#3
The adult vertebral column typically contains
26 vertebrae
A surgical procedure that involves replacing damaged joints with artificial joints is called __
Arthroplasty
Another name for a joint is __
Articulation
Structurally, joints are classified as synovial, fibrous, and ____
Cartilaginous
5 functions of the skeletal system.
Mineral and Triglyceride storage Hemopoiesis Assisting in movement Support Protection
The space between articulating bones in a synovial joint is called the
Synovial Cavity
The largest and strongest of the unfused vertebrae in the spinal column are the
The largest and strongest of the unfused vertebrae in the spinal column are the
The decrease of estrogen levels in females after the age of 40 increases the loss of calcium from bones.
True
The lateral movement of the arms away from the body is called
abduction.
The head of the femur fits into the ____ of the pelvis to form the hip joint.
acetabulum
medical term that means inflammation of the joints is
arthritis.
The scientific study of joints is called
arthrology
The thin layer of surface cartilage on the bone located where the bone engages with another bone is called __________ cartilage.
articular
A thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the region of the epiphyses that is involved in forming a joint with another bone is called the
articular cartilage
The shoulder joint is an example of a
ball-and-socket joint
sac-like structures that are strategically located to reduce friction between skin and underlying bones during synovial joint movements are called
bursae.
The secretion of _________, made in the thyroid, promotes bone formation and decreases blood calcium.
calcitonin
Bones are the storage place for 99% of the total _______ in the body
calcium
The minerals responsible for the hardening of bone matrix are ____ and ____.
calcium and phosphorus
Which of the following curves in the vertebral column would one find in the neck of an adult?
cervical curve
The human pectoral girdle consists of the
clavicle and scapula.
The strongest form of bone, found deep to the periosteum and making up the bulk of the diaphyses in long bones is _________ bone.
compact
Osteoclasts are a type of bone cell that
destroy bone matrix. are formed from white blood cells.
Osteogenic cells
develop into osteoblasts.
The shaft of a long bone is called the
diaphysis
The shaft or body of a long bone is called the ___
diaphysis
Freely moveable joints are classified as
diarthroses.
Bending the foot upward, as when standing on your heel, involves
dorsiflexion
The ________ is an extension of the periosteum in the deeper part of the bone that lines the medullary cavity.
endosteum
Once a person is done growing, around 18-21 years of age, the cartilage of the epiphyseal (growth) plate is replaced by bone and becomes known as the __________ line.
epiphyseal
The site where bone lengthening occurs in a long bone is called the
epiphyseal plate.
The distal and proximal ends of the bone are called the ____
epiphyses
All of the following are facial bones EXCEPT the
ethmoid bone
A strain is always more serious than a sprain
false
Osteoblasts are mature bone cells.
false
The movement of a body part away from the body's midline (e.g. first arm and leg movements that occur when doing jumping jacks) is called adduction.
false
The pelvic (hip) girdle is formed by fusion of six separate bones.
false
Towards the end of a pregnancy, the hormone inhibin stimulates the loosening of the pubic symphysis and the ligaments between the sacrum and pelvis in order to increase the size of the pelvic outlet.
false
types of structural joints
fibrous synovial cartilaginous
The medulla oblongata passes through the _ of the occipital bone and connects with the spinal cord.
foramen magnum
Which of the following joints is classified as a synarthrotic joint?
gomphosis
The articulation between the root of a tooth and an alveolus in the mandible is a example of a
gomphosis.
In a growing human, the area between the metaphysis and the epiphysis is made of hyaline cartilage and allows for the bone to grow in length and is called the ________ plate.
growth, epiphyseal
Which strikes the ground first when walking normally?
heel
The joint between the trochlea of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna at the elbow is an example of a
hinge joint.
The single bone that makes up the upper arm is called the
humerus
The bone in the axial skeleton that does not articulate with any other bone is the
hyoid bone.
The secretion of PTH ___________ the level of calcium in the blood, and works via a negative feedback system.
increases
The spinal nerves leave the vertebral column through the
intervertebral foramen
Osteocytes are found in small fluid filled openings in compact bone called ____.
lacunae
Which of the following describes the endosteum of a long bone?
lines the medullary cavity
Which of the following is a movable bone of the skull?
mandible
The ________ cavity is the space in the diaphysis that contains yellow bone marrow in adults.
medullary
The _________ is a region of mature bone where the epiphysis meats the diaphysis.
metaphysis
The name for the process by which bone is formed is called _____
ossification
"Bone-building" cells are called ______
osteoblasts
Which of the following types of bone cells is considered the primary bone-building cell?
osteoblasts
The cells that are in charge of the breakdown of the extracellular bone matrix, a process called resorption, are _______
osteoclasts
Mature bone cells are called _______
osteocytes
_______ cells are the unspecialized cells that are the starting point for almost all connective tissue.
osteogenic
The exchange of calcium in the body is regulated by hormones. __________ _______ is secreted by the parathyroid glands.
parathyroid hormone
The hormones responsible for maintaining homeostasis relative to blood calcium levels are
parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.
The correct anatomical term for kneecap is ___
patella
The ________ is the surface layer of bone where tendons and ligaments connect and osteoblasts live.
periosteum
The tough, white, fibrous membrane around the surface of a bone is called ____.
periosteum
The bones of the fingers are called ____.
phalanges
The joints between the carpal bones in the wrist are examples of
planar joints
Which of the following are types of synovial joints
planar joints
Movement of the forearm from a palm forward (or up) to a palm backward (or down) position is called
pronation
A forward movement of the mandible would be called
protraction
The hipbones are united to each other by a joint called the
pubic symphysis
Hemopoiesis occurs in ____ bone marrow.
red
_____ bone marrow is found mostly within spongy bone and produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
red
An autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the cartilage and lining of the joints is
rheumatoid arthritis.
The primary movement of a pivot joint like the atlantoaxial joint is
rotation
Bone that consists of lamellae in an irregular lattice of columns termed trabecular is called _______ bone.
spongey
Which of the following is a type of cartilaginous joint?
syndesmosis
A fluid-filled cavity found between articulating bones is a distinguishing characteristic of
synovial joints.
Slightly movable joints are classified as
synovial joints.
Another term for the dislocation of a bone from a joint with tearing of ligaments, tendons, and articular capsules is
synovitis.
Which of the following vertebrae articulate with the ribs?
thoracic vertebrae
The anatomical term for shinbone is
tibia.
Extension is when a body part is moved
to increase the angle between that part and another.
Adduction is when a body part is moved
towards the body's midline.
Abduction refers to movement of a body part away from the midline.
true
Bone formation is called ossification
true
Both rickets and osteomalacia involve a failure of bone calcification, however, rickets affects adults and osteomalacia affects children.
true
Pronation is a movement of the forearm so that the palm faces backward.
true
The sutures found between the cranial bones of a newborn's skull are fibrous joints.
true
bone continuously replaces itself throughout adult life.
true
The shock-absorbing structures found between adjacent vertebrae are ____.
vertebral discs
Which of the following is a cranial bone?
vomer bone
Elderly people can strengthen their bones by doing ____ exercise.
weight bearing
_____ bone marrow is found within the medullary cavity of long bones, is made of mainly adipose cells, and is the location of storage of triglycerides.
yellow
Within the skeletal system, fat is commonly stored in the
yellow bone marrow.