130 photo history

Jabez Hughes

Divided photography into 3 categories, Mechanical photography(simple representation of objects) Art photography (where the artist infuses his/her mind into things, so that they appear in more appropriate or beautiful manner), High Art photography(pictures which aim at higher purposes..which instruct, purify, ennoble)

Robert Adams

New topographer, developed a "netural" style in contrast to Ansel Adams. influenced by early landscape photographers, in Particular Timothy O'sullvan, Wanted to call attention to mans impact on the landscape, often included signs of people in his landscapes

Bill Brandt

Distorted nudes made with extreme wide angle lens, believed he could use atmosphere to make the everyday beautiful

Annette messager

Sculpter pieces, person in nature drawn from personal archive of images

Hugh welch Diamond

Built archive of hundreds of portraits of female patients at Surrey hospital for the insane

Magnum

A co-operative formed by a group of photographers (including Capa and Bresson) with the goals of allowing member photographers to work free of editorial demands and to regain control over the use of their images

Modernism

A movement in the arts that began in the early 20th century. Modernist artists were drawn towards abstraction and subjective expression of unique (individual) interest

Post-Modernism

A movement that came to the fore in 1980's, Post-modern artists rejected modernism and in may cases returned to depicting the figure (as opposes to abstraction) and turn dot appropriating mass produced images and mining popular culture for image sources

Alphones Bertillon

A pioneer in the French Police department who developed a verbal and visual system for identifying criminals

Lewis Hine

A sociologist by training, he was drive by a desire to change the ills he saw in the the world. Known for pictures of child laborers which were used to change child labor laws. also photographed construction of Empire State Building

Picturesque

A term used to describe photographs of natural scenes that "stirred Fine thoughts and feelings in the viewer" many photographys in this mode were of the natural landscape, a result of the in cress in size of cities and growing industrialization. As a consequence nature became to be thought of as a romantic parallel to the grime of the city

Imogeen Cunningham

After Early Pictorial work took a formal, geometrical approach to photographing the nude. Also made landscapes and portraits

Andrea kertesz

Distorted nudes made with curved sheets of reflective metal

Sherrie Levine

Appropriated famous photographs in order to question the belief in the unique qualities and authenticity of photographs

Henry Peach Robinson

Argued that photography's ability to distort the truth made it viable art form. used combination printing, first success titled "faded Away" Coined the term Pictoriallsm

P.H. Emerson

Argued that selective focus (setting the lens slightly out of focus was the road to naturalistic photography

Pictoriallists

Art photographs who in the early 1900's often made soft focus pictures in order to create a pantry effect often used the gum-bichromate process

Jock Sturges

Assistant arrested for delivering nude teenager photos to lab. Accused of making child porn, work seized by police, long drawn out case, Sturges was ultimately acquitted

Robert Rauschenberg

Began as photographer, uses photos and objects in paintings and sculptures called these "combines"

Roger Fenton

British art photography who was commissioned to travel to the Crimea to make pictures of the war. Made image, the Valley of Death. Most of Fenton's images were notable for his avoidance of grisly horrors of war

Julia Margaret Cameron

British photographer who also made many staged allegorical portraits/scenes. Often used soft focus, saying she stopped focusing when the image looked beautiful to her

Robert Capa

Combat photographer, Motto, "if its not good enough you're not close enough"

Eugene Atget

Compiled encyclopedic collection of pictures of Paris. Referring to Atget's work, the critic Walter Benjamin wrote "in the documentary beauty is secondary, however one might say that the photograph becomes more than the mirror of nature and enters language." Benjamin was speaking of the ways in with photographs like Atget's could be rend and interpreted to learn a great deal, both about life in Paris at the timer and Atgets own sensibilities

Hans Bellmer

Constructed and photographed distorted mannequins added color by hand

William Jenkins

Created new Topographics, an exhibition of photographs centering on views of the "man-altered landscape." The photographers included in this exhibition all tended towards a neutral and uninflected style, often inspired by the work of early American landscape photographers

David Hockney

Criticized photography, said it doesn't accurately depict the way we see and experience the world. To this he has made photo works that are pieced together from numerous fragments

Weegee

Daily news photographer known for his hard sitting sensational style of photographing, murders, fires, disasters. Used a 4x5 speed graphic camera and a flash. Kept a police radio in his car so he could arrive at crime scenes quickly

Hippolyte Bayard

Early Self-portraits. Self Portrait of the photographer as a Drowned man

Historic Monuments Commission

Formed by the french government to make a record of all the important buildings and monuments in France

Maxime Du Camp

French Photographer went to make pictures in Egypt. Used Calotype process

Etienne Jules Marey

French Physiologist inspired by Muybridge's images took up photography to make motion studies of his own, which he called Chronophotography. Invented camera in form of a gun

