2. Sophia - Human Biology (3) - Unit 2

Which of the following statements is true? A ligament connects a muscle to the bone. A tendon connects a muscle to the bone. A tendon connects two bones. A tendon connects two muscles.

A tendon connects a muscle to the bone.

Which of the following is required for muscle contraction? Magnesium Calcium Sodium Zinc

Calcium

Which kind of joint allows for only slight movement? Cartilaginous Sutured Synovial Fibrous

Cartilaginous

Which of the following injuries involves a bone that has broken into two pieces? Complete fracture Simple fracture Compound fracture Common fracture

Complete fracture

Which of the following is NOT a key symptom of carpal tunnel syndrome? Numbness and tingling in the fingers Inflammation of tendons in the wrist Pain in the wrist and hand Deterioration of the carpal bones

Deterioration of the carpal bones

joseph is planning on participating in a triathlon.Which of the following is true based on this scenario? He will be using mostly white skeletal muscle since they contract quickly and will allow him to move fast. He will be using mostly red skeletal muscles so that his long duration of activity can be sustained. He will be using mostly white skeletal muscles because they contain the most mitochondria and produce the most energy. He will be using an equal combination of red and white skeletal muscle.

He will be using mostly red skeletal muscles so that his long duration of activity can be sustained.

Which of the following body parts is included in the appendicular skeleton? Hips Backbone Head Chest

Hips

Which of these accurately describes the change in the muscle cells of a person running a marathon? Increase in the number of skeletal muscles Decrease in myoglobin Decrease in the number of mitochondria Increase in myoglobin

Increase in myoglobin

When a skeletal muscle contracts, what term is used for the end of the muscle that is attached to a moveable bone? Insertion Extensor Tendon Origin

Insertion

Which of these is true for reciprocal innervation? It controls the muscles that work against one another. It occurs in all types of muscles. It allows the muscles to contract with more force. It occurs in synergistic contraction.

It controls the muscles that work against one another.

what is the role of sarcoplasmic reticulum in the muscle cells? It produces ATP molecules for muscle function. It pulls the muscle fibers close to each other. It causes repeated muscle twitch. It helps store and pump calcium ions.

It helps store and pump calcium ions.

What does red bone marrow do? It produces white blood cells only. It produces red blood cells only. It produces red and white blood cells. It converts itself to yellow marrow when necessary.

It produces red and white blood cells.

Which of the following represents an involuntary muscle contraction? Roxanne goes for a walk to stimulate her muscles the day after finishing a marathon. Maureen's pupils narrow in response to bright light. Jude turns the page of a book he's reading. Michael swats a fly away from his food.

Maureen's pupils narrow in response to bright light.

A gymnast couldn't bend his knees after an accident. His doctors told him that the reason behind this is a tear in the knee muscle. Which of these muscle system disorders best represents the condition of the gymnast's knees? Muscular dystrophy Muscle strain Tetanus Atrophy

Muscle strain

What helps an information signal to cross a synapse and enter the muscular system? Nerve impulse Neurotransmitter Sodium Calcium

Neurotransmitter

Which of the following factors contributes to a condition like osteoporosis? Too much calcium intake Not enough sleep Too much exercise Not enough exercise

Not enough exercise

Which of the following is characteristic of long bone growth? Occurs on the ends, but not in the middle Occurs in the middle at first, then at both ends Occurs in the ends at first, then in the middle Occurs in the middle, but not in the ends

Occurs in the middle at first, then at both ends

Which of the following is a condition characterized by the wearing away of cartilage between joints? Osteoporosis Inflammation Carpal tunnel syndrome Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis

Which of the following is released by the brain when there is too little calcium in the blood? Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Osteoblasts Calcitonin Osteoclasts

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Which of the following best characterizes red skeletal muscles? Red skeletal muscles are also sometimes referred to as "fast skeletal muscles" or "fast-twitch skeletal muscles." An olympic sprinter is highly reliant on red skeletal muscle because they contract very quickly for a short period of time. Red skeletal muscles contract more slowly than white skeletal muscles because they contain fewer mitochondria. Red skeletal muscles, such as those in your legs and back, allow for longer sustained activities such as standing, walking or running.

Red skeletal muscles, such as those in your legs and back, allow for longer sustained activities such as standing, walking or running.

