1.1-1.5 Art

The highly polished surface of Anish Kapoor's sculpture Cloud Gate means that the viewer and the city of ________ become a part of the work, in its reflection.

Chicago

Frida Kahlo painted The Two Fridas shortly after she was divorced from which famous Mexican painter?

Diego Rivera

Vladimir Tatlin's Monument to the Third International was intended as a heroic symbol commemorating the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia. If it had been built, it would have been much smaller than the Eiffel Tower.

False

This American architect designed the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain with an emphasis on the variety of forms and tactile surfaces. Who was this architect?

Frank Gehry

Sculptors Ralph Helmick and Stuart Schechter experimented with open volume when they created this hanging sculpture, installed in the Evanston Public Library in Illinois.

Ghostwriter

Marisol's work Father Damien was created to memorialize the heroism of a priest who lost his life helping the victims of leprosy. This sculpture stands in front of the State Capitol Building in the U.S. State of ________.

Hawaii

Louise Bourgeois is an American sculptor who created a work that stands outside the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain. What is the title of this spider-shaped sculpture?

Maman

The Belgian Surrealist artist ________ created The Treachery of Images, a work that calls our attention to the illusionary characteristics of painting.

René Magritte

In her work Object, a fur-lined teacup and saucer, the Swiss artist Méret Oppenheim employed subversive texture to contradict conscious logical experience. She belonged to the ________ art movement, which drew on ideas and images from dreams and the unconscious mind.

Surrealist

Two nineteenth-century French sculptors, Auguste Rodin and Constantin Brancusi, created stone works that expressed the same theme, but through different uses of the element mass. What was the title that both artists used to describe their work?

The Kiss

Contour line defines the outer edge or profile of an object, and can be used to suggest a volume in space.

True

The painter Thomas Hart Benton varied the intensity of the color green in The Wreck of the Ole '97 to help the viewer feel at a safe distance from the train wreck.

True

Triangular planes make up the surface of a geodesic sphere. Planes that are closer to and facing toward the light source tend to be lighter than planes that are further from it and facing away.

True

In a two-dimensional work, when the figure becomes the background and the background becomes the figure, we perceive ________.

a figure-ground reversal

A shape made of perfectly straight lines would probably be classified as ________ shape.

a geometric

An empty space defined by its surround is known as ________ shape.

a negative

A shape on a flat picture surface that is defined by surrounding empty space is known as ________ shape.

a positive

An upright stone that has an incised relief on its surface, such as the Maya sculpture (1.2.7), is known as ________.

a stela

When we touch an object we experience a tactile sensation that artists refer to as ________ texture.

actual

In Carrie Mae Weems' Kitchen Table series, dramatic effect is achieved by doing what? using black and white lighting with a spotlight keeping the scene monochromatic dressing figures in dark clothing all of the other answers

all of the other answers

When using a series of squares that are exactly the same shape, implied depth can be achieved by ________. lternating value relative size overlapping relative position all of the other answers

all of the other answers

Which of the following words can be used to describe irregular lines? oose wild chaotic unpredictable all of the other answers

all of the other answers

Which of the following words would best describe a regular line? controlled geometric cool-headed predictable all of the other answers

all of the other answers

A line that is a continuous mark is ________.

an actual line

The sphere that designer Saul Bass created for the AT&T logo is not defined by a continuous boundary. This type of shape, which can be suggested by dots or lines that do not connect, is termed ________ shape.

an implied

A line that gives viewers the impression that they are seeing a line where there is not a continuous mark is ________.

an implied line

________ volume is a space that is enclosed by materials that are not entirely solid.

an open

In the Roettgen Pietà from fourteenth-century Germany, the shrunken, twisted body of Jesus and the oversized, anguished head of Mary are accentuated for expressive effect. This distortion of the human body, ________ form that we can all understand, makes the viewer feel uneasy and impresses on us the suffering of mother and son.

an organic

The combination of jarring vertical and diagonal lines in Vincent van Gogh's The Bedroom creates an atmosphere of ________.

anxiety

Kindred Spirits by Asher Brown Durand uses the effects of ________ to give a sense of the vastness of the American landscape.

