11B

In Milgram's experiments, how many followed orders right up to the last switch?

60%

In a replication of Milgram's experiments, how many participants obeyed up to the highest voltage shock?

70%

Conformity

Adjusting our behavior or thinking toward some group standard

Conformity can be bad, leading people to

Agree with falsehoods or go along with bullying

When others observe us, we become

Aroused. This arousal amplifies our reactions

Social thinking is to social influence as ___ is to ____

Attribution; conformity

We are more likely to conform when we:

- Are made to feel incompetent or insecure - In a group with at least 3 people - In a group in which everyone else agrees - Admire the group's status and attractiveness - Have not already committed ourselves to any response - Know that others in the group will observe our behavior - Are from a culture that strongly encourages respect for social standards

To increase the socializing at your next event,

Choose a room or set up seating that will just barely hold all your guests

Asian, African, and Latin-American countries place a higher value on

Collectivism

Solomon Asch

Conducted famous conformity experiment that required subjects to match lines

When we adjust our own behavior or thinking so that it coincides with a group standard, we are exhibiting

Conformity

Bay of Pigs fiasco

Cuban revolutionist were trained by CIA, sent to Cuba to overthrow gov't/rebel, all killed, looks horrible on Kennedy

Comedy routines that are mildly amusing in an uncrowded room seem funnier in a

Densely packed room

We adjust our views to match the

Desires of those around us

Western Europeans and people in most English-speaking countries tend to prize

Individualism

17 countries have found lower conformity rates in

Individualist countries

What causes social loafing?

- People feel less accountable in a group - They view individual contributions as unneeded in a group - They overestimate their own contributions - They ride on others' efforts

When one follows orders or behaved similarly to one's friends, one is demonstrating the power of social ____

Influence

Normative social influence

Influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

Social control and personal control

Interact

Studies show that the home-team advantage

Is real

In a team tug-of-war, do we exert more, less, or the same effort as in a one-on-one tug-of-war?

Less

The phenomenon of social loafing means that at least in some instances, the group is _____ than the sum of its individual members

Less

Group polarization can have positive results, as when

Low-prejudice students become even more accepting while discussing racial issues

Social loafing is most common among

Men in individualist cultures

Just hearing someone reading a neutral text in either a happy or sad sounding voice creates _____ in listeners

Mood contagion

Obedience is highest when:

- The person giving the orders was close at hand and was perceived to be a legitimate authority figure - The authority figure was supported by a respected, well-known institution - The victim was depersonalized or at a distance, even in another room - There were no role models for defiance

Group polarization can feed

Extremism and even suicide terrorism

strong social influences can make people conform to

Falsehoods or give in to cruelty

Norman Triplett

First official social psychology experiment. He found that adolescents would wind a fishing reel faster in the presence of someone doing the same thing

What you do well, you are likely to do even better in

Front of an audience

Social contagion

Imitative behavior involving the spread of actions, emotions, and ideas. I.e. sneezing after someone else sneezes

Chameleon effect

Natural (unconscious) tendency to imitate other peoples speech, inflections & physical movements

Stanley Milgram

Obedience to authority; had participants administer what they believed were dangerous electrical shocks to other participants; wanted to see if Germans were an aberration or if all people were capable of committing evil actions

Groupthink is fed by

Overconfidence, conformity, self-justification, and group polarization

Social facilitation

Performing better when others are around and they are being observed. Increased arousal

Social psychology's great lesson is the enormous power of

Social influence

Group polarization

The beliefs and attitudes we bring to a group grow stronger as we discuss them with like-minded others

Groupthink

The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

Minority influence

The power of one or two individuals to sway majorities

Personal control

The power of the individual

Social control

The power of the situation

Deindividuation

The process of losing self-awareness and self-restraint, occurs in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

Social loafing

The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable. Decreased effort

Empathize

To feel what others feel

Informational social influence

When we accept others' opinions about reality

Conformity can be good, leading people to

give more generously after observing others' generosity

Among people abducted in to a violent group, those forced to perpetrate violence are most likely to then

identify with the group