1 Chemistry - Periodic Table of Elements
Transition Metals
1 to 2 valence electrons; group 3-12
Alkaline Earth Metals
2 valence electrons; group 2
Boron Family
3 valence electrons; group 13
Carbon Family
4 valence electrons; group 14
Nitrogen Family
5 valence electrons; group 15
Oxygen Family
6 valence electrons; group 16
Periodic table
A chart of all chemical elements currently known, organized by their properties.
Periodic Table
A chart of the elements showing the repeating pattern of their properties
Reactivity
A chemical property that describes how likely an element is to form bonds with or reacts with other elements.
Metal
A class of elements characterized by physical properties that include shininess, malleability, ductility, and conductivity
Period
A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table
Semiconductor
A material that when combined with some other material can be turned into an insulator or a conductor
Diatomic Molecule
A molecule that consists of two atoms of the same element
Chemical Symbol
A one- or two-letter representation of an element
Malleable
A property of metals; can be rolled or hammered into sheets
Energy Level
A region of an atom in which electrons of the same energy are likely to be found
Neutron
A small particle in the nucleus of the atom, with no electric charge
Neutron
A subatomic particle that is neutral and that is found in the nucleus of an atom
Ductile
A term used to describe a material that can be pulled out into a long wire
Electron
A tiny negatively charged particle that moves around the outside of the nucleus of an atom
Electron
A tiny, negatively charged particle that moves around the nucleus of an atom.
Group 1
Alkali metals.
Group 2
Alkaline earth metals
Metalloid
Are element with properties that fall between those of metals and nonmetals
Isotope
Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons
Atom
Basic particle from which all elements are made; the smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element
Corrosion
Deterioration of a material due to interaction with its environment.
Noble Gas
Elements in group 8A of the periodic table. Have no charge and are gases under normal conditions. (Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon)
Group
Elements in the same vertical column of the periodic table; also called family
Nonmetal
Elements that are poor conductors of heat and electric current
Metalloids
Found along the 'staircase'. Have properties of both metals and nonmetals
Alkali Metal
Group 1, 1 electron in outer level, very reactive, soft, silver, shiny, low density; Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium, Francium
Alkaline Earth Metal
Group 2 of the periodic table; includes the metallic beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and radium.
Transition Metal
Groups 3-12, 1-2 electrons in the outer energy level, less reactive than alsali-earth metals, shiny, good conductor of thermal energy and electrical current, high density
Halogen
Highly reactive nonmetals found in family/group 17.
Halogen
Means "salt producer" also group 17
Proton
Positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom
Proton
Small positively charged particles that are found in the nucleus of an atom
Mass Number
Sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
Electrical Conductivity
The ability of an object to carry electric current
Thermal Conductivity
The ability of an object to transfer heat
Nucleus
The central core of an atom which contains protons and neutrons
Atomic Mass
The number of protons and neutrons in an atom
Atomic Number
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Atomic Number
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element
Properties of metal
The physical properties of metals include luster, malleability, ductility, and conductivity
Mass Number
The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus
Luster
The way a mineral reflects light from its surface
Period
a horizontal row of elements on the Periodic Table of Elements; whose physical and chemical properties repeat in a pattern (conductivity and reactivity change gradually as you move from left to right)
Alloy
a mixture of a metal with at least one other element- strengthens the structure
Malleable
able to be hammered into thin sheets
Valence Electrons
an electron that is found in the outermost shell of an atom that determines the atoms chemical properties
Radioactive isotopes
are unstable
Actinide Series
bottom special row; part of the Transition Metals
Nonmetals
brittle , dull, poor conductors of heat and electricity
Ductile
can be pulled into long wires
Mendeleev
created one of the first periodic tables by using atomic mass
Dalton
discovered that atoms of the same element have the same mass
Bohr
discovered that electrons follow an orbit/shell
Thomson
discovered the electron
Chadwick
discovered the neutron
Rutherford
discovered the proton
Synthetic Element
element that is made in laboratories; elements with an atomic number equal to or higher than 95
Natural Element
element that occurs somewhere on Earth
Noble gases
elements in group 18 that have complete outer shells
Metal
elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, ductile, shiny; located on the left side of the staircase
Nonmetal
elements that are poor conductors of heat and electricity, brittle, dull; located on the right side of the staircase
Radioactive
elements that give off particles
Metalloid
elements that have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals; located on the staircase
Atomic Number
equals the number of protons and is the property for organization of the periodic table (PT)
Atomic Mass
equals the number of protons plus the number of neutrons
Ion
forms when an atom loses or gains an electron
Alkaline earth metals
hard, grey-white, good conductors of electricity, calcium and magnesium are examples
Periods
horizontal rows on the periodic table
Period number
is the amount of energy levels (shells) an atom has
Transition metals
most are hard and shiny, less reactive, examples are iron, copper, nickel and gold
Alkali Metals
most reactive metals; 1 valence electron; group 1
Halogens
most reactive nonmetals; 7 valence electrons; group 17
Noble Gases/Inert Gases
nonreactive; 2 or 8 valence electrons; group 18
Synthetic elements
not found naturally on earth, all elements higher than 92
Chemical Symbol
one or two letters representing the element- first is capital/second is lower case
Periodic Table
organizes elements by their properties
Element
pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom
Periodic Law
repeating chemical and physical properties change in a repeating pattern with the elements' atomic numbers
Metal
shiny, malleable, ductile and good conductors
Electron
small particle with a negative charge that orbits the nucleus of an atom
Proton
small particle with a positive charge in a nucleus of an atom
Neutron
small particle with no charge found in the nucleus of an atom
Valence electrons
subatomic particles that are located the farthest away from the nucleus- determine bonding
Conductivity
the ability of an object to transfer heat or electricity to another object
Reactivity
the ease and speed with which an element combines or reacts with other elements and compounds
Lanthanides
the first period below the periodic table, they are mixed with more common metals to form alloys
Actinides
the period below lanthanides, very unstable
Isotope
the protons remain the same as the atomic number, but the neutrons do not
Covalent bond
the sharing of electrons
Atom
the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element
Ionic bond
the transfer of electrons
Lanthanide Series
top special row; part of the Transition Metals
Groups 3-12
transition metals
Carbon 14
used in finding the age of an artifact
Group/Family
vertical column on the Periodic Table of Elements; members share chemical and physical properties; share the number of valence electrons
Groups
vertical columns on the periodic table that have common properties
Alkali metals
very reactive, not found alone in nature, react violently with water
