4.2: The presumption of innocence
The burden of proof
The obligation of a party to prove a case. Usually rests with the party who initiates the action (plaintiff in a civil dispute and the prosecution in a civil case)
Standard of proof
The degree or extent to which a case must be proved in court
Accused
A person charged with a criminal offence
Jury
An independent group chosen at random to decide on the evidence in a legal case and reach a decision (verdict)
Bail
The release of an accused person from custody on condition that they will attend a court hearing to answer the charges
Presumption of innocence
The right of a person accused of a crime to be presumed not guilty unless proven otherwise
Beyond reasonable doubt
The standard of proof in criminal cases. This requires the prosecution to prove there is no reasonable doubt that the accused committed the offence.