111 Final

Carpel Tunnel Syndrome can be caused by which of the following conditions?

(All of the above) Rheumatoid Arthritis, Wrist Fracture, Cumulative trauma from repeated use

The diaphragm is a muscle that can assist with:

(all the above) forced inhalation, forced exhalation, relaxed breathing.

Forward head posture and pulling of the thoracic spine into flexion, limiting the expansion of the ribs and thereby reducing the volume of air taken into the lungs is common in what scenario:

(all the above) texting on a smart phone "TV shoulders" while watching tv poor desk posture during typing

What is the BEST description of active insufficiency?

A muscle that crosses multiple joints that cannot move all of the joints through full range of motion simultaneously becasue the excursion requirement is too great

A hitchhiker puts his thumb out to indicate that he would like a ride. In which of the following positions is he holding his thumb?

Extension/Radial Abduction

The purpose of the spinal curves is:

( all of the above)to provide structural support, stability and strength for the vertebral column, to provide balance, movement, and shock absorption, to provide an upright posture.

The biceps acts to produce two movements. These are:

elbow flexion and forearm supination

shulder subluxation is always painful.

false

Which is the best example of the law of acceleration?

Objects that have more mass require more force to move.

Make a fist and look at your hand. The large row of knuckles at the base of your fingers is from which joints?

Metacarpophalangeal

What is true based on the characteristics of rotary motion?

Objects change their orientation through the course of motion.

A paralyzed person sitting in a wheelchair for extended periods of time, without a weight shift, may develop decubitus ulcers due to what?

Shear force

Which of the following is characteristic of the intrinsic hand muscles:

They originate and insert within the hand and wrist

Biomechanics can be applied to occupational therapy as a frame of reference by allowing a means for the OT practitioner to prescribe and/or design adaptive equipment to restore function.

This frame of reference is true.

In order to test gravity eliminated shoulder extension, the patient should be positioned in sidelying with the test arm supported throughout the movement.

This is a true statement.

Which of the following set of vertebra are unique in that each one has an articulating surface directed laterally to the receive ribs?

Thoracic

which of the following is one of the reasons the head must have a wide range of motion?

To position sensory organs

What is an example of compression force?

Weight bearing on the arm

When does passive insufficiency occur?

When an anatgonist muslce is too short to have enough passive stretch to allow for full movement of the joint

Which of the following is NOT a trunk (torso) movement?

abduction

A posterior pelvic tilt cause knees to

bend

The strongest muscle to perform supination is:

biceps

Even when the hand is raised above the head, the relationship that the hand has to the shoulder is that the hand is _____ to the shoulder.

distal

Often, Temporomandibular Dysfunction (TMD) is associated with:

dysfunction of the cervical spine

I pick up a small 5-pound weight that I can easily manage. I pick it up, hold it, and then put it down. In this instance, what type of contraction am I using to lower the weight?

eccentric

before providing range of motion to a person's shoulder, the first thing we should do is:

ensure proper scapular movement

Bronchyeal Tree:

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

putting your arms through the sleeves of your shirt involves which action of the elbow?

extension

An individual's center of gravity can never be outside of his/her body.

false

The respiratory systems work in combination with the digestive system to deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the organs and muscles

false

Nose/Nasal Cavity:

filters the air

During self-care for brushing your teeth, what position is your elbow in?

flexion

What movement occurs at the elbow when bringing a fork to your mouth during eating?

flexion

What are the movements of the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints?

flexion and extension

A person is standing and then sits down in a chair. What is the movement of (1) the hip and (2) the knee?

flexion and flexion

The Flexor Pollicis Brevis would produce which of the following movements?

flexion of the thumb

the most mobile of the shoulder girdle articulation is:

glenohumeral joint

What is the most basic and constant of all forces?

gravity

Tachycardia is an abnormally_________heart beat.

high

What is an example of a kinematic chain?

hip, knee, ankle

Which of the following best describes the law of action-reaction?

if a force acts on a ball and the ball remains stationary, then an equal force is also acting on the ball in the opposite direction.