Which type of muscle is most common in the human body? It depends on the person Smooth Skeletal Cardiac

Skeletal

the bicep and tricep are an example of which kind of muscle? Smooth Skeletal Both skeletal and smooth Cardiac

Skeletal

Which type of muscle makes up blood vessels? None--blood vessels are not muscles Skeletal Smooth Cardiac

Smooth

Which of the following involves ligaments being stretched too far or torn? Compound fractures Simple fractures Complete fractures Sprains and strains

Sprains and strains

Which kind of joint allows the arm to bend? Cartilaginous Suture Synovial Fibrous

Synovial

Anabolic steroids, a synthetic substance that athletes sometimes use to build muscles, mimic which hormone in the human body? Human growth hormone Myosin Testosterone Creatine

Testosterone

__________ is the sustained contraction of muscle fibers caused by exposure to microbes. Muscular dystrophy Atrophy Tetanus Muscle spasm

Tetanus

Which of the following body parts are contained in the pelvic girdle? The left leg The rib cage The left arm The head

The left leg

Which of the following statements is true of the appendicular skeleton? The pelvic girdle includes the hips and lower spine. The pelvic girdle includes the shoulders, arms, and hands. The pectoral girdle includes the legs and feet. The pectoral girdle includes the shoulders, arms and hands.

The pectoral girdle includes the shoulders, arms and hands..

Select the true statement about anabolic steroids. They are a synthetic substance manufactured to mimic human growth hormones that athletes sometimes use to promote bone growth. They are a substance that occurs naturally in muscle tissue and are sometimes consumed as a supplement by weight trainers. They are a synthetic substance manufactured to mimic testosterone that athletes sometimes use to build muscles. They are a protein naturally found in muscles that binds to oxygen from the blood, which working muscles need in order to function.

They are a synthetic substance manufactured to mimic testosterone that athletes sometimes use to build muscles.

Which information about muscle cramps is true? They are caused by a deficiency of potassium in the body.They are voluntary contractions of muscles that release immediately. They are caused by a deficiency of calcium in the body.They are voluntary contractions of muscles that release immediately. They are caused by a deficiency of calcium in the body.They are involuntary contractions of muscles that do not release immediately. They are caused by a deficiency of potassium in the body.They are involuntary contractions of muscles that do not release immediately.

They are caused by a deficiency of potassium in the body.They are involuntary contractions of muscles that do not release immediately.

Which of these is true about the sarcomere? They contain motor neurons. They contain axons and dendrites. They contain actin and myosin. They contain neurotransmitters.

They contain actin and myosin.

Which of the following best characterizes white skeletal muscles? They require more energy and thus contain more mitochondria than red skeletal muscles. They fatigue more quickly than red skeletal muscles. Most muscles in your body are white skeletal muscles. They contain large amounts of myoglobin.

They fatigue more quickly than red skeletal muscles.

Why do bones undergo remodeling? To constantly replace dying bone cells To change shape in response to environmental factors To correct calcium levels in the bloodstream To redistribute calcium from stronger bones to weaker bones

To correct calcium levels in the bloodstream

Which exercise will help build larger and stronger muscles? Yoga Weightlifting Swimming Biking

Weightlifting

Which of the following statements is true? Yellow bone marrow can convert to red bone marrow. Yellow bone marrow produces red and white blood cells. Yellow bone marrow is only found in children. Yellow bone marrow stores proteins.

Yellow bone marrow can convert to red bone marrow.

Which of these describes a strain? a.) Muscle fiber tears or stretches too far b.) Muscle tissue grows uncontrollably c.) Muscle tissue doesn't grow from exercise d.) Muscle tissue shrinks

a.) Muscle fiber tears or stretches too far

Which of the following is released by the thyroid gland when too much calcium is present in blood? a.)Calcitonin b.)Osteoblasts c.)Parathyroid hormone (PTH) d.)Osteoclasts

a.)Calcitonin

__________ released from a cellular storage system allows actin filaments to bind to myosin filaments. a.)Calcium b.)ATP c.)Magnesium d.)Potassium

a.)Calcium

Which of the following does the muscular system do? a.)Produce body heat b.)Fight viral infection c.)Produce signal hormones d.)Sense external stimuli

a.)Produce body heat

Which of the following injuries involves a bone that has cracked without any pieces becoming separated? a.)Simple fracture b.)Common fracture c.)Complete fracture d.)Compound fracture

a.)Simple fracture

What kind of joint is found in the human elbow? a.)Synovial b.)Cartilaginous c.) Suture d.)Fibrous

