3.2 The Muscular System

Anterior

In front of

Occipitofrontalis

Is a broad muscle formed by two muscles joined by the aponeurosis

Extensor

Is located mid-forearm on outside of the arm

Origin

Is the nonmoving fixed portion of the muscle attached to bones or other fixed muscle

Myology

Is the study of the structure, function, and disease of the muscles. There are more than 500 large and small muscles in the body, composing approx 40% of the body's weight.

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

Lies in the middle of the sole of the foot

Levator (elevator goes up)

Lifts up

Superioris

Located above

Temporalis

Located above and in front of the ear and performs both opening and closing the jaw as in chewing

Caninus

Located above the corners of the mouth raises the angle of the mouth as in snarling

Levator Palpebrae

Located above the eyelids functions to raise the eyelid

Quadratus Labii Superioris

Located above the upper lip raises both the nostrils and the upper lip as in expressing distaste

Gastrocnemius

Located at the back of the leg, attached to the lower rear surface rear surface of the heel

Risorius

Located at the corner of the mouth draws the mouth up and out as in grinning

Mentalis

Located at the tip of the chin pushes the lower lip up and or wrinkles the chin as in expressing doubt

Inferioris

Located below

Triangularis

Located below the corners of the mouth draws the corners of the mouth down as in expressing depression

Quadratus Labii Inferioris

Located below the lower lip pulls the lower lip down or to the side as in expressing sarcasm

Extensor Hallucis Longus

Located between the Tibialis interior and extensor digitorum longus

Procerus

Located between the eyebrows across the bridge of the nose draws brows down and wrinkles the area across the bridge of the nose

Corrugator

Located between the eyebrows controls the eyebrows drawing them in and downward

Buccinator

Located between the jaws and cheek is responsible for compressing the cheek to release air outwardly as in blowing

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Located on the outside of the lower leg

Zygomaticus

Located outside the corners of the mouth draws the mouth up and back as in laughing and consists of zygomaticus major and minor

Serratrus Anterior

Located under the arm

Pronator

Runs across the front of the lower part of the radius and ulna

Supinator

Runs parallel to the ulna

Abductor

Separates the finger

Salon Professional

Voluntary muscles of the head,face, neck, arms and hands.

The functions of the muscular system include:

1. Support of the skeleton 2. Production of body movement 3. Contouring of the body 4. Involvement in the functions of other body systems (ex: digestive, circulatory, and nervous system)

There are two types of muscle tissues

1. Voluntary or striated: muscles respond to commands regulated by will 2. Involuntary or non-striated: muscles respond automatically to control various body functions including the functions of internal organs

Opponens

Are located in the palm of the hand

Posterior

Behind

Orbicularis Oculi

Circles the eye socket and functions to close the eyelid

Orbicularis Oris

Circles the mouth and is responsible for contracting puckering and wrinkling the lips as in kissing or whistling

Epicranium

Consists of all of the structures above the cranium including muscle skin and aponeurosis

Tibialis Anterior

Covers the front of the shin

Masseter

Covers the hinge of the jaw and aids in closing the jaw as in chewing

Detoid

Covers the shoulder.

Depressor (depressed)

Draws down

Adductrer

Draws them together

Muscles

Fibrous tissues that contract, when stimulated by messages carried by the nervous system, to produce movement

Latissmus

Flat, triangular ,uscle that covers the lumbar region and lower ha;f of the thoracic region, muscle aids in swinging

Trapezius

Flat, triangular muscle covering the upper and back part of the neck and shoulders, Aids in drawing the head back and elevating the shoulder blades

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Flexes the joint of the small toe

Pectolaris

Extends across the front of chest

Sternocleido Mastoideus

Extends along the side of neck from the ear to the collarbone and causes the head to move

Platysma

Extends from the tip of the chin tho the shoulders and chest and depresses the lower jaw and lip as in expressing sadness

Tricep

Extends the length of the upper arm

Flexor

Mid-forearm, on the inside of the arm

Belly

Midsection of the muscle between the two attached sections

Abductor Hullucis

Moves the big toe away from the others

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Moves the smallest toe away from the toes

Frontalis

Muscle extends from the forehead to the top of the skull

Muscles

Produce movement through contraction tightening and expansion relaxing

Auricularius Superior

Muscle is located above the ear

Occipitalis

Muscle is located at the nape of the neck and draws the scalp back

Auricularius Posterior

Muscle is located behind the ear

Auricularius Anteriror

Muscle is located in front of the ear

Insertion

Muscle joined to movable attachments bones movable muscles or skin

Dilator (opens like having a baby and being dilated)

Opens or enlarges

Peroneus Brevis

Originates in the lower third of the Fibula

Soleus

Originates in the upper portion of the fibula from just below the knee to the heel

Peroneus Longus

Originates in the upper two two thirds of the outer fibula

Biceps

The primary muscle in the front of the upper arm