,

What describes the primary motivation of the Spanish conquest of the Aztec empire

A desire to acquire gold & spices

The views expressed in the French vassal's oath to the king 1221 are best seen as evidence of what in French society

A lack of women's property rights

How is "temporal power" mentioned by Martin Luther best understood contextually

A state or secular authority

A historian would most likely use a French vassal's oath to the king 1221 to illustrate what

A strict hierarchal social structure in 13th c. France

Nicolo Machiavelli's treatise is best understood in context of what

A time of intense political conflict among warring Italian city-states & other factions

How did Native Americans eventually benefit from interactions like this?

Adopting metalwork and horses resulted in increased crop yields

Explain Cazel's argument about the economic situation that resulted from the Crusades.

Cazel argued that the economic situation boosted the real estate market and benefited the burgoises of the crusades period majorly

Describe Cazel's point of view of the Crusades from the passage

Cazel viewed the crusades as a good thing. He describes the crusades as beneficial for the economy, including heightening inflation and sale of land helped real estate.

What could be best inferred about Columbus's opinion of the island he explored on his 1st voyage

Columbus felt that there were untapped resources to be further explored

Explain one way in which commodities affected economies in the Americas, Africa, and Europe 1450-1750

Commodities such as corn stabilized the population. Corn was easily grown in many areas and easy to transport. It's ability to reach different regions upheld the population that was left after disease.

What best characterizes Nicolo Machiavelli's attitude in The Prince 1513

Cynicism about the loyalty of a ruler's subjects

Explain one way in which disease transformed the Americas, Africa, and Europe in the period 1450-1750

Disease transformed these regions negatively through food production. Disease killed off the lower class population because of harsh work conditions that allowed the spread of it. When disease killed people, there weren't enough people to work the farms to feed the larger population.

The Mongol Empire used which of the following to intergrate its vast, geographically diverse area?

Emphasis on trade networks

The Mongol empire used which of the following to integrate its vast, geographically diverse area?

Emphasis on trade networks

What historical development provides the best context for the Treaty of Tordesillas

European maritime exploration

Which of the following historical developments provides the best context for the treaty above?

European maritime exploration

A description of the route the Portuguese sailors took most directly when trading in Asia most directly supports what historical develooment

European participation in East Asian trade

The description of the route Portuguese sailors took in the first paragraph most directly supports which of the following historical developments?

European participation in East Asian trade patterns

What best characterizes the Aztecs that Cortes references in his letter

Expansionist policies

What technology most directly caused the Treaty of Tordesillas to be signed

The compass

Which of the following technologies most directly caused the treaty above to be signed?

The compass

What would best support the Alfred Crosby's assertion regarding the "quantum jump" that would help Western Europe achieve global hegemony between 1450 & 1750

The conquest of the Aztec Empire

The procedures that the Portuguese & other foreigners followed when trading in China supports what inference about trade policy in the later Ming Dynasty

The Ming Dynasty sought to regulate trade strictly to limit contact with foreigners & ease collection of taxes

The description in the second paragraph of the procedures that Portuguese and other foreigners followed when trading in China supports which of the following inferences about trade policy in the later Ming Dynasty?

The Ming Dynasty sought to regulate trade strictly to limit contact with foreigners and ease collection of taxes

What most likely explains Columbus's view of the inhabitants in his report of his 1st voyage

The native population had less developed technology

In addition to the sources of silver mentioned in the first paragraph, the greatest volume of additional silver came to China from which of the following regions?

The New World

The greatest volume of additional silver came to China from what region

The New World

What inference best explains the reason the King of Portugal insisted on Portuguese control of territory east of the demarcation line

The Portuguese knew of a route to India via the Cape of Good Hope in the south of Africa

Which of the following inferences best explains the reason the King of Portugal insisted on Portuguese control of territory east of the demarcation line?

The Portuguese knew of a route to India via the Cape of Good Hope in the south of Africa

What inference best explains the reason the King & Queen of Castile & Aragon insisted on Spanish control of territory west of the demarcation line

The Spanish believed Portugal did not know about their discovery of the New World

Which of the following inferences best explains the reason the King and Queen of Castile and Aragon insisted on Spanish control of territory west of the demarcation line?

The Spanish believed Portugal did not know about their discovery of the New World

Ideas similar to those expressed in Columbus's report have directly contributed to the development of what aspect of European exploration

Wealthy states, in hopes of controlling previously untapped natural resources, giving financial backing to explorers

What was the impact of interactions like these on Europe?

New crops from the Americas led to sharp population growth

The encounter described in the account above illustrates which of the following?

