3.2 The Muscular System
Anterior
In front of
Occipitofrontalis
Is a broad muscle formed by two muscles joined by the aponeurosis
Extensor
Is located mid-forearm on outside of the arm
Origin
Is the nonmoving fixed portion of the muscle attached to bones or other fixed muscle
Myology
Is the study of the structure, function, and disease of the muscles. There are more than 500 large and small muscles in the body, composing approx 40% of the body's weight.
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Lies in the middle of the sole of the foot
Levator (elevator goes up)
Lifts up
Superioris
Located above
Temporalis
Located above and in front of the ear and performs both opening and closing the jaw as in chewing
Caninus
Located above the corners of the mouth raises the angle of the mouth as in snarling
Levator Palpebrae
Located above the eyelids functions to raise the eyelid
Quadratus Labii Superioris
Located above the upper lip raises both the nostrils and the upper lip as in expressing distaste
Gastrocnemius
Located at the back of the leg, attached to the lower rear surface rear surface of the heel
Risorius
Located at the corner of the mouth draws the mouth up and out as in grinning
Mentalis
Located at the tip of the chin pushes the lower lip up and or wrinkles the chin as in expressing doubt
Inferioris
Located below
Triangularis
Located below the corners of the mouth draws the corners of the mouth down as in expressing depression
Quadratus Labii Inferioris
Located below the lower lip pulls the lower lip down or to the side as in expressing sarcasm
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Located between the Tibialis interior and extensor digitorum longus
Procerus
Located between the eyebrows across the bridge of the nose draws brows down and wrinkles the area across the bridge of the nose
Corrugator
Located between the eyebrows controls the eyebrows drawing them in and downward
Buccinator
Located between the jaws and cheek is responsible for compressing the cheek to release air outwardly as in blowing
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Located on the outside of the lower leg
Zygomaticus
Located outside the corners of the mouth draws the mouth up and back as in laughing and consists of zygomaticus major and minor
Serratrus Anterior
Located under the arm
Pronator
Runs across the front of the lower part of the radius and ulna
Supinator
Runs parallel to the ulna
Abductor
Separates the finger
Salon Professional
Voluntary muscles of the head,face, neck, arms and hands.
The functions of the muscular system include:
1. Support of the skeleton 2. Production of body movement 3. Contouring of the body 4. Involvement in the functions of other body systems (ex: digestive, circulatory, and nervous system)
There are two types of muscle tissues
1. Voluntary or striated: muscles respond to commands regulated by will 2. Involuntary or non-striated: muscles respond automatically to control various body functions including the functions of internal organs
Opponens
Are located in the palm of the hand
Posterior
Behind
Orbicularis Oculi
Circles the eye socket and functions to close the eyelid
Orbicularis Oris
Circles the mouth and is responsible for contracting puckering and wrinkling the lips as in kissing or whistling
Epicranium
Consists of all of the structures above the cranium including muscle skin and aponeurosis
Tibialis Anterior
Covers the front of the shin
Masseter
Covers the hinge of the jaw and aids in closing the jaw as in chewing
Detoid
Covers the shoulder.
Depressor (depressed)
Draws down
Adductrer
Draws them together
Muscles
Fibrous tissues that contract, when stimulated by messages carried by the nervous system, to produce movement
Latissmus
Flat, triangular ,uscle that covers the lumbar region and lower ha;f of the thoracic region, muscle aids in swinging
Trapezius
Flat, triangular muscle covering the upper and back part of the neck and shoulders, Aids in drawing the head back and elevating the shoulder blades
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Flexes the joint of the small toe
Pectolaris
Extends across the front of chest
Sternocleido Mastoideus
Extends along the side of neck from the ear to the collarbone and causes the head to move
Platysma
Extends from the tip of the chin tho the shoulders and chest and depresses the lower jaw and lip as in expressing sadness
Tricep
Extends the length of the upper arm
Flexor
Mid-forearm, on the inside of the arm
Belly
Midsection of the muscle between the two attached sections
Abductor Hullucis
Moves the big toe away from the others
Abductor Digiti Minimi
Moves the smallest toe away from the toes
Frontalis
Muscle extends from the forehead to the top of the skull
Muscles
Produce movement through contraction tightening and expansion relaxing
Auricularius Superior
Muscle is located above the ear
Occipitalis
Muscle is located at the nape of the neck and draws the scalp back
Auricularius Posterior
Muscle is located behind the ear
Auricularius Anteriror
Muscle is located in front of the ear
Insertion
Muscle joined to movable attachments bones movable muscles or skin
Dilator (opens like having a baby and being dilated)
Opens or enlarges
Peroneus Brevis
Originates in the lower third of the Fibula
Soleus
Originates in the upper portion of the fibula from just below the knee to the heel
Peroneus Longus
Originates in the upper two two thirds of the outer fibula
Biceps
The primary muscle in the front of the upper arm