atmospheric perspective

When objects are far away they lack contrast, detail, and sharpness of focus because of the interference of air. Artists take advantage of this when they use the process called:

atmospheric perspective

The African American artist Carrie Mae Weems is a photographer who often concentrates on personal, cultural, and racial identity in her work. In her Kitchen Table series, she uses the principle of contrast by doing what?

balancing black against white

This type of relief, which takes its name from the French word for low, does not imply great depth.

bas-relief

The French artist Pierre-Paul Prud'hon created chiaroscuro by using ________ chalk on paper.

black and white

The nineteenth-century Spiritualist artist Georgiana Houghton used irregular line to create the work Glory be to God. The artist claimed that the overall composition was organized how?

by spiritual forces

In addition to alternating value, Li Cheng's A Solitary Temple Amid Clearing Peaks uses this process to give the viewer a sense that some areas are closer than others.

changing visual texture

This method of applying value to a two-dimensional artwork in order to create the illusion of a three-dimensional solid form is called ________.

chiaroscuro

An artist can use color to indicate depth. When a color is very pure and intense then it seems to be ________.

closer

In Pablo Picasso's Blonde Woman in Profile, the artist uses a ________ line that follows the contours of the model's profile.

continuous

Henri Matisse drew Woman Seated in an Armchair using ________ line so that he could represent her figure with great economy while being descriptive.

contour

The dark printed words on the page of a book are easily read because they are printed on a light ground. This is an example of the principle of ________. harmony variety contrast proportion emphasis

contrast

In order to create value in his drawing Head of a Satyr, Michelangelo used both hatching and ________, a variation where the lines overlap, allowing for the depiction of darker tones.

cross-hatching

The American sculptor David Smith created sculptures of geometric forms. In his work Cubi XIX, Smith used the following geometric shape:

cuboids

Artists can create a sense of ________ by using light and dark values.

depth

Because it is three-dimensional, a form has these three spatial measurements: height, width, and ________.

depth

The Chinese artist Li Cheng created ________ in his work A Solitary Temple Amid Clearing Peaks by alternating bands of lighter and darker values.

depth

In James Allen's etching The Connectors, an image of workers erecting the Empire State Building, the artist created a feeling of great height by using ________ line to lead the viewer's eye diagonally downward.

directional

By orienting lines so that they attract attention to a specific area of a work of art the artist is using ________.

directional line

In the Roettgen Pietà from fourteenth-century Germany, the artist ________ the organic forms of the bodies of Mary and Jesus in order to express pain and suffering.

distorted

The spiraling open volume of Vladimir Tatlin's Monument to the Third International was intended to give the design a feeling of ________.

dynamism

The positive and negative shapes in M. C. Escher's print Sky and Water I balance each other and are an example of ________.

figure-ground reversal

To imply greater depth, the sculptor who created the relief carvings on the outside of the Ara Pacis Augustae carved the figures in the ________ more deeply than those that are in the background, in order to make them stand out more.

foreground

A two-dimensional object is called a shape, and a three-dimensional object is known as a ________.

form

The organic form and abstract quality of Lino Tagliapietra's sculpture, Batman, allow it to express the idea of ________.

freedom and life

A sculpture that can be viewed from more than one side and that occupies space in the same way as other real-life objects is called a ________ sculpture.

freestanding

An artist paints a scene with a large mountain, which lacks detail and is out of focus, and a tree, which is sharply defined and bright green. The viewer might assume that the mountain is ________ than the tree.

further away

Forms such as pyramids, which tend to be precise and regular, are known as ________ forms.

geometric

The principles of design are a kind of ________ that artists apply to the elements of art. technique perspective sketch logo grammar

grammar

The process of using a series of parallel lines set close to one another to differentiate planes of value in a work of art is called ________.

hatching

A flat work of art has two dimensions: ________ and width. height depth breadth size mass

height

The chiaroscuro method uses five defined values: cast shadow, reflected light, core shadow, light, and ________.

highlight

If vertical lines communicate strength, horizontals calm, and diagonals action, then a vacation resort might want to choose a logo consisting of ________ lines in order to show peaceful repose.

horizontal

The Dutch design team Sauerkids used ________ lines of dots and dashes in its work to create exciting visual rhythms.

implied

Some Jewish texts create images using this kind of line made up of small letters.

