11/29 smartbook

Select all the statements that correctly describe the viscosity of a liquid. Assume the liquid is a molecular substance.

A liquid that exhibits strong intermolecular forces will have a high viscosity. The greater the viscosity of a liquid, the less easily it will flow. Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) will have a higher viscosity than carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).

Which statement correctly describes the relationship between intermolecular forces and the vapor pressure of a substance?

A substance with weaker intermolecular forces vaporizes more easily and has a high vapor pressure.

Select the statements that correctly describe the vapor pressure of solids. Select all that apply.

All solids have characteristic vapor pressures. The vapor pressure of a solid depends on the magnitude of its intermolecular forces.

Select all the statements that define evaporation (vaporization) and condensation.

Condensation occurs when gas phase particles attract each other and enter the liquid phase. Vaporization or evaporation can occur at any temperature.

Organize the following compounds in order of increasing viscosity with the most viscous at the bottom of the list. These compounds have approximately equal molar masses.

D B C A

Which of the following properties of solids are influenced by intermolecular forces?

Hardness Vapor pressure Melting point

For compounds of similar size and/or molar mass, which attractive force would result in the highest melting point?

Ion-ion interactions

Which of the following statements correctly describe the surface tension of a liquid? Select all that apply. (Assume the liquid is a molecular substance.)

Surface tension is the amount of energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid by unit area. Surface tension is the result of a net downward and inward force on the surface particles of a liquid. A polar liquid will have a higher surface tension than a nonpolar liquid.

Which of the following factors influence whether a given substance exists as a gas, liquid, or solid? Select all that apply.

Temperature Intermolecular forces

Which statement about the vapor pressure of solids is NOT correct?

The vapor pressure of all solids is essentially negligible.

Which of the following statements correctly describe vapor pressure? Select all that apply.

Vapor pressure increases as temperature increases. The vapor pressure of a molecular substance depends on the strength of its intermolecular forces. The vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by the vapor above a liquid at equilibrium.

Which of the following properties of liquids are influenced by intermolecular forces? Select all that apply.

Viscosity Vapor pressure Surface tension

The process whereby the molecules of a liquid escape from the liquid into the gas phase is called _____ , whereas the reverse process is known as _____.

evaporation condensation

Rank the states of matter based on increasing strength of intermolecular forces, placing the state whose intermolecular forces are weakest at the top.

gas liquid solid

Use intermolecular forces to predict the relative viscosity of three liquids. Match the liquid to its relative viscosity.

hexane- least viscous ethylene glycol- most viscous propanol- viscous

An increase in temperature will cause the vapor pressure of a substance to _____.

increase

An increase in the temperature of a substance will _____ the fraction of molecules that have enough kinetic energy to escape the liquid phase and will therefore cause a(n) _____ in the vapor pressure.

increase increase

The _____ point of a solid is the temperature at which the _____ of the particles is sufficient to cause them to break free from their fixed positions.

melting energy

If a molecular substance has strong intermolecular forces, the molecules at the surface of the liquid are held _____ tightly and vaporize _____ easily than molecules with weaker intermolecular forces. The amount of substance in the vapor phase will be _____ than for molecules with weak intermolecular forces and the vapor pressure will therefore be _____.

more; less; less; lower

The energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid by a given amount is called its _____. The greater the intermolecular forces of the liquid, the larger this energy is.

surface tension

The pressure exerted by the _____ above a liquid at equilibrium is called the equilibrium _____ pressure. This pressure _____ as the temperature of the system increases.

vapor vapor increases

The measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow is called its _____. This property depends on strength of intermolecular forces as well as molecular shape, which impacts to what degree molecules entangle or slip by one another.

viscosity