infammation of the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles and the surrounding burse can cause shoulder:

impingement

An anterior pelvic tilt causes the lumbar vertebra to:

increase the natural curve

When an agonist muscle causes a concentric contraction to move a muscle through full range, what must the antagonist muscle do?

lengthen or relax

The arch that curves from the wrist to the fingertips is:

longitudial arch

An anterior convex curve of the lower back is called:

lordosis

Carpel tunnel syndrome causes compression of which of the following peripheral nerves?

median

Injury to which of the following peripheral nerves would result in loss of opposition of the thumb?

median

Coordinated sequences of muscle contraction that produces movement is controlled by

motor neurons within the central nervous system

Kinesiology is BEST described as the study o

movement and the structures involved.

A COTA is working with a patient to fully extend the right elbow. The patient is unable to get full extension because of tightness in the bicep muscles. What could this lack of range of motion be due to?

passive insufficiency

injury to which of the following peripheral nerves would result in wrist drop?

radial

When I shrug my shoulders up toward my ears, this movement is called:

scapular elevation

When I squeeze my shoulders blades together, this movement is called:

scapular retraction

The shoulder girdle articulation that is not a true anatomical joint is:

scapulothoracic joint

The curve of the spine that is always pathological is:

scoliosis

What type of lever is commonly used in tools because it provides a mechanical advantage to the force of effort by allowing it to operate on a longer moment arm?

second class

The frontal plane divides the body into front and back portions. Movement in this plane would includ

shoulder abduction

Which two ball and socket joints produce the same type of movement?

shoulder and hip

Scapulohumeral rhythm occurs between movement of the scapula and movement of the humerus in which of the following movements:

shoulder flexion

the rotator cuff muscles are an effective:

shoulder stabilizer

The most critical element in stabilization in wheelchair positioning is:

stablization of the pelvis

The skin is _____ to the muscles.

superficial

When a person is faced with an environmental crisis, their body responds with a fight-or-flight reaction in which there is an increased heart rate and blood supply to the skeletal muscles. This reaction is controlled by

sympathetic nervous system

What is an example of an open kinematic chain movement using the upper extremities?

using free weights for bicep curls

Oral Cavity:

works with the hard and soft palate to protect the airway

the Flexor Digitorum Profundus is an extrinsic muscle. What movements would this muscle cause?

wrist and finger flexion

What are the movements of a tenodesis grasp to hold onto an object?

wrist extension, finger flexion

In order to turn a round door knob to pull open a door, which movements must occur?

Finger flexion and forearm supination

Pharynx:

Guides food and air to the lungs

What us a good example of tensile force?

Hanging by your hands from a bar.

An Occupational Therapist can use 2 clinical signs to measure cardiovascular health. These are:

Heart Rate and Blood Pressure

Larynx:

Houses the voice box

Mr. Brown is a client seen for OT in his home environment due to complications of HTN and Diabetes. When performing ADL's, Mr. Brown holds his breath to put his shoes on. Why is this significant?

It can increase his blood pressure, especially when doing the Valsalva maneuver.

Which of the following statements is true regarding gravity?

It contributes to motor development in the infant.

The part of the brain that controls vegetative functions (such as breathing, temperature control, alertness) is the:

The brain stem

the Central Nervous System (CNS) is made up of:

brain and spinal cord

Which type of breathing requires more energy because of recruitment of other structures (rib cage)?

Chest Breathing

Which of the following wrist movements is actually a combination of movements?

