1109 Final Exam
In humans, the right lung has ____ lobes, and the left lung has ____ lobes. -2...2 -2...3 -3...2 -3...3
3...2
Which of the following statements is correct? -LH stimulates the formation of the corpus luteum. -All of the answer choices are correct. -The follicles in the ovary produce estrogen. -The placenta can produce both estrogen and progesterone. -The corpus luteum produces progesterone.
All of the answer choices are correct.
Transmission of a nerve impulse from one neuron to another neuron is dependent on -a presynaptic and postsynaptic membrane. -a synaptic cleft. -All of the answer choices are requirements for the transmission of a nerve impulse. -the presence of calcium ions. -a neurotransmitter.
All of the answer choices are requirements for the transmission of a nerve impulse.
How does the urinary system contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis? -maintenance of acid-base balance -All of the answer choices are ways the urinary systems helps maintain homeostasis. -excretion of metabolic wastes -secretion of hormones -maintenance of water-salt balance
All of the answer choices are ways the urinary systems helps maintain homeostasis.
How does the urinary system contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis? -maintenance of water-salt balance -maintenance of acid-base balance -secretion of hormones -excretion of metabolic wastes -All of the answer choices are ways the urinary systems helps maintain homeostasis.
All of the answer choices are ways the urinary systems helps maintain homeostasis.
Which of the following criteria is used in the naming of muscles? -name(s) of the bone(s) it attaches to -All of the answer choices describe criteria used in the naming of muscles. -location -shape -size
All of the answer choices describe criteria used in the naming of muscles.
Which of the following describes an event associated with development? -tissues and organs become arranged in the body -All of the answer choices describe events associated with development. -body parts are shaped and patterned into a specific form -cells divide and get larger -cells become specialized in structure and function
All of the answer choices describe events associated with development.
Which of the following is a function of bones? -allow flexible and controlled movement -provide a storehouse of inorganic salts -provide protection -All of the answer choices describe functions of bone. -provide support
All of the answer choices describe functions of bone.
Which of the following is a function of the digestive system? -mechanical breakdown of food -absorption of food molecules -elimination of waste products -chemical breakdown of food -All of the answer choices describe functions of the digestive system.
All of the answer choices describe functions of the digestive system.
Which of the following is a function of the liver? -the production of bile -the removal of blood toxins -the production of blood proteins -the storage of iron and certain vitamins -All of the answer choices describe functions of the liver.
All of the answer choices describe functions of the liver.
Which of the following is a function of the liver? -the production of blood proteins -All of the answer choices describe functions of the liver. -the removal of blood toxins -the storage of iron and certain vitamins -the production of bile
All of the answer choices describe functions of the liver.
Which of the following is a function of the urinary system? -elimination of nitrogenous wastes including urea, uric acid, and creatinine -monitoring and maintaining blood pH at about 7.4 -hormone secretion to stimulate red blood cell production and regulate sodium ion levels -All of the answer choices describe functions of the urinary system.
All of the answer choices describe functions of the urinary system.
Which of the following is a function of the kidney? -All of the choices. -Filters waste from the blood -Regulates the body' s electrolyte concentration -Regulates the pH of the body
All of the choices
Who is the father of taxonomy? -James Watson -Charles Darwin -Carolus Linnaeus -Gregor Mendel
Carolus Linnaeus
Which of the following is the simple cuboidal epithelium? -B -A -C -D -E
D.
