4701 - 2

Laws such as the Clean Air​ Act, the Affordable Care​ Act, and the Consumer Products Safety Act are considered part of the​ _________ component of the general environment.

legal

The focus strategy is based on __________.

making a company competitive with a cost advantage in a very narrow and niche market

An employee's performance rating is listed on the __________.

management inventory card

Which of the following refers to the steps a decision maker takes to arrive at a​ decision?

rational decision-making process

Situations in which statistical probabilities can be attributed to alternative potential outcomes are known as __________.

risk

Which term refers to situations in which statistical probabilities can be assigned to possible​ results?

risk

selection is the ______ step in providing appropriate HR for an org

second

According to the BCG (Boston Consulting Group) matrix, business units with high market share and low anticipated growth rate are categorized as __________.

cash cows

Which law created the Equal Employment Opportunity​ Commission?

civil rights act

Which of the following suggests that managers should provide funds for planning only when they anticipate a reasonable return on​ investment?

commitment principle

How a firm undertakes strategic and tactical​ actions, and​ competitors' responses to those​ actions, is referred to as​ ________.

competitive dynamics

__________ refers to the process by which firms undertake strategic and tactical actions and how competitors respond to these actions.

competitive dynamics

Which term refers to people tending to seek out information that supports their preconceived beliefs and ignoring any information that undermines those​ beliefs?

confirmation bias

A relevant alternative is

considered feasible for solving an existing problem and for implementation

​Walmart's strategy focuses on offering lower prices than its competitors. This is an example of which generic​ strategy?

cost leadership

What type of appraisal system requires recording good and bad events that involve employees as the events take​ place?

critical-form essay

Which of the following is a key disadvantage of group decision​ making?

group decisions can be lower quality because of groupthink

How is the Delphi technique different than the nominal group technique or the brainstorming​ technique?

groups do not meet face to face

a strategy adopted by management to increase the amount of business that a strategic business unit is currently generating

growth

__________ refers to simple rules of thumb.

heuristics

According to the BCG (Boston Consulting Group) matrix, a business unit with __________ would be placed in stars.

high market share and high anticipated growth rate

The​ _____ orientation is characterized by the desire to preserve the status quo as much as possible.

hoarding

consists of information about the characteristics of organization members.

human resource inventory

What is the first step in the rational​ decision-making process​ model?

identifying an existing problem

An organizational mission increases the likelihood that a firm will succeed by _________.

identifying major targets that need to be reached

Decision makers must put the decision into action by conveying it to those affected in the __________ step of the decision-making process.

implement the alternative

which is an advantage of group decision making?

implementation support

Selection is the process __________.

in which the job applicants are screened to ensure that the most appropriate candidates are hired

Kasey is attempting to make a decision and she wants to avoid the paradox of choice. She has a list of​ alternatives, but it is very long.​ So, she makes a smaller list of the most desirable alternatives from which to choose. She is using​ a(n) _____ strategy.

inclusion

​________ involves outlining what the different parts of an organization should do in order to be successful at some point one year or less into the future.

tactical planning

__________ are a limitation on the number of problem-solving alternatives available. An example are when the level of technology may be inadequate for certain alternatives

technological factors

​_________ looks at human resources for qualities that relate to performing available jobs.

testing

Interacting skill is __________.

the ability to manage people during implementation

Monitoring skill is __________.

the ability to use information to determine whether a problem has arisen that is blocking implementation

The basic element of decision making that focuses on deciding the best course of action among potential solutions is called​ ________.

the choice of alternatives

Recruitment is defined as __________.

the initial attraction and screening of the supply of prospective human resources available to fill a position

Which of the following is a key advantage of group decision​ making?

Group members perceive the decision as their own and are more likely to take responsibility for it.

​Record-keeping devices for a human resource inventory help management answer all of the following questions EXCEPT which​ one?

What will be the level of salary and benefits needed to replace an​ individual?

When an organization is evaluating a training program for​ effectiveness, which of the following should be the primary​ consideration?

Whether the training met the needs for which it was designed

a method of performance appraisal in which appraisers simply write down their impressions of employees in paragraph form.

free-form essay

__________ is defined as short-range planning that emphasizes the current operations of various parts of the organization.

tactical planning

are non-programmed decisions that are one-shot and ill structured.

Policy decisions

Which of the following compares a​ company's internal strengths with external​ opportunities?

SWOT analysis

detects external opportunities and threats. and is a strategy formulation tool that can be used after the organizational mission is established.

SWOT analysis

__________ is defined as long-range planning that focuses on the organization as a whole.

Strategic planning

Which is the advantage of programmed learning?

Student-paced learning

examining human resources for qualities relevant to performing available jobs.

Testing

Under​ Porter's Five Forces​ Model, what happens when the threat of substitutes​ increases?

The attractiveness of an industry decreases.