a.)Synovial

Children tend to have more __________ bone marrow, most of which becomes __________ bone marrow as they become adults. a.)red; yellow b.)calcified; fatty c.)fatty; calcified d.)yellow; red

a.)red; yellow

Some muscle groups work ________, meaning one muscle in the group opposes the action of the other. aerobically synergistically antagonistically anaerobically

antagonistically

Which of these describes atrophy? a.) Muscle tissue tears b.) Muscle tissue shrinks c.) Muscle tissue grows uncontrollably d.) Muscle tissue doesn't grow from exercise

b.) Muscle tissue shrinks

How many segments does the spine have? a.)Varies from person to person b.)5 c.)4 d.)1

b.)5

Which of these are the proteins that make up muscle fibers? a.)Actin and leptin b.)Actin and myosin c.)Leptin and tubulin d.)Myosin and tubulin

b.)Actin and myosin

Which of these is true of tetanus? a.)It is caused by continual muscle contractions due to disruptions in the circulatory system. b.)It can cause death through paralysis of the heart. c.)It is a genetic disorder. d.)It is the result of a fungal infection.

b.)It can cause death through paralysis of the heart.

What are long chains of myofilaments called? a.)Myofilament chains b.)Myofibrils c.)Sarcomere d.)Biceps

b.)Myofibrils

What part of the muscle is more stationary? a.)Smooth b.)Origin c.)All parts do equal amounts of work d.)Insertion

b.)Origin

Which of the following conditions involves the rapid loss of calcium from the bones? a.)Strain b.)Osteoporosis c.) Carpal tunnel syndrome d.)Osteoarthritis

b.)Osteoporosis

Which of the following statements is true? a.)Red skeletal muscles, also called short skeletal muscles, are capable of sustained contraction over a long period of time. b.)Red skeletal muscles, also called slow skeletal muscles, are capable of sustained contraction over a long period of time. c.)White skeletal muscles, also called short skeletal muscles, are capable of sustained contraction over a long period of time. d.)White skeletal muscles, also called long skeletal muscles, are capable of sustained contraction over a long period of time.

b.)Red skeletal muscles, also called slow skeletal muscles, are capable of sustained contraction over a long period of time.

Which of the following represents a voluntary muscle contraction? a.)Monique's leg kicks upward after her knee is tapped with a medical hammer. b.)Robert kicks a soccer ball into the goal. c.)Patrick's heart rate increases as he reaches the top of a flight of stairs. d.)Alexandra breathes while concentrating on her homework.

b.)Robert kicks a soccer ball into the goal.

Where in the body is cardiac muscle found? a.)The heart and lungs b.)The heart only c.)The heart and blood vessels d.)The major arteries only

b.)The heart only

__________ and __________ are proteins found on actin, which play a role in muscle contractions. a.)Troponin; myosin b.)Troponin; tropomyosin c.)Myosin; calcium d.)Myosin; tropomyosin

b.)Troponin; tropomyosin

Troponin and tropomyosin on actin filaments play a role in the binding of actin to __________. a.)calcium b.)myosin c.)neurotransmitters d.)protein

b.)myosin

acetylcholine, a __________, carries chemical signals from the ends of a motor neuron, across a synapse and to a muscle fiber. This sets the stage for events that lead to muscle contractions. a.)neuromuscular junction b.)neurotransmitter c.)hormone d.)sarcomere

b.)neurotransmitter

Anabolic steroids are testosterone supplements that are used to __________. normalize menstrual cycles build muscle mass quickly reduce hair loss improve the functioning of the liver

build muscle mass quickly

Which of the following best describes osteoclasts? a.) Cells that are star-shaped and form rings around the channels of long bones b.) Channels in bones through which blood vessels run c.) Cells that dissolve bone to increase blood calcium levels d.) Cells that deposit minerals and fibers to build bones

c.) Cells that dissolve bone to increase blood calcium levels

Which of the following statements about muscle building is associated with strength training? a.) Jogging every morning will increase the number of blood capillaries. b.) Muscle tissues built from cross-country skiing will contain more oxygen-binding myoglobin. c.) Lifting weights regularly increases muscle size. d.) Training for a 10K race increases the number of mitochondria in muscle fibers.

c.) Lifting weights regularly increases muscle size.