Which of these samples is bone? E F B C A D
E
A response that does not occur immediately cannot be considered an allergic response, even if it appears like one. True or False
False
At the end of the lab, you were asked to leave your lab coat and goggles. -True or False
False
During pregnancy, maternal and fetal blood mix with each other. True or False
False
In the tissues, oxygen and nutrients enter the capillaries and carbon dioxide and wastes leave the capillaries. True or False
False
Innate immunity involves B and T cells. True or False
False
Most respiratory infections are caused by viruses and can successfully be treated with antibiotics. True or False
False
Neutrophils change into macrophages that act as scavengers. True or False
False
Nicotine is not considered a drug because it does not affect the body physically. True or False
False
Smoking may increase your risk of lung cancer, but it does not affect the risk of bladder cancer. True or False
False
Taste cells can detect at three primary types of taste: salty, sour, and bitter. True or False
False
You can eliminate all fat from your diet without suffering any harmful effects. True or False
False
Each kidney has about 1,000 structural units called nephrons. True or False
False *Note each kidney is composed over 1 million nephrons*
According the following cycle, what generation is dominant for Moss? -Sporophyte (2n) -Sporangium -zygote -Gametophyte (n)
Gametophyte (n)
Why is it advantageous to have blood move slowly in the capillaries? -It provides time for substances to be exchanged between blood and tissue fluids. -It is the major way to control blood pressure. -It maintains the high pressure in the capillaries. -It creates a greater osmotic pressure for cells. -It will not cause damage to the valves.
It provides time for substances to be exchanged between blood and tissue fluids.
_____________ involves changes in a population over time (on the small scale). -No answer text provided. -Microevolution -No answer text provided. -Macroevolution
Microevolution
What type of tissue is shown? -Muscular tissue -Nervous tissue -Connective tissue -Epithelium tissue
Muscular Tissue
Describe in 2-3 sentences each of the following flower parts. Make sure to use adequate terminology from your book:
My answer: The stigma, style, petal, ovary, pedicel, anther, and filament are all protected by a plant's sepal. The floral tube holds the plant. The plant's male portions are the anther and filament, while the female part consists of stigma, style, and ovary.
The functional unit of the kidneys is the -Neuron -Nephron -Nephritis -Ureters
Nephron
Which of the following is NOT connective tissue? -Nervous tissue -Human blood -Adipose tissue -Hyaline cartilage
Nervous tissue
What is the circulatory system? -The body's breathing system -The body's food-processing system -The body's system of nerves -The body's blood-transporting system
The body's blood-transporting system
What is the function of the blood vessels and capillaries? -They pump blood to the heart. -They carry messages from the brain to the muscles. -They filter impurities from the blood. -They carry blood to all parts of the body.
They carry blood to all parts of the body
A person can fulfill all of their protein requirements without consuming any animal products. True or False
True
All bacteria should be discarded in a biohazard bin. True or False
True
An autoimmune disease means that the body attacks itself because it does not recognize itself. True or False
True
Jeremy has broken his leg during a soccer match. Although this is bad, from a healing standpoint, it is not as bad as if he had torn his cartilage. True or False
True
Plants evolved from multi-cellular green algae. True or False
True
A nerve impulse is caused by -the movement of a potassium ion all the way from dendrite to axon tip. -a change in the difference in positive and negative ions on the outer and inner surfaces of the neuron membrane, a change that opens adjacent channels and propagates its flow. -the movement of a sodium ion all the way from dendrite to axon tip. -the movement of sodium ions from a dendrite to an axon tip and the movement of potassium ions from the an axon tip to a dendrite. -a change in the difference in sugar molecules on the outer and inner surfaces of the neuron membrane that opens adjacent channels.
a change in the difference in positive and negative ions on the outer and inner surfaces of the neuron membrane, a change that opens adjacent channels and propagates its flow.
What is the first thing you have to do if there is a fire in the lab? -run for the fire extinguisher -splash the fire with water -alert people -open windows
alert people
"We are one species among vast numbers of extinct and extant forms." In the previous sentence, what does extant mean? -dead -No answer text provided. -nonliving -alive
alive
How do plants reproduce? -haploid life cycle -Dominant life cycle -diploid life cycle -alternation of generations life cycle
alternation of generations life cycle
You are looking at a structure in the respiratory tract that is filled with small sacs or air pockets. What structure are you looking at? -bronchi -nose -alveoli -larynx -pharynx
alveoli
What occurred when you closed the lid with the blue solution and if you were not fast enough to reach the safety shower? -nothing occurred -you slipped -an explosion -the solution turned red
an explosion
The most diverse terrestrial plant group today: -gymnosperm -angiosperm -bryophytes -pterophytes
angiosperm
What is the name given to the male gametophyte in ferns? -sporangeum -archegonium -sori -antheridium
antheridium
A vaccine contains -antibiotics against a particular bacterial strain. -antigens that are no longer virulent. -horse serum. -penicillin. -antibodies made by plasma cells.
