24.4 British take over India
purdah definition
the isolation of women in separate quarters.
What was the main goal of the East India Company in India?
to make money and make the leading officials rich. However, they did improve roads, preserve the peace and reduce banditry
How did British change India's economy?
Britain saw India as a market and a source of raw materials. British built railroads and roads so they had improved transportation for their goods. New methods of communication such as the telegraph gave British better control of India. British trade soared after the Suez canal was open. However, it wa not an equal partnership. The British put in inexpensive machine made textiles and ruined India's hand weaving industry.
What was the Sepoy Rebellion?
Due the Indian issue with loading the rifle, anrgy sepoys rose up against their British officers. The Sepoy rebellion swept across nothern and central India. Several sepoy regiments marched to Delhi declaring the last Mughal ruler as their leader. The sepoy brutally massacred British men, women and children. However, the British did crush the revolt. The British torched villages and slaughtered thousands of Indians
What old Indian cultures did Ram Mohun Roy believe in?
He believed in the Indian traditions of the rigid caste distincitions, child mariages, sati and purdah
Ram Mohun Roy
He is a great scholar who felt that India could learn from the West. He was a founder of Hindu College in Calcutta which provided an English style education to Indians. Many of the graduates went on to establish English schools all over the regions. Roy saw the value of Western education but he also wanted to reform traditional Indian culture.
What did British historian Thomas Macaulay write?
He wrote that a "single shelf of a good European lilbrary is worth the whole native literature of India and Arabia"
How did British change India's agriculture?
I encouraged nomadic herders to settle into farming and pushed farmers to grow cash crops, such as cotton and tea, that could be sold on the world market. Clearing farmlands led to deforestation
What did they call India an British corportion in the British raj?
India was British "brightest jewel" in the crown of their empire
How were the British able to conquer India?
India was home to many religions, people and different cultures. As Mughal power declined, India became divided and were not able to unite against new combers. The British took advantage of Indian divisions by encouraging competition. If the competition did not work Britain used their military to overpower rulers.
sepoy definition
Indian soldiers who served in the British army. They served in India and overseas. However, for high caste Hindus, overseas travel was an offense against their religion.
What is the Indian National Congress?
It is also called the Congress party. The Indian naturalist leaders organized this Congress to bring peaceful protests to gain their ends. They called for greater democracy which would give more power to the Indians. They wanted self rule but supported keeping the western ideas.
Population growth and famine in India, British rule caused this probelm
The British introduced medical improvement and new farming methods. This led to a rapid increase in the population. With the farming going to cash crops to be sold world wide instead of food for the people of India, there was a terrible famine, lack of food, in India
Why were the Indians refusing to load their rifles?
The British issued new rifles that required the sepoys to bite off teh tips of cartridges before loading the rifles. The cartridges were greased with animal fat. Either cow fat which Hindus considered sacred or pig fat which where forbidden by Muslims. If they refused to load their rifles, they were put in a prison.
Although the Soviet Union has broken apart, Russia still....
maintains interests in the affairs of former Soviet states and will use military force to keep them in line.
What did the Sepoy Revolution leave after it was crushed?
1. Left fear, hatred and mistrust between British and Indians. 2. It also brought major changes to British policy. The parlilament put an end to the rule of the East India Compay and put India directly under the British crown. 3. British taxed the Indians for bringing their forces to India to protect them.
What were the East India Company moves thats were unpopular in India?
1. They required sepoys, or Indian soldiers in its service to serve anywhere either in India or overseas. However, for high caste Hindus, overseas travel was an offense against their religion. 2. They passed a law that allowed Hindu widows to remarry. This was against their religion.
British attitudes toward India
British disagreed among themselves. 1. Some British admired the Indian theology and philosophy. As Western scholarss translated Indian classics, they acquired respect for Indian heritage. Western writers borrowed from Hinduisim and Buddhism ideas 2. However, the majority of British know little about Indian achievements and dismissed Indian culture with contempt. Thomas Macaulay was one of them
What new Indian cultures did Ram Mohun Roy ring to India?
Setup education societies that helped revive pride in Indian culture. Because of this he is also known as the founder of Indian nationalism
Benefits of British rule
1. Brought peace and order 2. revised the legal system to include justice for all members in all caste systems. 3. Railroads increased transportation and telegraph increased communication. This greater contact increase India unity 4. The upper class sent there sons to British schools were they were trained for civil service and military 5. India land owners grew rich from the cash crops.
By the early 1800s, the British did the following
1. Introduced Western education and legal procedures 2. Missionaries tried to conert Indians to Christianity 3. Bitish pressed for social change. Worked to end slavery and the caste system and to improve the status of women in the family 4. One law banned sati, a Hindu custom practiced mainly by the upper class. It called for a widow to join her husband in death by throwing herself on his funeral fire.
What is the British raj?
A British viceroy in India governed in teh name of the queen and British officials held the top positions in the civil service and army. Indians filled most other jobs.
What happened after many years of sending Indians to be educated in the West?
As the Western educated Indians returned home, the exposeure to European ideas had an opposite effect of what the British wanted. The Western educated Indians started a nationalism movement and wanted the end to British imperial rule.
Who had trading rights in the Mughal Empire in the early 1600s?
British East India Company
viceroy definition
British governed in the name of the queen and Bitish officials held the top positions in the civil service and army.
What India nationalist criticized British rule in India
Dadabhai Naomoji
What was India expected to do?
Modernize to Western technology and Western culture
Who ruled India for 200 years?
Mughal rulers
What is the Muslin league?
Originally the Musllims and Hindus worked together in Indian National Congress. The Muslims started worrying that the Hindu run government would oppress the Musllims so in 1906, the Muslims formed the Muslim league to pursue the Muslim goals.
British colonial rule. Who ruled India?
The Parliament set up a system of colonial rule in India called teh British raj
How did Indians view this culture change?
Upper class Indians learned English and adopted the western ways. Other Indians felt that the answer to their culture lay with their own Hindu and Muslim cultures.
sati definition
a Hindu custom practiced mainly by the upper class. It called for a widow to join her husband in death by throwing herself on his funeral fire.
Overal Britain brought much of the globe under its own control However...
an independence movement in India and elsewhere broke the British empire apart.
deforestation definition
clearing of farm lands by cutting the trees or forests
