1 Chemistry - Periodic Table of Elements

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Transition Metals

1 to 2 valence electrons; group 3-12

Alkaline Earth Metals

2 valence electrons; group 2

Boron Family

3 valence electrons; group 13

Carbon Family

4 valence electrons; group 14

Nitrogen Family

5 valence electrons; group 15

Oxygen Family

6 valence electrons; group 16

Periodic table

A chart of all chemical elements currently known, organized by their properties.

Periodic Table

A chart of the elements showing the repeating pattern of their properties

Reactivity

A chemical property that describes how likely an element is to form bonds with or reacts with other elements.

Metal

A class of elements characterized by physical properties that include shininess, malleability, ductility, and conductivity

Period

A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table

Semiconductor

A material that when combined with some other material can be turned into an insulator or a conductor

Diatomic Molecule

A molecule that consists of two atoms of the same element

Chemical Symbol

A one- or two-letter representation of an element

Malleable

A property of metals; can be rolled or hammered into sheets

Energy Level

A region of an atom in which electrons of the same energy are likely to be found

Neutron

A small particle in the nucleus of the atom, with no electric charge

Neutron

A subatomic particle that is neutral and that is found in the nucleus of an atom

Ductile

A term used to describe a material that can be pulled out into a long wire

Electron

A tiny negatively charged particle that moves around the outside of the nucleus of an atom

Electron

A tiny, negatively charged particle that moves around the nucleus of an atom.

Group 1

Alkali metals.

Group 2

Alkaline earth metals

Metalloid

Are element with properties that fall between those of metals and nonmetals

Isotope

Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons

Atom

Basic particle from which all elements are made; the smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element

Corrosion

Deterioration of a material due to interaction with its environment.

Noble Gas

Elements in group 8A of the periodic table. Have no charge and are gases under normal conditions. (Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon)

Group

Elements in the same vertical column of the periodic table; also called family

Nonmetal

Elements that are poor conductors of heat and electric current

Metalloids

Found along the 'staircase'. Have properties of both metals and nonmetals

Alkali Metal

Group 1, 1 electron in outer level, very reactive, soft, silver, shiny, low density; Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium, Francium

Alkaline Earth Metal

Group 2 of the periodic table; includes the metallic beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and radium.

Transition Metal

Groups 3-12, 1-2 electrons in the outer energy level, less reactive than alsali-earth metals, shiny, good conductor of thermal energy and electrical current, high density

Halogen

Highly reactive nonmetals found in family/group 17.

Halogen

Means "salt producer" also group 17

Proton

Positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom

Proton

Small positively charged particles that are found in the nucleus of an atom

Mass Number

Sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Electrical Conductivity

The ability of an object to carry electric current

Thermal Conductivity

The ability of an object to transfer heat

Nucleus

The central core of an atom which contains protons and neutrons

Atomic Mass

The number of protons and neutrons in an atom

Atomic Number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Atomic Number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element

Properties of metal

The physical properties of metals include luster, malleability, ductility, and conductivity

Mass Number

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus

Luster

The way a mineral reflects light from its surface

Period

a horizontal row of elements on the Periodic Table of Elements; whose physical and chemical properties repeat in a pattern (conductivity and reactivity change gradually as you move from left to right)

Alloy

a mixture of a metal with at least one other element- strengthens the structure

Malleable

able to be hammered into thin sheets

Valence Electrons

an electron that is found in the outermost shell of an atom that determines the atoms chemical properties

Radioactive isotopes

are unstable

Actinide Series

bottom special row; part of the Transition Metals

Nonmetals

brittle , dull, poor conductors of heat and electricity

Ductile

can be pulled into long wires

Mendeleev

created one of the first periodic tables by using atomic mass

Dalton

discovered that atoms of the same element have the same mass

Bohr

discovered that electrons follow an orbit/shell

Thomson

discovered the electron

Chadwick

discovered the neutron

Rutherford

discovered the proton

Synthetic Element

element that is made in laboratories; elements with an atomic number equal to or higher than 95

Natural Element

element that occurs somewhere on Earth

Noble gases

elements in group 18 that have complete outer shells

Metal

elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, ductile, shiny; located on the left side of the staircase

Nonmetal

elements that are poor conductors of heat and electricity, brittle, dull; located on the right side of the staircase

Radioactive

elements that give off particles

Metalloid

elements that have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals; located on the staircase

Atomic Number

equals the number of protons and is the property for organization of the periodic table (PT)

Atomic Mass

equals the number of protons plus the number of neutrons

Ion

forms when an atom loses or gains an electron

Alkaline earth metals

hard, grey-white, good conductors of electricity, calcium and magnesium are examples

Periods

horizontal rows on the periodic table

Period number

is the amount of energy levels (shells) an atom has

Transition metals

most are hard and shiny, less reactive, examples are iron, copper, nickel and gold

Alkali Metals

most reactive metals; 1 valence electron; group 1

Halogens

most reactive nonmetals; 7 valence electrons; group 17

Noble Gases/Inert Gases

nonreactive; 2 or 8 valence electrons; group 18

Synthetic elements

not found naturally on earth, all elements higher than 92

Chemical Symbol

one or two letters representing the element- first is capital/second is lower case

Periodic Table

organizes elements by their properties

Element

pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

Periodic Law

repeating chemical and physical properties change in a repeating pattern with the elements' atomic numbers

Metal

shiny, malleable, ductile and good conductors

Electron

small particle with a negative charge that orbits the nucleus of an atom

Proton

small particle with a positive charge in a nucleus of an atom

Neutron

small particle with no charge found in the nucleus of an atom

Valence electrons

subatomic particles that are located the farthest away from the nucleus- determine bonding

Conductivity

the ability of an object to transfer heat or electricity to another object

Reactivity

the ease and speed with which an element combines or reacts with other elements and compounds

Lanthanides

the first period below the periodic table, they are mixed with more common metals to form alloys

Actinides

the period below lanthanides, very unstable

Isotope

the protons remain the same as the atomic number, but the neutrons do not

Covalent bond

the sharing of electrons

Atom

the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element

Ionic bond

the transfer of electrons

Lanthanide Series

top special row; part of the Transition Metals

Groups 3-12

transition metals

Carbon 14

used in finding the age of an artifact

Group/Family

vertical column on the Periodic Table of Elements; members share chemical and physical properties; share the number of valence electrons

Groups

vertical columns on the periodic table that have common properties

Alkali metals

very reactive, not found alone in nature, react violently with water


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