antigens that are no longer virulent
Another term for programmed cell death is -cellular differentiation. -morphogenesis. -mitosis. -pattern formation. -apoptosis.
apoptosis
Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart? -capillaries -venules -lymph vessels -arteries -veins
arteries
During the formation of an embryo, a hollow sphere of cells with a fluid-filled cavity inside is termed a -neurula. -morula. -blastula. -blastocoel. -gastrula.
blastula
Bacteria living in the large intestine -can produce excess acid. -are found only in the rectum. -can produce vitamins. -are found only in the appendix. -are a source of fiber.
can produce vitamins
The tiny hair-like structures that keep mucus and dirt out of your lungs are called: -cilia -flagella -bronchioles -lung hairs
cilia
What is the name for the following picture? -trait tree -Phylogenetic tree -cladogram -dichotomous key tree
cladogram
When you inhale, your lungs ______ . -deflate -explode -turn purple -inflate
deflate
An action potential includes -depolarization and repolarization. -depolarization only. -resting potential and repolarization. -resting potential and depolarization. -repolarization only.
depolarization and repolarization.
An action potential includes -resting potential and depolarization. -repolarization only. -depolarization only. -depolarization and repolarization. -resting potential and repolarization.
depolarization and repolarization.
Which of the following is a function that is independent of the skeletal system? -blood cell production -storage of calcium, phosphorus, and fat -detection of stimuli -substantial body movement (walking, etc.) -protection of brain and other soft organs
detection of stimuli
The respiratory system is made of the trachea, the lungs, and the ____ -liver -esophagus -diaphragm -pancreas
diaphragm
Which of the following are not plant tissues? -epithelial -vascular -ground -dermal
epithelial
In case of a large major chemical spill, you should -don't let instructor know -evacuate lab -clean up -call Pro8 news
evacuate lab
What is the longest bone in the body? -femur -ulna -humerus -pelvis -tibia
femur
Which of the following lacks nutrients? -fiber -vitamins -carbohydrates -proteins -lipids
fiber
Which of the following is responsible for the storage of extra bile? -pancreas -small intestine -gallbladder -stomach -liver
gallbladder
Which of the following is responsible for the storage of extra bile? -small intestine -stomach -pancreas -gallbladder -liver
gallbladder
What is the purpose of the stomata? -nutrient transportation -herbivore defense -gas exchange -faster rate for photosynthesis
gas exchange
Inflammation of the gums is called -gummitis. -gingivitis. -gumma infections. -periodontitis. -dental caries.
gingivitis
What is the name of the muscle that you sit on? -deltoid -hamstring group -pectoralis major -quadriceps femoris group -gluteus maximus
gluteus maximus
Which of the following have the least closest shared ancestry? -hagfish and chimp -lizard and chimp -salamander and mouse -Pigeon and mouse
hagfish and chimp
The primary target of the HIV virus is -cytotoxic T cells. -helper T cells -B cells. -suppressor T cells. -memory T cells.
helper T Cells
Which endocrine gland has ultimate control of the testes' sexual function? -thymus gland -hypothalamus -anterior pituitary -adrenal glands -posterior pituitary
hypothalamus
Patients with diabetes mellitus have frequent urination and increased thirst because -increased glucose in the urine increases its osmolarity and less water is reabsorbed by blood. -an increase in sodium ions causes more nerve stimulation and triggers urination. -less water passes from the glomerulus to the glomerular capsule. -more water is driven from the glomerulus to the glomerular capsule than normal. -more salt is reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule.
increased glucose in the urine increases its osmolarity and less water is reabsorbed by blood.