implied line

The French artist André Masson wished to explore the psychological source of creativity through his "automatic" ink drawings of ________ lines

irregular

One definition of this element is "a mark that connects two points." line shape color value mass

line

The line created by the vein in Frida Kahlo's The Two Fridas makes reference to what personal aspect of her life?

lineage

Marisol was commissioned to create a sculpture of the Catholic missionary Father Damien. A stout figure in heavy bronze, the statue possesses a weighty ________ that communicates the strong beliefs and courageous determination of the priest.

mass

Our experience of objects in the natural world often leads us to assume that a large object will be heavy, but in fact this is not necessarily the case. This element of art is called ________.

mass

This term refers to the substance contained in an object, but it does not necessarily imply weight.

mass

In the illustration from the manga Tsubasa RESERVoir CHRoNiCLE, the artists used diagonal lines to create a strong sense of ________.

movement

A sculpture designed in the round can be viewed from ________.

nearly every angle

In her painting Music—Pink and Blue II, Georgia O'Keeffe emphasized the blue ________ space in order to attract the viewer's attention into a deep interior.

negative

In his Obey campaign poster Shepard Fairey used a striking contrast between positive and ________ shapes to attract the attention of the public.

negative

American sculptors Carol Mickett and Robert Stackhouse created the work In the Blue (Crest) to imply the presence of water. The work's many empty spaces, which were created using irregular horizontal members, are an example of ________ volume.

open

Forms that tend to be irregular, and similar to naturally occurring objects, are known as ________ forms.

organic

Miriam Schapiro's collage Baby Blocks combines two different kinds of shape. ________ is the term used to describe a shape that suggests the natural world, while the term geometric suggests mathematical regularity.

organic

This type of shape is composed of unpredictable, irregular lines.

organic

The line that defines the edge of a shape is called the ________.

outline

The lines that create the image of the Nazca Spider "drawing" define the ________ of a ________. contour . . . volume direction . . . line outline . . . shape mass . . . form pattern . . . square

outline . . . shape

By looking at the flat triangular surfaces of Disney's Spaceship Earth, the effect of light and shadow can be observed. What are these flat surfaces?

planes

The artist Dosio, in his drawing of the Church of Saint Spirito, created an impression of three dimensions by using line to show the division between ________.

planes

Mel Bochner used ________ line in the work Vertigo because it is controlled and measured.

regular

One method used to establish depth in Beda Stjernschantz's Pastoral (Primavera) involves placing figures higher or lower in the composition. This process for creating depth is called ________.

relative placement

A three-dimensional surface that is designed to be viewed from only one direction is known as a ________.

relief

In a 1941 drawing the British artist Barbara Hepworth used line to plan a ________.

sculpture

Detective movies of the 1940s were filmed in such dark tones they were referred to as film noir. Filmmakers chose these dark values to enhance the ________ mood of the movies.

serious

The ________ texture of Anish Kapoor's sculpture Cloud Gate is appealing for viewers to touch.

smooth

By using ________ texture to contradict previous tactile experience, artists can invite viewers to reconsider the world around them.

subversive

Méret Oppenheim was part of an art movement that rejected rational, conscious thought. Her fur-lined teacup and saucer, Object, conjures an unexpected and illogical sensation for the viewer by using ________ texture.

subversive

Beda Stjernschantz was a member of the Symbolists, who were interested in the relationship between art and music. This was exemplified in a physiological condition known as ________, in which one of the body's senses translates the experience into another sense.

synesthesia

The sculpture of the Great Sphinx stands as a symbolic guardian of the pyramids at Giza. The ancient Greek definition of a sphinx was a mythological creature whose features were:

the body of a lion, the wings of an eagle, and the head of a woman

Hatching and cross-hatching use two-dimensional lines to communicate ________ depth.

three-dimensional

These four visual elements of art—form, volume, mass, and texture—are present in ________ works of art.

three-dimensional

Because a form exists in "real" space, we can experience it not only visually, but also through our sense of ________.

touch

The lightness or darkness of a surface is the element of art called ________.

value

A series of different values that are grouped together is called a ________.

value range

The elements of art form the basic ________ of art. media symbols vocabulary techniques methods

vocabulary

The element of art that defines the amount of space occupied by an object is ________.

volume

In his drawing of the Church of Saint Spirito, Dosio used line to accentuate the patterned surface of the ceiling and differentiate it from the ________.

walls