2.1 Nouns, Pronouns, and Agreements

Forming most plural nouns; what are the four rules?

1. add (s) to make most nouns plural 2. add (es) to most nouns that end in ch, sh, s, x or z 3. when a noun ends in a consonant and y, change the y to (I) and ad (es) 4. when a noun ends in f or fe, change the (f) or (fe) to a (v) and ad (es)

consonant

A speech sound that is not a vowel.

adjective

A word that describes a noun... {pretty} flower the {kind} man

preposition

A word which precedes a noun or pronoun to show the noun or pronouns relationship to another word in the sentence. E.G. "it is a container {for} butter." {for, with, through, to, etc.}

singular subject pronouns

I - You - he, she, it

Noun

Names a person, place, thing, idea, or action

verb

a word or phrase that shows action, or a condition.

possessive nouns (2 kinds) {what is the first?}

acts like an adjective (a word that describes a noun) because it is always used before a noun. E.G. "(Ms. Ellis) is in tune with the members of {her}[community] and (their) interests.

exception to nouns that end in o; when making plural

for some nouns that end in (o), add (es)

possessive noun tip

if the noun can be placed in a phrase with "of" as in "the keys of the tenants" or "the hours of the manager," then the noun is possessive and needs an apostrophe.

singular object pronouns

me - you - him, her, it

singular {non adjective like} possessive nouns

mine - yours - his, hers, its

singular {adjective like} possessive nouns that come before nouns

my - your - his, her, its

irregular nouns

nouns that do not follow any rules

plural {non adjective like} possessive nouns

ours - yours - theirs

plural {adjective like} possessive nouns that come before nouns

out - your - their

reflexive pronouns

refer back to the subject of the sentence. they end in {-self} or {-selves} E.g. I decided to treat {myself}. You should treat {yourself} too. E.g. They gave {themselves} a raise. We should give {ourselves} credit for a job well done.

possessive nouns

show ownership

plural

the form of a word that means more than one

singular

the form of a word that means one

antecedent

the noun that a pronoun replaces. E.g. {Ben} is very eager, but (he) needs to slow down and work carefully. {(he) refers to the antecedent {Ben}}

an object pronoun can also be used as

the object of a preposition. {me, you, him, her, it; us, you, them.} E.G. "Lana gave her thanks to [the voters]. She was greateful to {them}.

object pronoun

the object of the verb in a sentence. the object may directly receive the action of the verb.

an object pronoun may also tell

to whom or for whom the action is done. E.G. the majority of the voters chose *Lana*. they gave *her* they're vote.

plural object pronouns

us - you - them

subject pronouns

use subject pronouns in place of the subject of a sentence.

possessive nouns (2 kinds) {what is the second}

used on its own, not before a noun. E.g. Her position closely reflects {theirs.} We hope it is {yours} too.

possessive pronouns (use)

used the same way as possessive nouns: to indicate ownership. with possessive pronouns however you {do not use an apostrophe.}

plural subject pronouns

we - you - they

pronouns

words that take place of nouns. replacing a noun with a pronoun makes writing less repetitive. pronouns change form depending on how you use them in a sentence.