The structure that regulates the size of the opening for light in the eye is the -pupil. -retina. -ciliary muscle. -iris. -lens
iris
Which item was NOT in the locker at the beginning of the lab simulation? -lab coat/apron -lab manual -Safety googles
lab manual
Which of the following will increase during strenuous muscular activity? -carbon monoxide -lactic acid -myosin -oxygen -liver glycogen
lactic acid
Which lab safety equipment did the lab not have? -fire blankety -safety shower -fire extinguisher -land line phone
land line phone
The vocal cords are found in the -nose. -lungs. -bronchi. -pharynx. -larynx.
larynx
The olfactory bulbs have a direct connection with what part of the brain? -pons -temporal lobe -medulla -brain stem -limbic system
limbic system
_________ produces bile and stores glycogen. -small intestine -gallbladder -Liver -stomach
liver
The malleus, incus, and stapes are -surrounded by fluid in a bony cavity. -located between the tectorial membrane and the basilar membrane. -located in the inner ear. -equivalent terms for the saccule, utricle, and the otolith. -located between the tympanic membrane and the oval window.
located between the tympanic membrane and the oval window.
Which part of a simple reflex takes the message away from the CNS? -interneuron -motor neuron -receptor -effector -sensory neuron
motor neuron
In humans, digestion of starch begins in the -large intestine. -esophagus. -mouth. -stomach. -duodenum.
mouth
The microscopic anatomical unit of excretion found in the kidney is the -alveoli. -nephron. -glomerulus. -microvilli. -glomerular (Bowman's) capsule.
nephron
Bone-forming cells are called -osteoclasts. -chondrocytes. -osteocytes. -blood cells. -osteoblasts.
osteoblasts
Which of the following hormones causes the uterus to contract? -testosterone -prolactin -progesterone -estrogen -oxytocin
oxytocin
Neurotransmitters are molecules that cross the synaptic cleft via -passive diffusion and always inhibit the postsynaptic neuron. -active transport and always inhibit the postsynaptic neuron. -passive diffusion and either excite or inhibit the postsynaptic neuron. -passive diffusion and always excite the postsynaptic neuron. -active transport and always excite the postsynaptic neuron.
passive diffusion and either excite or inhibit the postsynaptic neuron.
Disease-causing agents like viruses or bacteria are considered a(n) -vaccine. -allergen. -antibody. -pathogen. -thrombin
pathogen
The digestive juices found in the stomach include -trypsin and pepsin. -trypsin and bile. -pepsin and hydrochloric acid. -amylase and trypsin. -bile and hydrochloric acid.
pepsin and hydrochloric acid.
Which respiratory organ normally allows both air and food passage? -trachea -bronchi -pharynx -nasal cavity -larynx
pharynx
Which type of cell will produce antibodies that are released into the bloodstream? -B cell -memory cell -T cell -plasma cell -mast cell
plasma cell
What is the male microsporangium? -leaf -ovule -stem -pollen grain
pollen grain
Red bone marrow -produces blood cells. -stores fat. -is located only in the medullary cavity. -contains dense fibrous connective tissue. -is only found in infants.
produces blood cells.
The receptors that detect position and movement of limbs are called -proprioceptors. -photoreceptors. -mechanoreceptors. -chemoreceptors. -nociceptors.
proprioceptors.
Which of the following structures transports blood rather than urine? -renal artery -kidney -urethra -bladder -ureter
renal artery
Which of the following structures transports blood rather than urine? -urethra -kidney -ureter -renal artery -bladder
renal artery
The urethra serves what other body system in males? -immune -reproductive -endocrine -lymphatic -digestive
reproductive
Which type(s) of receptor is(are) found in the retina? -muscle spindles -rods and cones -olfactory cells -hair cells in ampullae -organ of Corti
rods and cones
Which type(s) of receptor is(are) found in the retina? -rods and cones -hair cells in ampullae -organ of Corti -muscle spindles -olfactory cells
rods and cones
Name the organ of the digestive tract that contains microvilli and absorbs nutrients. -large intestine -appendix -small intestine -stomach
small intestine
What is the name of the neutralizing agent, the one that neutralized the acid spill? -nitric acid -hydrochloric acid -sodium bicarbonate -hypochlorite
sodium bicarbonate
A function of the human stomach is -absorption of iron to build hemoglobin for red blood cells. -storing food and mixing food with enzymes to begin the chemical digestion of proteins. -to begin the absorption of most small food molecules, especially sugars. -to pass food from the esophagus to the large intestine. -to produce highly basic fluids to kill most bacteria.
storing food and mixing food with enzymes to begin the chemical digestion of proteins.