Ansel Adams

Grand Views of the vest, invented the zone system, ideas of pre-visualization. one of the founders of the group f64, whose members believed that good photographs should be sharply focused from front to back

Lucas Samaras

Highly manipulated polaroid SX-70 self-Portraits

Laszlo Moholy-nagy

Hungarian born artist who saw photography as a pivotal medium. he was the first to use the term 'the new vision" to sum of his belief that photography could depict the outside world in a unique way that was completely different way the human eye saw. Instructor at the Bauhaus. Fascinated by the possibilities of photograms because he saw them as a pure form of image makings

Eugene Disderi

Invented Carte de Visite which produced 8 images on a single plate, Ran fashionable study in Paris. One of the effects of the Carte De visite was a further reduction in standards as results of the was of has-production

Wet-Collodion

Invented by F. Scoot Archer in 1851, wet-collodion produced a negative image on glass. Possessing the sharpness of the daguerrotype and the reproducibility of the Calotype, this quickly became the primary process used by photographers

Daguerreotype

Invented by Louis Daguerre, was the first photo process invented in 1839. The image was created by coating a highly polished silver copper plate. Most popular, one of kind, high degree of sharpness

Joseph Niepce

Invented heliograph, partnered with Daguerre, made first known photo graph of rooftops from his window. Titled view from window at gras

George Eastman

Invented the Kodak box camera, slogan (you push the button we do the rest) company later became known as Eastman Kodak

W.H. Fox Talbot

Invented the Talbottype(later Calotype) Salted Printing Process, Origins of negative/positive process, made many photographs of different subjects, tired to enforce patents , adding to less use of the calotype, Between 1844-1846 published a six volume set of his work titled (The Pencil of nature)

Andres Serrano

Made "piss Christ" a photograph depicting a crucifix submerged in urine. Angered conservative lawmakers who argued that the arts should not receive government funds. Pushed for the abolition of the national endowment of arts (NEA)

Man Ray

Made many nudes experimental approach, many solarizations

Life Magazine

Magazine first published in the 1930's. Featured photos-essays by noted photographers, Very popular until replaced by television as a primary source for news. Covered may wars including WWII and Vietnam War (which was referred to as the first media war) extensively

Berndt and Hill Becher

New Topographers, grid, types of buildings, structures

John coplans

Nude Self-portraits close ups great detail

Nicholas Nixon

One image each year of his wife and her sisters, revealing the changes that have taken place over many years

Frederick Sommer

Out of focus nudes, amputated foot

Edward Curtis

Photographed Native Americans, Documenting what he thought was a vanishing race

Alfred Stieglitz

Photographed New york for over thirty years, his later pictures are in the sharper focus and depict a city undergoing huge changes, new construction etc. Deep shadows, broken by patches of light, also developed idea of the equivalent, making cloud sequences that stood as metaphors for an emotional state of mind. Also believed that one image was insufficient to portray a personality. produced a portrait of Georgia O'keefe consisting of hundreds of pictures, faces, body, etc

Robert Mapplethrope

Photographed S&M gay scene as well as portraits, flowers etc. Retrospective show was cancelled at Corcoran Museum in Washington DC, but was shown in cincinnati where director is arrested for is playing photos of nude children

Harry Callahan

Photographed his wife Elenor in variety of ways, experimented with a wide range of photographic techniques

Jacob Rills

Photographed slums and tenements on Lower East Side of NYC. Hoped to promote better living conditions

Pictoriallsm

Photographic movement based on the principles of painting, particularly influenced by impressionism. Pictures were burry and nostalgic

Sandy Skoglund

Photographs elaborate sculptures she constructs for the picture

Carrie Mae Weems

Photographs of her family accompanied by written stories, driven by a belief in the importance of recording family history

Joel Peter Witkin

Photographs tableaux, often based on well known images of art history. His photographic tableaux are very painter, thus he avoided criticism from senators angered by NEA funding of controversial works

Lee Friedlander

Self Portraits, man playing visual diary, camera part of her life

Sally Mann

Pictures of her children, often nude, much debated

Andy Warhol

Pop artist, frequently incorporated photographic images in his silk screen prints

Marchel Duchamp

Prominent dada artist who made a painting titled "Nude Descending a staircase" probably inspired by photographic motion studies

August Sander

Published Antlitz der Zeit, face of times a collection of portraits made in Germany, labeled according to each person profession, type of life

Nan Goldin

Published Ballad of sexual Dependency, Visual diary, Camera part of her life

Larry Clark

Published Tusla, a book depicting the lives of a group of drug addicts in Tulsa, OK