Aerobic exercise works muscles at a slow enough rate that the body can keep them supplied with oxygen. Which of the following are results of aerobic exercise? a.) There is a reduction in the number of mitochondria. b.) More myofibrils are formed. c.) Mitochondria increase in number and size. d.) The number of blood capillaries decreases.

c.) Mitochondria increase in number and size.

What is secreted by the parathyroid glands when blood calcium levels are too low? a.) Osteoclast b.) Calcitonin c.) Parathyroid hormone d.) Osteoblast

c.) Parathyroid hormone

Which of the following statements is true? a.)Red skeletal muscles are the most efficient because they can contract very quickly and for long periods of time. b.)Your bicep is an example of white skeletal muscle. c.) White skeletal muscles have fewer mitochondria, and thus contain less energy for sustained contractions. d.)The muscles in your hand that allow you to write are examples of red skeletal muscles.

c.) White skeletal muscles have fewer mitochondria, and thus contain less energy for sustained contractions.

when there is too little calcium in the blood, __________ break(s) down new bone tissue. a.) osteoblasts b.) the calcitonin c.) osteoclasts d.) the parathyroid hormone

c.) osteoclasts

How many bones come together to make up the spine? a.)5 b.)12 c.)33 d.)Varies from person to person

c.)33

Which of the following statements correctly describes the composition of a myosin filament? a.)A double head with no tail b.)A single tail with a single head c.)A single tail with a double head d.)A double tail with a double head

c.)A single tail with a double head

Which type of motion allows the arms to be moved away from and toward the body? a.)Circumduction b.)Flexion and extension c.)Abduction and adduction d.)Supination and pronation

c.)Abduction and adduction

Which of the following is the basic unit of muscle contraction? a.)Myofibrils b.)Outer sheath c.)Sarcomere d.)Origin

c.)Sarcomere

A rise in __________ released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum allows actin to bind to myosin and cause a contraction, which requires __________ energy. oxygen; kinetic oxygen; ATP calcium; kinetic calcium; ATP

calcium; ATP

__________ fracture, in which the bone shatters and causes soft tissue damage to the surrounding area, is the most serious type of bone fracture. compound complete simple None of the above

compound

Which of the following functions corresponds with osteoblasts? a.) Double layer membrane that stores fat and produces blood cells b.) Cells that move calcium from bone to the blood stream in order to maintain homeostasis c.) Double layer membrane that encloses bone d.) Cells that deposit collagen and other proteins to promote bone growth

d.) Cells that deposit collagen and other proteins to promote bone growth

Which of the following components of muscle has no change as a result of aerobic exercise? a.) Myoglobin b.) Blood capillaries c.) Mitochondria d.) Myofibrils

d.) Myofibrils

Which of the following statements is true? a.)White skeletal muscles allow for long, sustained activities. b.)White skeletal muscles have more myoglobin and capillaries than red skeletal muscles. c.)White skeletal muscles contract very slowly. d.) White skeletal muscles have less blood supplied to them, therefore they can only contract for short amounts of time.

d.) White skeletal muscles have less blood supplied to them, therefore they can only contract for short amounts of time.

How many pairs of ribs are in the human skeleton? a.)8 b.)Varies from person to person c.)16 d.)12

d.)12

Which of the following statements is true? a.) "Tendon" and "ligament" are two words for the same thing. b.)A tendon connects two bones. c.)A ligament connects muscles to the bone. d.)A ligament connects two bones.

d.)A ligament connects two bones.

Which of the following injuries involves a torn ligament or tendon? a.)Dislocation b.)Strain c.) Carpal tunnel syndrome d.)Sprain

d.)Sprain

Weight lifting would have the largest effect on your __________ muscle fibers. This type of activity produces more __________, which makes muscles larger and stronger. fast or white; myofibrils slow or red; myofibrils fast or white; myoglobin slow or red; myoglobin

fast or white; myofibrils

When there is too ________ calcium in the blood, the brain releases a chemical called ________, which causes osteoblasts to build new bone tissue. much; calcitonin little; calcitonin little; parathyroid hormone much; parathyroid hormone

much; calcitonin

The image is showing the _________ of muscle contraction. repeated stimulation sliding filament mechanism calcium release fiber bundling

sliding filament mechanism

Some muscle groups work __________, meaning the muscles work together to increase force or add stability to another muscle. anaerobically antagonistically aerobically synergistically

synergistically

The origin and the insertion are made up of __________. myofibrils smooth muscle tendons ligaments

tendons