Amiable cultural exchange between Europe and Asia

The "quantum jump" mentioned in Alfred Crosby's passage most directly contributed to what development in the period 1450-1750

An increase in the population of the world through more plentiful supplies of food

The Journey of William of Rubrick (1254)

An outsider reporting his observation of a foreign city

Which statement most accurately compares the Mongol (post-classical) empire with the Persian (classical) empire?

Both the Mongols and the Persians allowed conquered peoples to maintain their local traditions and cultures

Incan & Aztec women differed from women in Feudal Europe in what way

Incan & Aztec women had more property rights & could participate in commerce

What statement about the period 600-1450 CE is supported by the Arab historian's passage about Mansa Musa

International trade connections were still being developed in the period

What inference is most supported by the discussion of copper & gold in a Arab historian's passage about Mansa Musa

International trade with sub-Saharan Africa involved the exchange of mineral resources

The description of Tenochtitlan's temples indicates what was true of Aztec society in the 16th c.

It was highly complex & contained large numbers of skilled artisans

Cortes most likely followed up his initial letter to King Charles V of Spain with a description of what finding

Majestic geography

Mansa Musa's assertion about the lack of duties levied on goods in his kingdom most strongly reflects what about the kingdom of Mali

Mali's wealth came in large part from its exploitation of minerals

The khans achieved most of their territory gains through what method

Militarization

The Treaty of Tordesillas provides evidence for what historical development

Monarchs were involved in & interested in voyages of discovery

The treaty above provides evidence for which of the following historical developments?

Monarchs were involved in and interested in voyages of discovery

What best characterizes the group governing the city of Karacorum

Mongols

Describe ONE way in which the painting shows a continuity in the sources of wealth of the kingdoms of Ghana and Mali.

One way is through the depiction of trade goods. The painting depicts items such as gold and salt, which were significant sources of wealth for both kingdoms. The kingdom of Ghana was known for its rich gold mines, and it traded gold with other regions. Mali also had access to vast amounts of gold but was known for its control over the transaharan-salt trade. The painting could show these goods being transported and traded, signifying the continuity of wealth between the kingdoms. (relied on gold/salt trade routes)

The legacies or adaptations of legacies from the Mongol empire are varied. Most notably, they include which of the following selections?

Religious tolerance

What best describes a policy of the city of Karacorum

Religious tolerance

Which of the following was a long-term consequence of the Mongol conquest of Russia in the 1200s?

Russia was excluded from Western European developments (like the Renaissance)

Explain one way in which European practices affected the environment in the Americas in the period 1450-1750

The European's were in the search of riches and overlooked the native life. While the European's looked for gold, they destroyed land to mine which the natives may have used for food production. Their practices led to soil erosion and deforestation.

What was an important direct effect on Spain of the experience reflected in Columbus's 1493 of his 1st voyage

Spain began a process of conquest of territories in the Western Hemisphere

Cortes's numerous references to "idols" in his letter illustrates what conflict between the Spanish conquistadors & the peoples of the New World

Spanish monotheism versus Aztec polytheism

Instruction for military households can best be seen as evidence of which of the following characteristics of the Tokugawa period?

Strict social classes

Which is the most appropriate caption for this image?

The Columbian Exchange

What contributed least to Western European global hegemony between 1450 & 1750

The development & application of steam-powered technologies

What was one significant effect of the Indian Ocean trade

The development of the Swahili language

What does Martin Luther mean in his Address to the Nobility of the German Nation 1520 when he discusses the "second wall"

The differing views if Catholics & Reformers on the appropriate use & interpretation of biblical texts

What development from the period 1750-1900 most directly undid the trade patterns the Europeans had for Asia

The discovery of certain goods that the Chinese were interested in purchasing from European merchants

Which of the following developments from the period 1750-1900 C.E. most directly undid the trade patterns mentioned in the first paragraph?

The discovery of certain goods that the Chinese were interested in purchasing from European merchants

What development from the period 1450-1700 most directly undid the trade patterns the Europeans had for Asia

The establishment of the Tokugawa Shogunate

Which of the following developments from the period 1450-1750 C.E. most directly undid the trade patterns mentioned in the first paragraph?

The establishment of the Tokugawa Shogunate

Which of the following best characterizes one way in which the Mongol Empire was very different from the other major empires of the ancient and medieval worlds?

The mongols generally ignored or assimilated to the cultural identities of the people whom they conquered

What is the main reason that there were no significant trade routes in the central part of Africa

The harshness of the terrain made travel practically impossible

Describe ONE way in which the painting shows a connection between the Middle East and West Africa.