Rober Frank

Published the americans, disenchanted with preceding generation that had entered and fought WW2 . Influenced by Walker evans. The book was very unpopular with many critics when first published because it was taken as an attack on the us and because Franks technique broke from the careful view camera aesthetic an fine printing that was popular at the time

Nadar

Real name Gaspard Felix Tournachon, ran portrait studio in paris that drew artist and literary Clientele. Believed that light was the key to photography

The Farm security Administration

Run by Roy Stryker who hired many photographers to make pictures of the rural poor during the great Depression. the intention was to provide information to the general population about the difficulties suffered in rural areas, and to show how the government was helping

John Mayall

Said" Indeality is unattainable and imagination supplanted by the presence of fact" He was one of the many voices critical of photography's perceived ability to only record facts and not enter the realm of imagination/art

Aaron siskind

Shifted from a documentary style to making abstract "painterly" pictures which he described as psychological in nature

Gary Winogrand

Street photographer known for his images of daily life unfolding. His apparently random style, and his tendency to shoot hundreds/thousands of rolls of film has prompted criticism, believed that the camera neither lies nor tells the truth, rather it transforms the world

Diane Arbus

Taught by Lisette Model, portraits of "freaks," often disturbing. Accused by Susan Sontag of seeing all her subjects as "freaks"

Wendy Ewald

Taught photography to children in Appalachia and around the world, the work from Appalachia is notable in particular for the direct approach of the photographs and the children's honest and lack of inhibitions

Camera obscura

The camera obscura was used as a drawing aid by artist, the portable camera obscura was made in the 16th century

Leica

The first 35mm camera, invented in 1925, it offered fast shutter speeds, fast film advance, excellent image quality and great portability

Autochromes

The first color photographic process, one of a kind image on glass, was invented by the Lumiere brothers

Albert Londe

Used Multi Camera setup to make pictures sequences of patients in the midst of epileptic and hysterical fits

Minor White

Used the Idea of equivalent to make images both abstract and representational. Believed that photography could be used a path to mystical experiences and spiritual growth.

Henri Cartier Bresson

Worked as a photo-Journalist, First used the term "the decisive moment" to refer to his goal of releasing the shutter at the climatic moment where form and content are equally powerful and perfect harmony

Guillame Duchenne De Boulogne

Worked with Adrien Tournachon on a physiognomy book designed to prove that facial expressions are mechanically produced

Cindy Sherman

has photographed herself in a continually changing range of female characters, roles and personalities. In so doing she created a huge catalog of types of late 20th century women. her early work drew on influence of black and white film stills

Dough and Mike Starn

large Scale photographic pieces, scratched, torn, toned

D.O. Hill and Robert Adamson

made Calotypes in Scotland, mostly portraits, often of fisherman and their families, and scenic views. Used natural light outdoors making them striking use of light and shadows

Edward Steichen

made Cityscapes and natural landscapes using the gun-bichromate process achieving a painterly effect. One of the nest remembered of these images is the Flatiron Building in New york city

E. J. Bellocq

made a large collection of photographs of prostitutes in new orleans. many of the glass plates have been scratched or defaced

Calotype

made by william henry fox talbot and announced after the Daguerreotype, Greek meaning beautiful type, was a negative image on paper, it was less popular than the Daguerrotype because it was less sharp but it could make multiple images, in the early days calotypes were printed using the salted paper process, some photographers preferred the less sharp image because it was more artistic than the daguerrotype

Hanna Wilke

made performance like self-portraits "flaunting" her beauty, later made self-portraits of her battle with cancer

Christian Boltanski

memory and forgetting, sculptural pieces, draws on archives

Film and Photo

name of the international exhibition hung in Stuttgart, Germany, 1929. It was in Germany in particular that many believed that art would play a big party in Post WWI reconstruction efforts. While machines has caused much of the devastation during the war, it was also believed that machines could be used to rebuild society. Photography, as an art made with a machine, began to take a more central role in creative activity

Dada

named used by artists and performers that emerged in Europe during WWI. Driven by the disenchantment with the mainstream societal Values and Desire to overthrow established approaches to both art and life they experimented with nontraditional materials and techniques and reviled in nonsense and absurd

Sigmar Polke

painter who is interested in the way that photographs change over time to this end he frequently improperly fixes his prints, rendering them unstable

Gerhard Richter

painter, made atlas, catalog of his interests and ideas over time

Emmet Gowin

photographed his wife edith and her family

Walker Evens

photographed the USA compiled of images of the USA through an accumulation of details, Fascinated by the images of popular culture. Described by some as "pop art" before the term pop art was used. Published American Photographs in 1938

Edward Weston

photographed the nude throughout his career using many different approaches. These included starkly abstract images and more sensual "portraits" some made in nature

Francesca Woodman

self portraits made as a student at RISD

Appropriation

use of pre-existing images (made by someone else) in artwork