A function of the human stomach is -to produce highly basic fluids to kill most bacteria. -storing food and mixing food with enzymes to begin the chemical digestion of proteins. -to begin the absorption of most small food molecules, especially sugars. -absorption of iron to build hemoglobin for red blood cells. -to pass food from the esophagus to the large intestine.
storing food and mixing food with enzymes to begin the chemical digestion of proteins.
Which of the following attach muscle to bone? -sarcomere -joints -ligaments -tendons -adipose tissue
tendons
Why didn't you just clean the spill with water? -the acid freezes the water -it would pollute the water -it could ignite -the acid reacts with water
the acid reacts with water
Nitrogenous wastes are produced by -the breakdown of proteins. -the production of proteins. -the production of nucleic acids. -salts that are not incorporated in cellular metabolism. -the breakdown of complex sugars.
the breakdown of proteins.
Pregnancy occurs when -sperm are in the uterus. sperm are in the vagina. -the fertilized egg implants in the ovary. -the sperm and the egg combine. -the developing embryo implants itself in the endometrium.
the developing embryo implants itself in the endometrium.
Which of the following correctly matches a sensory receptor with its stimuli? -chemoreceptors—sense of position -proprioceptors—detection of carbon dioxide level in blood -mechanoreceptors—sense of temperature -photoreceptors—sense of "smell" -thermoreceptors—changes in temperature
thermoreceptors—changes in temperature
Which of the following types of lipids is least likely to cause cardiovascular disease? -animal fats -cholesterol -unsaturated fatty acids -trans saturated fatty acids -saturated fatty acids
unsaturated fatty acids
The tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder is the -urethra. -ureter -proximal convoluted tubule. -collecting duct. -loop of the nephron (loop of Henle).
ureter
In the human male, the tube used to carry both sperm and urine is the -vas deferens. -seminiferous tubule. -fallopian tube. -urethra. -ureter
urethra
Which portion of the antibody binds to the antigen? -constant region -heavy chain -light chain -variable region
variable region
The fingerlike projections along the surface of the small intestine are called -capillaries. -villi. -mucosa. -lacteals. -appendices.
villi
The clonal selection theory states that -T cells are stimulated by B cells to divide and form plasma cells, which secrete antibodies. -when a B or T cell is stimulated by encountering the correct antibody, it divides to form a clone of cells that will respond to the same antibody. -all B cells are exact clones of one another. -all T cells are exact clones of one another. -when a B or T cell is activated by binding to/recognizing an antigen, then that cell will be cloned into cells that recognize the same antigen.
when a B or T cell is activated by binding to/recognizing an antigen, then that cell will be cloned into cells that recognize the same antigen.
Generally only one sperm fertilizes an egg because -many sperm enter but only one set of chromosomes can fuse with the egg nucleus; the other sperm are absorbed. -when the first sperm fuses with the egg membrane, the membrane depolarizes, which blocks the entry of any other sperm. -sperm travel such a great distance that no two sperm are likely to arrive at the same time. -there is only one passageway available for a sperm to enter the egg. -sperm compete against one another before entering and only the most fit sperm is able to fertilize the egg.
when the first sperm fuses with the egg membrane, the membrane depolarizes, which blocks the entry of any other sperm.
What should you NOT do if a persons clothes suddenly catch fire? -wrap a fire blanket around a standing person -drag them under a safety shower -splash them with a bucket of water -stop them and smother the fire by rolling them on the floor
wrap a fire blanket around a standing person
_________ is vascular tissue that transports water from the roots to the shoots.
xylem