4 - Operations and Incident Response: Incorrect Answers

Dion Training wants to ensure that none of its computers can run a peer-to-peer file-sharing program on its office computers. Which of the following practices should be implemented to achieve this? Enable NAC Application blocklisting Application allow listing MAC filtering

Application blocklisting OBJ-4.4: Application blocklisting is the most appropriate practice to implement to block a limited number of known programs. Application allow listing could be used to achieve this purpose, but it would require much more work and block every program not specifically allowed by the allow list or approve list policy.

Which analysis framework provides a graphical depiction of the attacker's approach relative to a kill chain? OpenIOC Lockheed Martin cyber kill chain MITRE ATT&CK framework Diamond Model of Intrusion Analysis

Diamond Model of Intrusion Analysis OBJ-4.2: The Diamond Model provides an excellent methodology for communicating cyber events and allowing analysts to derive mitigation strategies implicitly. The Diamond Model is constructed around a graphical representation of an attacker's behavior. The MITRE ATT&CK framework provides explicit pseudo-code examples for detecting or mitigating a given threat within a network and ties specific behaviors back to individual actors. The Lockheed Martin cyber kill chain provides a general life cycle description of how attacks occur but does not deal with the specifics of how to mitigate them. OpenIOC contains a depth of research on APTs but does not integrate the detections and mitigation strategy.

You are notified by an external organization that an IP address associated with your company's email server has been sending spam emails requesting funds as part of a lottery collection scam. An investigation into the incident reveals the email account used was Connor from the sales department and that Connor's email account was only used from one workstation. You analyze Connor's workstation and discover several unknown processes running, but netflow analysis reveals no attempted lateral movement to other workstations on the network. Which containment strategy would be most effective to use in this scenario? Unplug the workstation's network cable and conduct a complete reimaging of the workstation Isolate the network segment Connor is on and conduct a forensic review of all workstations in the sales department Request disciplinary action for Connor for causing this incident Isolate the workstation computer by disabling the switch port and resetting Connor's username/password

Isolate the workstation computer by disabling the switch port and resetting Connor's username/password OBJ-4.4: Isolation of Connor's computer by deactivating the port on the switch should be performed instead of just unplugging the computer. This would guarantee that Connor won't just plug the computer back into the network as soon as you leave his desk. While Connor won't be able to work without his workstation, it is essential to isolate the issue quickly to prevent future attempts at lateral movement from occurring and protect the company's data needed for continued business operations. While we are unsure of the issue's initial root cause, we know it is currently isolated to Connor's machine. He should receive remedial cybersecurity training, his workstation's hard drive forensically imaged for later analysis, and then his workstation should be remediated or reimaged. It is better to isolate just Connor's machine instead of the entire network segment in this scenario. Isolating the network segment, without evidence indicating the need to do so, would have been overkill and overly disruptive to the business. Reimaging Connor's device may destroy data that could have otherwise been recovered and led to a successful root cause analysis. There is also insufficient evidence in this scenario to warrant disciplinary action against Connor, as he may have clicked on a malicious link by mistake.

An attacker is searching in Google for Cisco VPN configuration files by using the filetype:pcf modifier. The attacker located several of these configuration files and now wants to decode any connectivity passwords that they might contain. What tool should the attacker use? Nessus Netcat Nmap Cain and Abel

Cain and Abel OBJ-4.1: Cain and Abel (often abbreviated to Cain) is a popular password cracking tool. It can recover many password types using methods such as network packet sniffing, cracking various password hashes by using methods such as dictionary attacks, brute force, and cryptanalysis attacks. It also includes a module to conduct Cisco VPN Client Password Decoding too. CUPP is used to create password lists. Nessus is a vulnerability scanner. The netcat tool is used to create reverse shells for remote access.

A user reports that every time they try to access https://www.diontraining.com, they receive an error stating "Invalid or Expired Security Certificate." The technician attempts to connect to the same site from other computers on the network, and no errors or issues are observed. Which of the following settings needs to be changed on the user's workstation to fix the "Invalid or Expired Security Certificate" error? Logon times UEFI boot mode User access control Date and time

Date and time OBJ-4.4: There are two causes of the "Invalid or Expired Security Certificate." The first is a problem with your computer, and the second occurs when the certificate itself has an issue. Since the technician can successfully connect to the website from other computers, it shows that the error is on the user's computer. One of the common causes of an Invalid or Expired Security Certificate error is the clock on the user's computer being wrong. The website security certificates are issued to be valid within a given date range. If the certificate's date is too far outside the date on the computer, the web browser will give you an invalid security certificate error because the browser thinks something is wrong. To fix this, set the computer's clock to the correct date and time.

Dion Training has just suffered a website defacement of its public-facing webserver. The CEO believes the company's biggest competitor may have done this act of vandalism. The decision has been made to contact law enforcement so that evidence can be collected properly for use in a potential court case. Laura is a digital forensics investigator assigned to collect the evidence. She creates a bit-by-bit disk image of the web server's hard drive as part of her evidence collection. What technology should Laura use after creating the disk image to verify the copy's data integrity matches that of the original web server's hard disk? AES SHA-256 3DES RSA

SHA-256 OBJ-4.5: SHA-256 is the Secure Hash Algorithm with a 256-bit length output. This is one of the most common hash algorithms in use and is employed in many applications and protocols. SHA-256 and other hashing algorithms are used to ensure the data integrity of a file has not been altered. RSA, 3DES, and AES are all encryption algorithms. These algorithms can ensure confidentiality but not integrity.

You have been hired to investigate a possible insider threat from a user named Terri. Which command would you use to review all sudo commands ever issued by Terri (whose login account is terri and UID=1003) on a Linux system? (Select the MOST efficient command) journalctl _UID=1003 | grep -e [Tt]erri | grep sudo journalctl _UID=1003 | grep -e [Tt]erri | grep -e 1003 | grep sudo journalctl _UID=1003 | grep -e 1003 | grep sudo journalctl _UID=1003 | grep sudo

journalctl _UID=1003 | grep sudo OBJ-4.3: journalctl is a command for viewing logs collected by systemd. The systemd-journald service is responsible for systemd's log collection, and it retrieves messages from the kernel, systemd services, and other sources. These logs are gathered in a central location, which makes them easy to review. If you specify the parameter of _UID=1003, you will only receive entries made under the authorities of the user with ID (UID) 1003. In this case, that is Terri. Using the piping function, we can send that list of entries into the grep command as an input and then filter the results before returning them to the screen. This command will be sufficient to see all the times that Terri has executed something as the superuser using privilege escalation. If there are too many results, we could further filter the results using regular expressions with grep using the -e flag. Since the UID of 1003 is only used by Terri, it is unnecessary to add [Tt]erri to your grep filter as the only results for UID 1003 (terri) will already be shown. So, while all four of these would produce the same results, the most efficient option to accomplish this is by entering "journalctl _UID=1003 | grep sudo" in the terminal. Don't get afraid when you see questions like this; walk through each part of the command step by step and determine the differences. In this question, you may not have known what journalctl is, but you didn't need to. You needed to identify which grep expression was the shortest that would still get the job done. By comparing the differences between the options presented, you could likely take your best guess and identify the right one.