4701 - 2
Laws such as the Clean Air Act, the Affordable Care Act, and the Consumer Products Safety Act are considered part of the _________ component of the general environment.
legal
The focus strategy is based on __________.
making a company competitive with a cost advantage in a very narrow and niche market
An employee's performance rating is listed on the __________.
management inventory card
Which of the following refers to the steps a decision maker takes to arrive at a decision?
rational decision-making process
Situations in which statistical probabilities can be attributed to alternative potential outcomes are known as __________.
risk
Which term refers to situations in which statistical probabilities can be assigned to possible results?
risk
selection is the ______ step in providing appropriate HR for an org
second
According to the BCG (Boston Consulting Group) matrix, business units with high market share and low anticipated growth rate are categorized as __________.
cash cows
Which law created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission?
civil rights act
Which of the following suggests that managers should provide funds for planning only when they anticipate a reasonable return on investment?
commitment principle
How a firm undertakes strategic and tactical actions, and competitors' responses to those actions, is referred to as ________.
competitive dynamics
__________ refers to the process by which firms undertake strategic and tactical actions and how competitors respond to these actions.
competitive dynamics
Which term refers to people tending to seek out information that supports their preconceived beliefs and ignoring any information that undermines those beliefs?
confirmation bias
A relevant alternative is
considered feasible for solving an existing problem and for implementation
Walmart's strategy focuses on offering lower prices than its competitors. This is an example of which generic strategy?
cost leadership
What type of appraisal system requires recording good and bad events that involve employees as the events take place?
critical-form essay
Which of the following is a key disadvantage of group decision making?
group decisions can be lower quality because of groupthink
How is the Delphi technique different than the nominal group technique or the brainstorming technique?
groups do not meet face to face
a strategy adopted by management to increase the amount of business that a strategic business unit is currently generating
growth
__________ refers to simple rules of thumb.
heuristics
According to the BCG (Boston Consulting Group) matrix, a business unit with __________ would be placed in stars.
high market share and high anticipated growth rate
The _____ orientation is characterized by the desire to preserve the status quo as much as possible.
hoarding
consists of information about the characteristics of organization members.
human resource inventory
What is the first step in the rational decision-making process model?
identifying an existing problem
An organizational mission increases the likelihood that a firm will succeed by _________.
identifying major targets that need to be reached
Decision makers must put the decision into action by conveying it to those affected in the __________ step of the decision-making process.
implement the alternative
which is an advantage of group decision making?
implementation support
Selection is the process __________.
in which the job applicants are screened to ensure that the most appropriate candidates are hired
Kasey is attempting to make a decision and she wants to avoid the paradox of choice. She has a list of alternatives, but it is very long. So, she makes a smaller list of the most desirable alternatives from which to choose. She is using a(n) _____ strategy.
inclusion
________ involves outlining what the different parts of an organization should do in order to be successful at some point one year or less into the future.
tactical planning
__________ are a limitation on the number of problem-solving alternatives available. An example are when the level of technology may be inadequate for certain alternatives
technological factors
_________ looks at human resources for qualities that relate to performing available jobs.
testing
Interacting skill is __________.
the ability to manage people during implementation
Monitoring skill is __________.
the ability to use information to determine whether a problem has arisen that is blocking implementation
The basic element of decision making that focuses on deciding the best course of action among potential solutions is called ________.
the choice of alternatives
Recruitment is defined as __________.
the initial attraction and screening of the supply of prospective human resources available to fill a position
Which of the following is a key advantage of group decision making?
Group members perceive the decision as their own and are more likely to take responsibility for it.
Record-keeping devices for a human resource inventory help management answer all of the following questions EXCEPT which one?
What will be the level of salary and benefits needed to replace an individual?
When an organization is evaluating a training program for effectiveness, which of the following should be the primary consideration?
Whether the training met the needs for which it was designed
a method of performance appraisal in which appraisers simply write down their impressions of employees in paragraph form.
free-form essay
__________ is defined as short-range planning that emphasizes the current operations of various parts of the organization.
tactical planning
are non-programmed decisions that are one-shot and ill structured.
Policy decisions
Which of the following compares a company's internal strengths with external opportunities?
SWOT analysis
detects external opportunities and threats. and is a strategy formulation tool that can be used after the organizational mission is established.
SWOT analysis
__________ is defined as long-range planning that focuses on the organization as a whole.
Strategic planning
Which is the advantage of programmed learning?
Student-paced learning
examining human resources for qualities relevant to performing available jobs.
