2021 HESI- Endocrine
Which metabolic manifestations are likely to be observed in a client with hypothyroidism? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. 1-Impaired memory 2-Intolerance to cold 3-Difficulty breathing 4-Decreased blood pressure 5-Decreased body temperature
- 2, 4, 5 - Cold intolerance and decreased body temperature are the metabolic manifestations observed in a client with hypothyroidism. Impaired memory is the neuromuscular manifestation of hypothyroidism. Difficulty in breathing is the pulmonary manifestation observed in the client with hypothyroidism. Decreased blood pressure is the cardiovascular manifestation observed in the client with hypothyroidism.
In which order do the events of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion stimulated by plasma osmolarity occur? 1.Plasma osmolarity is increased. 2. Osmoreceptors are activated. 3.Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is released. 4.Water is reabsorbed from renal tubules. 5.Extracellular fluid is decreased.
-5,1,2,3,4 -Decrease in extracellular fluid increases the plasma osmolarity. This increased plasma osmolarity activates the osmoreceptors. These osmoreceptors stimulate the release of ADH. The water is reabsorbed from the renal tubules and urine becomes more concentrated when ADH is released.Test-Taking Tip: In this question type, you are asked to prioritize (put in order) the options presented. For example, you might be asked the steps of performing an action or skill such as those involved in medication administration.
The nurse is educating a client about managing hypoglycemia unawareness. Which information would the nurse provide? A-Refrain from alternative testing sites. B-Use any available meter to monitor levels. C-Initiate continuous blood glucose monitoring. D-Calibrate the meter before managing hypoglycemia.
-A -When the client is managing hypoglycemia, the same site should be used to obtain blood glucose levels. This provides consistent readings because blood glucose levels are changing rapidly. The client should use his or her meter to monitor blood glucose levels for consistency. Continuous blood glucose monitoring should be implemented when the client is stable, not during hypoglycemic episodes. The client should calibrate the meter once a day, but not when hypoglycemic. The client needs a meter that can provide instant results without waiting for tests to be performed on the meter itself.
Which hormones are released by the hypothalamus? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A-Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) B-Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) C-Melanocyte-inhibiting hormone (MIH) D-Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) E-Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
-C,D,E -The hypothalamus is a small area of nerve and endocrine tissue located beneath the thalamus in the brain. MIH, CRH, and GHRH are released by the hypothalamus. FSH and TSH are released by the anterior pituitary gland.
Which hormone is released from the pancreas? A-Oxytocin B-Prolactin C-Calcitonin D-Somatostatin
-D - Somatostatin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that inhibits the release of insulin and glucagon. Oxytocin is a hormone produced by the posterior pituitary gland that acts on the uterus and mammary glands. Prolactin is a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that targets the ovaries and mammary glands in women and testes in men. Calcitonin is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that interacts with bone tissue.
Which information would the nurse provide a client with diabetes mellitus (DM) regarding alcohol consumption? A-Before meals B-One drink per week C-Complete abstinence D-With or shortly after meals
-D -A person with DM should only drink alcohol with or shortly after meals to prevent alcohol-induced delayed hypoglycemia. Alcohol should not be consumed before meals. The client with DM does not need to limit to one drink per week nor completely abstain from drinking.Test-Taking Tip: Key words or phrases in the stem of the question such as first, primary, early, or best are important. Similarly, words such as only, always, never, and all in the alternatives are frequently evidence of a wrong response. As in life, no real absolutes exist in nursing; however, every rule has its exceptions, so answer with care.
A deficiency in which hormone reduces the growth of axillae and pubic hair in female clients? A-Growth hormone B-Antidiuretic hormone C-Thyroid-stimulating hormone D-Adrenocorticotropic hormone
-D -An adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency causes a reduced growth of axillae and pubic hair in women. A growth hormone deficiency causes decreased muscle strength and decreased bone density. An antidiuretic hormone deficiency causes excessive urine output and a low urine specific gravity. A thyroid-stimulating hormone deficiency results in hirsutism and menstrual abnormalities.
The nurse cares for a client with an abnormal cortisol level. The nurse recalls which information about cortisol? A-Cortisol metabolizes free fatty acids. B-Cortisol stimulates gluconeogenesis. C-Cortisol stimulates protein synthesis. D-Cortisol levels decline in stressful conditions.
-b - Cortisol maintains the blood glucose concentration by stimulating the liver for gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis involves formation of glucose from amino acids and fatty acids. Cortisol mobilizes free fatty acids and inhibits protein synthesis. The blood levels of cortisol increase in stressful conditions.