25.1, 25.2, & 25.3

Taiping Rebellion

(1850-1864) revolt against the Qing dynasty in China led by Hong Xiuquan, a convert to Christianity; over 20 million Chinese died; eventually suppressed with British and French aid

Emperor Meiji

(1852-1912) Emperor of Japan from 1867 to 1912; he restored imperial rule to Japan and, with the help of samurais, pushed for many reforms in Japan

Treaty of Kanagawa

(1854) trade treaty between Japan and the United States opening up two Japanese ports to U.S. trade; signed in response to a show of force by U.S. admiral Matthew Perry

Sepoy Mutiny

(1857-1858) a rebellion of Hindu and Muslim soldiers against the British in India

Berlin Conference

(1884-1885) a meeting at which representatives from European nations agreed upon rules for the European colonization of Africa

Sino-Japanese War

(1894) war fought between China and Japan for influence over Korea; Japan's victory symbolized its successful modernization

Boxer Rebellion

(1900) a siege of a foreign settlement in Beijing by Chinese nationalists who were angry at foreign involvement in China

What role did the British East India Company play in British imperialism in India?

- The company had been created to control trade between Britain, India, and East Asia. By 1800, however, it had come to rule much of India in Great Britain's name. When the Mughal Empire weakened, leaders of the East India Company convinced regional rulers they needed British support. This led to chaos as the company manipulated the rulers, keeping them from cooperating with one another. The East India Company then swept in with its own armies and took control of much of India, claiming it was only restoring order. The East India Company introduced the English language and a new education system. It also banned some traditional customs and invited Christian missionaries to spread their beliefs. Some Indians believed the British were attacking their customs, and the practice of Hinduism. Relations grew strained.

Suez Canal

Egyptian waterway connecting the Mediterranean and Red seas; built in 1869 by Franco-Egyptian company; in 1875 Britain bought Egypt's share in the canal

What changes set the stage for European imperialism in Asia and Africa?

European imperialism, the process of one people ruling or controlling another. European states in the 1700s sought to expand their influence around the world. As empires in Asia and Africa declined, and European military technology advanced, European faced little resistance as they claimed new territories.

Social Darwinism

an application of Charles Darwin's scientific theories of natural selection and the survival of the fittest to the struggle between nations and races; used in the late 1800s to justify imperialism and racism

Muslim League

political group founded in 1906 to protect the rights of Indian Muslims; it later became one of the main forces calling for India independence and a separate nation for Indian Muslims

How did European powers claim territory in Africa?

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Cecil Rhodes

British imperialist and business magnate; he was one of the foremost advocates of expanding the British Empire and was a strong believer in the superiority of the "Anglo-Saxon" race

Raj

British rule in India

Sun Yixian

Chinese statesman and revolutionary leader; he believed that China should be a democracy but that it first needed to replace the Qing dynasty with a ruling nationalist party. He founded the Revolutionary Alliance in 1905

What was life like in India when it became a British colony?

During the 1800s, Indians began to see themselves as having the same rights as Europeans-and as having rights like free speech and religion routinely violated. This led to the growth of a nationalist movement.

How did Western nations gain power and influence in China in the 1800s?

They made China sign many treaties with Britain, France, the US and Russia. The Qing dynasty lost control over China to Western intruders.

British East India Company

a joint-stock company granted a royal charter by Elizabeth I in 1600 for the purpose of controlling trade in India

Indian National Congress

a major political party in India; founded in 1885 to press for greater rights for Indians under British rule, it later became one of the main forces calling for Indian independence

What led to the rise of Japan as a major power?

the Treaty of Kanagawa allowed American ships to stop at two Japanese ports. A later treaty allowed trade at more ports and established extraterritoriality for Westerners. Then Emperor Meji took power and he ade the Japan stronger, gave them mandatory schools, modernized the military, and rapid industrialization. Rebellion broke out in Korea and CHina and Japan both sent troops. Japan defeated China in the Sino-Japanese War and became the most powerful state in Asia.

extraterritoriality

the right of citizens to be tried in the courts of their native country rather than in the courts of the country that they are living in

unequal treaties

trade treaties that China signed under pressure of invasion; gave Western powers trade benefits