41-1 intro to vertebrates

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Atrium

A heart chamber that receives blood.

Operculum

A protective flap that covers the gills of fishes

Gill filaments

Double row of thin projections

Spinal nerves

Connect spinal cord to internal organs

Cerebellum

Coordinate motor function

gill arches

curved regions of tissue between the gills. Gills are suspended from arches

Pyloric ceca

Secretes digestive enzymes and chemicals that break down food in stomach

Cranium

Skull

Swim bladder

An internal gas-filled organ that helps a bony fish stabilize its body at different water depths.

Veins

Carry blood to the heart

Osteichthyes

Bony fish

Ventricle

Bottom portion of the heart, thicker walled and larger

Arteries

Carry blood away from the heart

Cerebrum

Integrate sensory info from other areas of the brain

Lamprey

Large eye, live in fresh and marine water

Capillaries

Microscopic vessel through which exchanges take place between the blood and cells of the body

Hagfishes

No jaws, feed by sawing

Bone

Osteo

jawless fish

Parasitic fish that have skeletons made of cartilage but lack a proper skull.

Chordate

Phylum

Spawning

Process by which male and female fishes release their gametes near each other in the water.

Optic tecum

Recieves and processes visual, auditory, and lateral impulses; turns body toward/away from stimulus

medulla oblongota

Regulates organs; relay station for stimuli

Vertebral column

Spinal

sinus venosus

collecting chamber for oxygen poor blood

conus arteriosus

elongated heart chamber that smoothes heart pulsation

placoid scales

enamel tipped structures on the shark's skin

Scales

flakes or dry patches made up of excess dead epidermal cells

countercurrent flow

flow of water opposite that of the flow of blood in a fish's gills

ray-finned fish

have fins supported by bony elements called rays; ex. perch, bass, eels, trout, guppies

lobe-finned fish

have fleshy fins that are supported by a series of bones; ex. coelacanth and lungfish

Class Agnatha

jawless fish; hagfish, lamprey

lateral line system

sensitive receptor system that enables fish to detect gentle currents and vibrations in the water

Cartilage

strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone


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