2750 Exam 3 pt 1
All women should take a suppliment with _______mg of ____________________ daily, begining in the second trimester to prevent iron-deficency anemia in pregnancy.
1. 30 2. ferrous Iron
What are the 3 components to weight gain during pregnancy
1. Maternal body composition chances, including increased blood and extra cellular fluid volume 2. Maternal support tissues (size of uterus and breasts) 3. The products of conception (fetus and placenta)
A women who secretes large amounts of ______________ during pregnancy may experience _______________________________
1. Protien 2. Preeclampsia
A pregnat women who is experiencing nausea and vomiting in the first trimester of pregnancy may find it difficult to increase sources of _________________? Thereore she should do what.
1. Protien She should avoid meats which have a strong cooking order. She should also consume small amounts of high-quality protien as tolerated
Plasma volyme _____________ during pregnancy, begining in the ____________ trimester
1. doubles 2. Second
The mother uses ___________ as the primary fuel source, due to the fetus prefering to use ______________ as its primary energy source
1. fat 2. Glucose
What is the RDA for calcuim
1000 mg/day for women and 1300 mg/day for adolescents
What is the total weight gain during pregnancy for someone who is Obese
111-20
What is the total weight gain during pregnancy for someone who is Overweight
15-25
What is the total weight gain during pregnancy for someone who is Normal Weight
25-35
What is the reccomended intake of Iron during pregnancy
27 mg/day
What is the total weight gain during pregnancy for someone who is underweight
28-40
What is the reccomended intake of Protien during pregnancy
71g/day
What is the reccomendation of consumption for KCAL's during the second trimester
An Extra 340 kcal/day
What is the reccomendation of consumption for KCAL's during the third trimester
An extra 452 kcal/day
Why are Vitamins D and A vitamins of concern during pregnancy
Excess levles may lead to birth defects
T or F Energy intake should be limited in attempt to restrict maternal weight gain for Preeclampsia
F Energy intake should not be limited and they should have a suffiecent amount of energy in diet.
T or F the use of protien powder supplimets is reccomended during pregnancy
F Women can easily obtain the reccomended intake of protien from the American Diet
T or F The use of supplimental protiens during pregnancy is reccomended
F Women can easily obtain the reccomended intake of protien from the american diet
T or F You should be concerend for a pregnant women who is experiencing nauesa and vomiting
F It is a discomfort of pregnancy during the first trimester and often subsides by the begining of the second trimester. (there is no cause for alarm unless the mother begins to lose weight or becomes severly dehydrated).
T or F Weight loss and restricting KCAL's during pregnancy is ok
False. The mother should be encouraged to eat at least the minimum number of servings reccomended during pregnancy from the My Plate program
What is the dietary reccomendation for pregant women experiencing constipation
Fiber, such as whole-grain cereals, fresh fruit, raw vegtables, consumption of fluids
What are some risk factors of Preeclampsia
First pregnancy Hypertension Diabetes mellitus Age (19 and younger or 40+) Family history of preeclampsia and hypertension
What are some common symptomes of Preeclampsia
Headaches (continuous and severe) Hypertension rapid weight gain Excessive nausea marked edema Blood in urine small amounts of urine vomiting blood fever pain in abdomen
Why is Pica of concern during pregnancy
Intestinal blokages which may be life threatning can occur. These substances also have no iron in them and may also lead to a loss of aditional materials. Iron deficency anemia is common for pregnant mothers who practice Pica during pregnancy
What does the fetus store in the liver during the last trimester, to use during the first four months of life?
Iron
What causes iron deficiency anemia?
Iron requirment increases secondary to the expansion of the maternal red cell volume.
What are the complications of Iron Deficency anemia
It can impar oxygen delivery to the fetus
How does the body compensate for the increase in sodium excretion during pregnancy
It increases aldosterone secretion from the adrenal gland and renin from the kidney.
What are the symptomes of fetal alcohol syndrome
Nervous System Defects, Low nasal bridge, short nose, flat mid-face, Short Seperation between the upper and lower eyelids
T or F Eating dry toast or crackers before getting out of bed may provide relif from morning sickness
T Snacks that contain dried fruit, crackers or small cans of juice while working or traveling may be useful as well
What happens to the GI tract during pregnancy due to Progesterone
There is a slowing of the GI tract. This increases abosrption of nutrients such as calcium and iron.
Why is calcium intake not reccomended to increase during pregnancy?
There is an increase in intestinal calcium absorption
T or F Pregnant paitents may be counseled to include appropriate sources of protien that provide vitamins, minerals and to moderate amounts of _____________
True 1. Fats
What is the reccomended intake of Vitamin D and A during pregnancy
Vitamin A: RDA 750-770Ug UL 2800-3000Ug Vitamin D: RDA 5Ug/day UL 50Ug/day
During pregnancy you want to increase intake of all nutrients, except?
Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K Phosphorus Flouride Calcium Biotin
Why should vitamin D levels be tested for women with Preeclampsia
Women with preeclampsia may be experiencing hypovitaminosis D and a low Vitamin D status is a factor for preeclampsia
preeclampsia
a complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, edema, and proteinuria (excess protien in urine) after 20 weeks of gestation
What is the common treatment for GDM
dietary control combined with moderate exercise leading to appropriate weight gain.
hemodulution effect during pregnancy.
dilution of the blood (lower levels of hemoglobin, serum protiens and vitamins in blood)
Oral contraceptives may affect what levels
folate
Pregnant women after 35 years of age are at increased risk for what?
gestational diabetes
The BMR rises 15-20% during pregnancy due to
greater oxygen needs of the fetus and maternal support tissues
What are some important factors to consider for the nutritional status of pregnant teens?
growth pattern of the mother psychologic maturity of mother economic resources able to provide for infant delay in seeking medical care
What is Pica
hunger and appetite for non food substances such as corn starch, ice, clay and dirt.
Nutrition for a pregnant mother with HIV
increased need for kcal, protien, vitamins and minerals. Weight gain should be strictly monitored
What are some complications of gestational diabetes relating to an infant
larger body size hypoglycemia erythremia hyperbilirubinemia
low birth weight
less than 5.5 pounds
What is the nutritional support for preeclampsia?
provision of well balanced diet with generous sources of protien to replace losses in proteinuria with adequate vitamins and minerals
Progesterone causes _______________ sodium excretion during pregnancy.
renal
What foods are sucessful at aiding in preventing nausea and vomiting
small, frequent meals while drinking liquids between rather than with meals. Avoiding greasy foods.
What are the dietary remedies for heart burn during pregnancy.
small, frequent meals, avoiding foods high in fat, drinking fluids between meals, limiting spicy foods, avoiding laying down 1-2 hours after eating
The increas in protien intake over the nonpregant state is nescessary for what?
to build and maintain the variety of new tissues of pregnancy
T or F Over the counter laxatives or enemas should not be used by pregnant women
T
When women are at a child bearing age who are capable of becoming pregnant should should consume what?
Synthetic Folic Acid Before pregnancy, she should consume 400Ug from vitamin suppliments, fortified grains and other foods. During pregnancy it increases to 600Ug
T or F All suplimentation during pregnancy should be in the form of prenatal type multivitamin-mineral suppliments
T
T or F If a pregnant mother cannot retain foods or fluids for 6 or more hours, a primary physician should be contacted
T
Folate is important for what during pregnancy?
Preventing Neural Tube Defects Spina Bifida Anencephaly
Progesteron may relax what and cause what discomfort of pregnancy
Progesterone may cause relaxation of the gastroesophageal sphincter may occur, resulting in some reflux of gastric contents into the lower esophagus causing heartburn.
Progesterone in pregnancy
Promotes development of the endometrium and relaxes the smooth muscle cells of the uterus. (this relaxation helps the uterus expand and prevent premature contractions)
estrogen in pregnancy
Promotes growth of the uterus and breasts during pregnancy
What are some foods that pregnant women should avoid consuming
Raw, rare or undercooked meats, Raw fish and shellfish Seafood Unpasterized dairy products Unpasteurized fruits and veggies Raw sprouts
