41-1 intro to vertebrates
Atrium
A heart chamber that receives blood.
Operculum
A protective flap that covers the gills of fishes
Gill filaments
Double row of thin projections
Spinal nerves
Connect spinal cord to internal organs
Cerebellum
Coordinate motor function
gill arches
curved regions of tissue between the gills. Gills are suspended from arches
Pyloric ceca
Secretes digestive enzymes and chemicals that break down food in stomach
Cranium
Skull
Swim bladder
An internal gas-filled organ that helps a bony fish stabilize its body at different water depths.
Veins
Carry blood to the heart
Osteichthyes
Bony fish
Ventricle
Bottom portion of the heart, thicker walled and larger
Arteries
Carry blood away from the heart
Cerebrum
Integrate sensory info from other areas of the brain
Lamprey
Large eye, live in fresh and marine water
Capillaries
Microscopic vessel through which exchanges take place between the blood and cells of the body
Hagfishes
No jaws, feed by sawing
Bone
Osteo
jawless fish
Parasitic fish that have skeletons made of cartilage but lack a proper skull.
Chordate
Phylum
Spawning
Process by which male and female fishes release their gametes near each other in the water.
Optic tecum
Recieves and processes visual, auditory, and lateral impulses; turns body toward/away from stimulus
medulla oblongota
Regulates organs; relay station for stimuli
Vertebral column
Spinal
sinus venosus
collecting chamber for oxygen poor blood
conus arteriosus
elongated heart chamber that smoothes heart pulsation
placoid scales
enamel tipped structures on the shark's skin
Scales
flakes or dry patches made up of excess dead epidermal cells
countercurrent flow
flow of water opposite that of the flow of blood in a fish's gills
ray-finned fish
have fins supported by bony elements called rays; ex. perch, bass, eels, trout, guppies
lobe-finned fish
have fleshy fins that are supported by a series of bones; ex. coelacanth and lungfish
Class Agnatha
jawless fish; hagfish, lamprey
lateral line system
sensitive receptor system that enables fish to detect gentle currents and vibrations in the water
Cartilage
strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone
