12.3 Islamic Empires
Where was the Byzantine Empire?
A city strategically located on the trade routes between Europe and Asia and between the Mediterranean and the Black Sea.
Mehmed II
A famous Muslim leader who started to Ottoman Empire. He conquered the Byzantine empire
Which Caliph led this unification?
Abu Bakr (a caliph) led to this unification.
Tolerance
Accept something even if you don't agree
What features of Arabia gave Muslim merchants easy access to many parts of the world?
Arabia was in the middle of many different countries/continents so they had easy access to them. Silk road went right through Arabia.
MUGHALS LEADERS
Babur Akbar
How did the safivids expand Islamic Rule(Be Specific)
Conquered Persia and took the persian title king. Spread Shia farther. Shism official religion Built mosques and increased trade
How did the ottomans expand Islamic Rule(Be Specific)
Conquered land and had a great Ottoman Army (Janissaries)
How did the mughals expand Islamic Rule(Be Specific)
Conquered many new lands and worked to strengthen government Ended tax let culture grow
OTTOMANS LOCATION
Egypt Syria Greece Judea Arabia
SAFAVIDS LEADERS
Esma'il 'Abbas
Suleyman I
Expanded empire to its greatest width 100 years after Mehmed
Janissaries
Group of people who were christians and were converted and forced to fight in an islamic army
MUGHALS LOCATION
India
OTTOMANS LEADERS
Mehmed II Suleyman I
What 3 regions have the highest percentage of Muslims?
Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia.
What factors can explain why these areas have the lowest percentages?
More religions have developed (christianity in Europe) and they are farther from the Islamic area (South America and Oceania).
What region did the Muslims first unify?
Muslims first unified the region of Arabia.
Do you think the rules that Muslims made for conquered non-Muslims were fair? Why or Why not? (OPINION)
No because they were practically forced to follow Muslim religion after being conquered even if it was not their choice. There were so many rules it was easier if you were a Muslim. (OPINION)
Sufism
One of the 2 divisions of Islam (other side). Don't care who is the leader of Muslims. Believe that people should be leader if they are good enough and it shouldn't matter
Sunni
One of the 2 divisions of Islam (other side). Don't care who is the leader of Muslims. Believe that people should be leader if they are good enough and it shouldn't matter
Shia
One of the 2 divisions of Islam. Believed that they feel that only Muhammad's descendants should be the leader of Muslims
SAFAVIDS LOCATION
Persia Afghanistan
What is the difference between Shia and Sunni Muslims?
Shia Muslims believe that only descendents from Muhammad can be a caliph, while Sunni Muslims think anyone could.
SAFAVIDS RELIGIOUS POLICY
Shia was the official religion in Safavids
What are the 3 regions with the lowest percentage of Muslims?
South America, Oceania, and Europe
What role did armies play in spreading Islam? ( BE SPECIFIC)
The armies were very strong after the their battles in Arabia, winning many victories. They began to conquer more land and set rules for non-Muslims to live their. They were not forced to convert to Islam. As the armies conquered more land, the Berbers (a native group) at first resisted Muslim rule. After years of fighting, they eventually switched over to Islam. The armies helped spread Islam through the conquering of other places. Islam spread through the conquered land the armies conquered. Just the fact that they conquered it and are setting up schools, build new mosques, etc, is going to lead to people switching to Islam.
Abu Bakr
The first caliph after Muhammad's death
Caliph
The highest political and religious leader
Look at the Middle East. Now look at Central Asia, East Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. What do you notice about this trend?
The religion is a greater percentage in some places because of trade network (silk road).
What can you infer about why these areas have the highest percentage of Muslims?
These areas are around Arabia (center of Islam).
What did Arab Muslims gain through trade?
They got technology, gunpowder, how to make paper, crops, and grew wealthy from trade.
What were the rules that Muslims made for non-Muslims?
They were tolerant but they had to pay tax, convert others, couldn't dress like Muslims, and could not have/build a temple.
OTTOMANS RELIGIOUS POLICY
Tolerant
MUGHALS RELIGIOUS POLICY
Tolerant then strict