Circumduction

What is the most common type of lever in the human body?

third class

An injury to the Central Nervous System (CNS) is critical because:

this system's cells do not regenerate once they have died

The arch that curves from the radial to the ulnar side of the hand is:

transverse arch

The primary elbow extensor is:

triceps

A combination of rotary movements at different joints allow us to move in a linear path.

true

A goniometer is an instrument used to measure range of movement around a joint.

true

Chronic diseases such as COPD or Asthma can be further impacted by poor upright posture.

true

Posture and respiration are domains that the OT practitioner can address in treatment because these are considered client factors in the OTPF-3rd Edition.

true

The center of gravity of a non-uniform object is closer to the end with the greatest mass.

true

The transverse plan divides the body into top and bottom. Therefore, the movement in this place is rotational.

true

There are only two movements of the forearm. They are pronation and supination.

true

the elbow is a hinge joint that allows movement in flexion and extension.

true

hich of the following terms does NOT pertain to the thumb or thumb side?

ulnar

Palmer creases, such as the distal and proximal palmer crease, are related to which of the following:

underlying joints

A COTA is working with a patient who is unable to feed herself due to lack of elbow flexion. Although she cannot move her elbow, the COTA can feel some muscle contraction in the biceps when the patient attempts to move. The appropriate muscle grade for this would be:

1/5

Extrinsic muscles of the hand cross a MINIMUM of how many joints?

2

A person attempts to open a jar with his/her wrist held in flexion but is unable to close their fingers tight enough to get a good grip on the jar. What is a possible explanation for this?

Active Insufficiency.

The muscle that is the prime mover of a specific movement is the

Agonist

Which is true of linear motion?

Any two points in the segment of a line move at the same speed.

Where would we expect the center of gravity of our leg to be?

At some point between the hip and knee

What position can a toddler use to promote stability when first learning to ambulate?

Bend the knees and use a wide base of support.

A person riding a bicycle runs into a two-foot-high brick wall with the front of the bike. Based on the law of inertia, what would we expect the person to do?

Continue moving forward over the wall.

When using a reacher to obtain something from a top shelf, where is the center of gravity?

Distal to the location if there were no reacher.

A muscle that feels soft and gives no resistance to being stretched is considered

Hypotonic

A friend hands me a 70-pound weight that I am able to hold although it is very heavy for me. What type of contraction am I using to hold the weight:

Isometric

which of the following best describes shoulder subluxation?

Joint becomes separated, misaligned, and partially dislocated.

The force of gravity pulls our arms down to our sides. Our arms weigh more proximally (at the shoulder) than distally (at the hand.) Therefore, when we move someone's flaccid arm into shoulder flexion, where should we support the weight of the arm?

Just above the elbow.

A COTA wants to use a splint to hold a clients' wrist in extension. S/he attempts to use a splint that pushes the fingers into extension to obtain the desired wrist extension. This is ineffective because it causes hyperextension of the fingers since they weigh less than the wrist. This is consistent with which of Newton's Laws?

Law of Acceleration

A person is balancing a one pound object in the palm of his hand, using the correct amount of force to keep it balanced. Now another one pound object is placed on top of the first one. In order to maintain the balance the person will now have to use more force. This is consistent with which of Newton's Laws?

Law of action-reaction

Which is true according to the law of inertia?

Objects stop because of an outside force.

The system that carries information to and from the Central Nervous System (CNS) is the:

Peripheral Nervous System

In the video A Day in the Life of COPD, Jan K. often had difficulty breathing following activities of daily living such as getting dressed. When she has difficulty, which Phase of Inspiration is she using to catch her breath?

Phase 3, forced inspiration

when radial wrist flexors contract at the same time as radial wrist extensors, which of the following movements is produced?

Radial deviation

The part of the brain that controls our conscious thought is:

cerebrum

When different muscle groups contract simultaneously to stabilize a joint it is called:

co-contraction or co-activation

What type of joint is the wrist joint?

condyloid joint

It is important to consider the arches and creases of the hand for:

construction of hand splints

Which is the most accurate regarding the hand:

it is a small but highly complex structure.

Some people appear to be bent over with a "hump" in the thoracic region of their spine. This condition is called:

kyphosis

When I tilt my head to the side to put my ear near my shoulder, the movement of my neck is:

lateral flexion

There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves that branch out from the brain and brain stem. The main job of these nerves is to innervate:

the head and neck

There are several different types of articulations found in the body. An example of an amphiarthrodial joint is:

the joints between the ribs and the sternum

Trachea:

the windpipe

Which of the following are regarded as thumb positioning muscles?

thenar muscles