The painting shows middle eastern architecture and depicts cultural symbols and motifs from both regions

Describe ONE way in which the painting shows the importance of Mansa Musa .

The painting shows the importance of Mansa Musa because it depicts symbols of his wealth by holding a gold coin and wearing a gold crown. Gold is a luxury goods and shows that Mansa Musa has wealth and importance

Evaluate the extent to which Mongol cultural practices changed in response to Mongol interactions with conquered peoples in the period circa 1200-1350 POTENTIAL DBQ

Thesis: Mongol cultural practices changed to a great extent in response to Mongol interactions with conquered peoples in the period circa 1200-1350 because Mongol's liberated religious freedom and adopted new religious beliefs. However, many Mongol's refused new religion's and continued their religion. Outside Info: The relations between the Mongols and the conquered peoples, allowed the empire to adopt religious freedom, different works of art, and promote cultural diversity. The Mongolian empire dominated many different nations. This domination allowed the Mongolians to interact with different people and end up adopting the customs and concepts of these nations. This made the Mongolians present different religions, different artistic productions, cultural diversity, and different agricultural and commercial production. This caused the Mongolian government to create laws that allowed all these differences to be accepted in the empire. One example of a change the government made was to liberate religious freedom. Moreover, all churches and religious leaders enjoyed the same social and economic benefits. Mongol empire established the largest land based empire of all time, ruled through khanates, networks of exchange increased Encouraged trade, Mongol adoption of weager script from Turks which becsme a common language

Develop an argument evaluating the extent to which the Kingdoms and empires of the sub-Saharan region succeeded in making achievements between 1200 and 1450 POTENTIAL DBQ

Thesis: Kingdoms and empires of the sub-Saharan region succeeded in making achievements between 1200 and 1450 to a great extent because of trading networks, and the transfer of new ideas. However, it caused kingdoms to collapse.

Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which various networks of exchange in that time were similar or different POTENTIAL LEQ/unit 2

Thesis: Networks of exchange were somewhat similar in the way that they spread disease and ideas, however, they were different in the technology used. Historical Context: Geographical range and trade expanded states grew wealthy Outside info: All spread black death, Islam, Buddhism, and Neo-confucianism Lateen sails, stern-post rudder vs camel and camel saddles, caravanserai Silk roads (caravanserai) - series of inns provided safety/ broughtpeople togetherstretched across Eurasia/ mainly luxury goods silk/porcelain/ paper money (flying money)/ caused popular city Kashgar/camel Indian Ocean monsoon winds, merchants predicted winds and used technology to predict winds, spices and textiles/ships/magnetic COMPASS,ASTROLABE, city states grew powerful, diasporic community Transsaharn camel saddle, increased states power such s Mali Increased demand, increased production All used new currencies such as flying cash, shells, coins, silk, spices, Knowledge of monsoon winds spreaded gunpowder Spread of islam, hindiums, and buddhism enters china via silk roads

Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the various networks of exchange in Afro-Eurasia during that time period affected the environment POTENTIAL LEQ/unit 2

Thesis: Various networks of exchange in Afro-Eurasia during that time period affected the environment to a great extent due to the trade routes and, However, trade routes played an essential role in the spread of ideas. Historical Context: Between 1200 and 1450, trade throughout Africa and Eurasia was occurring among many civilizations. This trade caused the spread of ideas and technology via the silk roads, transaharn trade routes, and Indian Ocean trading. Religions such as Confucianism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Christianity, and Judaism were being spread, promoting cultural diffusion to take place. The typical social structures during this time were still defined as caste or class and societies were mainly patriarchal. This period of trade caused political consolidation as well as population growth, although it caused diseases to spread. Following this, gunpowder empires such as Mongol, Safavid, and Mughal Empires emerged during the period 1450-1750, and was caused by amounts of territory were conquered by the gunpowder empires with the use and development of the newly invented firearms, especially cannon and small arms, in the course of imperial expansion. Crops: CHampa rice produced mroe food which led to population growth Disease: China carried by rats Diffusion of crops and diseases Causes of growth Luxury goodsTechnologiesMissionaries-Buddhism-Christianity-Islam

What best accounts for the spread of Islam to the lands of the kingdom of Mali

Trade contacts who came from the north across the Sahara

What change to women's role in society occurred as Europe's economy became less feudal & more urban

Women experienced fewer freedoms

The passages support which of the following methods to consolidate power in Japan

restricting religious groups to prevent conflict

Explain ONE way in which the 12th century economy affected the development of the Crusades.

the 12th century had huge economic growth the period into inflation, but also caused more trade and wealth and expansion.