17 C Classes of Elements

Three advantages of using fuel cells for propelling cars with the technology of today:

-an unlimited source of fuel (hydrogen from water) -clean combustion (emits only steam) -higher efficiency than gasoline engines

Two disadvantages of using fuel cells for propelling cars with the technology of today:

-general lack of "hydrogen stations" to refuel -potentially hazardous methods of storing hydrogen now available

What does hydrogen have in common with alkali metals?

It does have one valence electron, which is true for the other elements in Group 1A.

What do neutral atoms of these elements in a particular family have in common?

Neutral atoms of the elements in the A groups have the same number of valence electrons.

What element in the first column of the periodic table is not one of the alkali metals?

The element hydrogen is not an alkali metal.

How can you identify the elements in a family on the periodic table?

The elements in a family lie in a vertical column of the periodic table.

How is an element's period related to its electron configuration?

The number of the period indicates the number of main energy levels in those atoms. It also indicates which level the valence electrons occupy in the neutral atom.

Why are the noble gases very stable and reluctant to bond with other elements?

They have a complete set of valence electrons.

Why are metalloids important to modern technology?

They have properties that are somewhat between those of metals and nonmetals. They are used in semiconductors, which are manufactured into integrated circuits.

Identify the family name and the number or range of valence electrons for neutral atoms, using the periodic table: potassium (K)

alkali metal, 1

Why do metals have similar properties?

because nearly all metals have just a few loosely held valence electrons.

Identify the family name and the number or range of valence electrons for neutral atoms, using the periodic table: thallium (Tl)

boron, 3

Identify the family name and the number or range of valence electrons for neutral atoms, using the periodic table: tin (Sn)

carbon, 4

Neutral, unbonded elements in the same ______________ of the periodic table have the same number of valence electrons.

column or family or group

Identify the family name and the number or range of valence electrons for neutral atoms, using the periodic table: astatine (At)

halogen, 7

Metals have similar physical and chemical properties or vary considerably in their physical and chemical properties.

have similar physical and chemical properties

Elements in the same group have similar properties or vary dramatically in properties.

have similar properties

Identify the family name and the number or range of valence electrons for neutral atoms, using the periodic table: antimony (Sb)

nitrogen, 5

Identify the family name and the number or range of valence electrons for neutral atoms, using the periodic table: radon (Rn)

noble gas, 8

How are nonmetals different from metals?

nonmetals exist as solids, liquids, and gases at room temperature. Solid non metals form brittle crystals, which can shatter easily. Nonmetals are poor conductors and have a variety of colors. Six of the nonmetals are inert gases, while the rest tend to be somewhat-to-highly reactive. thee properties differ from metals because nonmetals hold their valence electrons more tightly.

Identify the family name and the number or range of valence electrons for neutral atoms, using the periodic table: oxygen (O)

oxygen, 6

What are metalloids?

they are the half dozen elements that lie between the metals and nonmetals.

Identify the family name and the number or range of valence electrons for neutral atoms, using the periodic table: tungsten (W)

transition metal, 1-2

Metals conduct electricity and heat well because they have loosely bound ___________ ____________.

valence electrons

Nonmetals have similar physical and chemical properties or vary considerably in their physical and chemical properties.

vary considerably in their physical and chemical properties

Elements in the same period have similar properties or vary dramatically in properties.

vary dramatically in properties from left to right

How are the uses for each of the elements fulfilling the Creation Mandate?

we are using the materials of creation to improve the human condition through better products and services. Learning about them return glory to their Creator.

The majority of the elements are __________________.

metals