Testing
Under Porter's Five Forces Model, what happens when the threat of substitutes increases?
The attractiveness of an industry decreases.
Strategic control is the __________ step in the strategic management process.
last
_____ is the job of recruiters. Recruiters are the individuals who are responsible for attracting and screening potential human resources available to fill open positions in the organization. They narrow a larger field of prospective employees to a small group of individuals that a manager may ultimately hire.
Identifying prospective human resources
consists of information about the characteristics of organization members. This inventory should indicate which individuals in the organization would be appropriate for filling a position if it became available.
A human resource inventory
Which of the following allows participants to engage in group exercises designed to simulate organizational activities?
Assessment centers
What should managers do to improve the benefit of performance appraisals to the organization?
Avoid using the performance appraisal as a rewarddash-punishment system
Why would a manufacturer develop a decision tree?
To determine the net expected gain between making changes to its existing product and developing a new product
The third step of the training process is ________ the training program.
administering
The second step of the training process is ________ the training program.
designing
Recruitment is the __________ step in providing appropriate human resources for an organization.
first
advantage of lectures
max exposure to info
In which step of the training process is the training actually delivered?
Administering the training program
refers to the fact that managers are constrained in their decision making by resources like time and knowledge and, therefore, may not have access to the resources they need to make rational decisions.
Bounded rationality
a tool that managers use to make complex decisions that involve sequential steps.
Decision trees
Which is a best practice when writing performance appraisals?
Describe how well the individual is achieving organizational objectives.
When writing performance appraisals, what should evaluators do?
Describe performance in relation to the position the individual holds.
To meet customer demand for pasta that contains protein, a manufacturer needs to determine the net expected gain between making changes to its existing product and developing a new product. What should management do first?
a decision tree
Which of the following is used to evaluate decisions that are complicated or involve a series of steps?
a decision tree
Probability theory is
a decision-making tool used in risk situations
An assessment center is __________.
a program in which participants engage in a number of individual and group exercises constructed to simulate important activities at the organizational levels to which they aspire
Stability is a strategy _________.
adopted by management to maintain or slightly improve the amount of business that a strategic business unit is generating
__________ is the ability to provide the organizational resources necessary to implement a strategy.
allocating skill
The economic component has implications on the _________ within an environment.
allocation and use of resources
Which of the following best measures the potential to perform a specific task?
aptitude test
__________ are a limitation on the number of problem-solving alternatives available. manager's superior told the manager that a certain alternative is not feasible
authority factors
The departure from rational theory that can result in less than optimal decisions is known as ________.
bias
__________ are a limitation on the number of problem-solving alternatives available. An example is when human factors within the organization may be inappropriate for implementing certain alternatives.
biological factors
The group decision-making process in which negative feedback is banned until all members have presented an alternative is known as ______.
brainstorming
Which of the following is NOT a major limitation on the number of problem-solving alternatives available?
brainstorming factors
In the BCG Growth-Share Matrix, which matrix quadrant is categorized as having a large share of a market that is growing only slightly?
cash cow
The rational decision-making process model is based on three primary assumptions. Which of the following is one of those assumptions?
decision makers will work to maximize satisfaction or return
Appropriate human resources are the individuals who make valuable contributions to management goals and _________.
determine organizational productivity
A company that competes by offering unique products that are widely valued by customers is following
differentiation strategy
Which of the following is unique to the nominal group technique compared to the other discussed group decision processes?
each member writes down ideas on the issue being discussed
A(n) __________ is a method of performance appraisal in which appraisers rank employees according to such factors as job performance and value to the organization.
employee comparison
To best understand what is happening both internally and externally to the organization, and to increase the probability of developing organizational strategies that reflect the organizational environment, a(n) ________ analysis should be undertaken.
environmental
Which of the following represents the first step in the strategic management process?
environmental analysis
The fourth step of the training process is ________ the training program.
evaluating
Jackie is looking to make a decision on which new product her company should put to market next from a group of alternatives. She begins by removing the least desirable alternatives from the set. What technique for considering alternatives is Jackie using?
exclusion
Decision makers who are willing to steal ideas as necessary to make good decisions have a(n) ________ orientation to the decision-making process.
exploitative
The __________ step of the training process is determining the organization's training needs, which are the information or skill areas of an individual or group that require further development to increase the productivity of that individual or group.
first
Which of the following is a strategy that targets a particular customer in order to make the organization more competitive?
focus
Which of the following competitive strategies is based on making a company competitive with a cost advantage in a very narrow and niche market?
focus strategy
When a company competes by offering a unique product to a very narrow or niche market
focused differentiation strategy
performance is the __________ step in providing appropriate human resources for an organization.
fourth
__________ is the ability to manage people during implementation.
interacting skill
Billy has an inborn ability to synthesize information quickly and effectively. His friends say he has a strong sense of _____.
intuition
What technique is used to obtain a thorough understanding of a position to be filled?
job analysis
Which of the following exposes job trainees to a maximum amount of information within a specific time period?
lecture
This card indicates the employee's age, year of employment, present position and the length of time he or she has held it, performance ratings, strengths and weaknesses, the positions to which he or she might move, when he or she would be ready to assume these positions, and additional training he or she would need to fill the positions.
management inventory card
A __________ presents a composite view of the individuals management considers significant for human resource planning.
management manpower replacement chart
The internal environment gives management more immediate and specific control over factors like _________.
marketing and accounting
A(n) vocational interest test __________.
measures an individual's interest in performing various kinds of jobs
An aptitude test __________.
measures the potential of an individual to perform a task
When making decisions using _________, group members can support potential solutions without fear of recrimination.
nominal group technique
decision IS unique and nonrecurring, and involves custom-made solutions.
nonprogrammed decision
A(n) _________ increases the likelihood that a firm will succeed by identifying major targets that need to be reached.
organizational mission
__________ is the ability to create throughout the organization a network of people who can help solve implementation problems as they occur.
organizing skill
Audrey tends to believe that her forecasts are better than they really are. This illustrates a decision-making bias known as ________.
overconfidence
Which of the following terms describes the negative effect of having too many alternatives?
paradox of choice
the process of reviewing individuals' past productive activity to evaluate the contribution they have made toward attaining management system objectives.
performance appraisal
__________ are a limitation on the number of problem-solving alternatives available. An example are when the physical facilities of the org. may be inappropriate for certain alternatives
physical factors
Emily is the Director of Human Resources at her firm and she is developing a form that focuses on position-centered information rather than people-centered information. She plans to use this form to identify what to do with any particular position if that incumbent were to leave the position, either as a promotion or the employee leaves the firm. The form she is developing is a(n) _____ form.
position replacement
Wallace is a decision maker at an organization and is unsure of what will be the outcome of an alternative in a simple decision situation. What decision-making tool would be most helpful for Wallace considering his predicament?
probability theory
A __________ decision is a repetitive decision that can be handled by a routine approach.
programmed
a technique for instructing without the presence or intervention of a human instructor
programmed learning
Allocating skill is the ability to __________.
provide the organizational resources necessary to implement a strategy
a method of performance appraisal in which individuals appraising performance use a form containing several employee qualities and characteristics to be evaluated.
rating scale
Choosing the specific individual to hire from all those who have been considered is known as the process of _________.
selection
Demographics, the statistical characteristics of a population, are reflected in the _________ component of the general environment.
social
A significant organizational segment that is analyzed to develop strategies for generating future business or revenue is known as a ________.
strategic business unit
_____ is the last step of the strategic management process and consists of monitoring and evaluating the strategic management process as a whole to ensure that it is operating properly.
strategic control
__________ is defined as a broad and general plan developed to reach long-term objectives.
strategy
After strategic formulation, __________ is the next step in the strategic management process.
strategy implementation
decisions are NOT unique and nonrecurring, and do not involve custom-made solutions.
structured decisions
Which process identifies who will follow whom in various positions within an organization?
succession planning
The proportion of the total management system that will be affected by a decision is known as ________.
the scope of the decision
In Porter's Five Forces Model, ________ refers to the ability of new firms to enter the industry.
the threat of new entrants
Paradox of choice can result in poor decisions because
there are too many alternatives. Having too many choices can be demotivating for decision makers and harm decision making.
training is the __________ step in providing appropriate human resources for an organization.
third
Why would manufacturers the Delphi technique
to generate and revise solutions to a specific problem until all participants reach a consensus.
Why would a manufacturer used probability theory
to identify the alternative outcome with the highest expected value in situations that involve risk
Why would a manufacturer use the nominal group technique
to involve all group members in an unstructured discussion that culminates in a vote by secret ballot.
The process of developing qualities in human resources that enable employees to be more productive is best known as _________.
training
Which of the following refers to situations where the likelihood of an outcome is not known in advance?
uncertainty
Which of the following would be considered a nonprogrammed type of decision?
whether the organization should expand its market to Africa