Strategic control is the __________ step in the strategic management process.

last

_____ is the job of recruiters. Recruiters are the individuals who are responsible for attracting and screening potential human resources available to fill open positions in the organization. They narrow a larger field of prospective employees to a small group of individuals that a manager may ultimately hire.

Identifying prospective human resources

consists of information about the characteristics of organization members. This inventory should indicate which individuals in the organization would be appropriate for filling a position if it became available.

A human resource inventory

Which of the following allows participants to engage in group exercises designed to simulate organizational​ activities?

Assessment centers

What should managers do to improve the benefit of performance appraisals to the​ organization?

Avoid using the performance appraisal as a rewarddash-punishment system

Why would a manufacturer develop a decision tree?

To determine the net expected gain between making changes to its existing product and developing a new product

The third step of the training process is ________ the training program.

administering

The second step of the training process is ________ the training program.

designing

Recruitment is the __________ step in providing appropriate human resources for an organization.

first

advantage of lectures

max exposure to info

In which step of the training process is the training actually​ delivered?

Administering the training program

refers to the fact that managers are constrained in their decision making by resources like time and knowledge and, therefore, may not have access to the resources they need to make rational decisions.

Bounded rationality

a tool that managers use to make complex decisions that involve sequential steps.

Decision trees

Which is a best practice when writing performance appraisals?

Describe how well the individual is achieving organizational objectives.

When writing performance appraisals, what should evaluators do?

Describe performance in relation to the position the individual holds.

To meet customer demand for pasta that contains protein, a manufacturer needs to determine the net expected gain between making changes to its existing product and developing a new product. What should management do first?

a decision tree

Which of the following is used to evaluate decisions that are complicated or involve a series of​ steps?

a decision tree

Probability theory is

a decision-making tool used in risk situations

An assessment center is __________.

a program in which participants engage in a number of individual and group exercises constructed to simulate important activities at the organizational levels to which they aspire

Stability is a strategy _________.

adopted by management to maintain or slightly improve the amount of business that a strategic business unit is generating

__________ is the ability to provide the organizational resources necessary to implement a strategy.

allocating skill

The economic component has implications on the _________ within an environment.

allocation and use of resources

Which of the following best measures the potential to perform a specific​ task?

aptitude test

__________ are a limitation on the number of problem-solving alternatives available. manager's superior told the manager that a certain alternative is not feasible

authority factors

The departure from rational theory that can result in less than optimal decisions is known as​ ________.

bias

__________ are a limitation on the number of problem-solving alternatives available. An example is when human factors within the organization may be inappropriate for implementing certain alternatives.

biological factors

The group​ decision-making process in which negative feedback is banned until all members have presented an alternative is known as​ ______.

brainstorming

Which of the following is NOT a major limitation on the number of​ problem-solving alternatives​ available?

brainstorming factors

In the BCG​ Growth-Share Matrix, which matrix quadrant is categorized as having a large share of a market that is growing only​ slightly?

cash cow

The rational​ decision-making process model is based on three primary assumptions. Which of the following is one of those​ assumptions?

decision makers will work to maximize satisfaction or return

Appropriate human resources are the individuals who make valuable contributions to management goals and _________.

determine organizational productivity

A company that competes by offering unique products that are widely valued by customers is following

differentiation strategy

Which of the following is unique to the nominal group technique compared to the other discussed group decision​ processes?

each member writes down ideas on the issue being discussed

A(n) __________ is a method of performance appraisal in which appraisers rank employees according to such factors as job performance and value to the organization.

employee comparison

To best understand what is happening both internally and externally to the​ organization, and to increase the probability of developing organizational strategies that reflect the organizational​ environment, a(n)​ ________ analysis should be undertaken.

environmental

Which of the following represents the first step in the strategic management​ process?

environmental analysis

The fourth step of the training process is ________ the training program.

evaluating

Jackie is looking to make a decision on which new product her company should put to market next from a group of alternatives. She begins by removing the least desirable alternatives from the set. What technique for considering alternatives is Jackie​ using?

exclusion

Decision makers who are willing to steal ideas as necessary to make good decisions have​ a(n) ________ orientation to the​ decision-making process.

exploitative

The __________ step of the training process is determining the organization's training needs, which are the information or skill areas of an individual or group that require further development to increase the productivity of that individual or group.

first

Which of the following is a strategy that targets a particular customer in order to make the organization more​ competitive?

focus

Which of the following competitive strategies is based on making a company competitive with a cost advantage in a very narrow and niche market?

focus strategy

When a company competes by offering a unique product to a very narrow or niche market

focused differentiation strategy

performance is the __________ step in providing appropriate human resources for an organization.

fourth

__________ is the ability to manage people during implementation.

interacting skill

Billy has an inborn ability to synthesize information quickly and effectively. His friends say he has a strong sense of​ _____.

intuition

What technique is used to obtain a thorough understanding of a position to be​ filled?

job analysis

Which of the following exposes job trainees to a maximum amount of information within a specific time​ period?

lecture

This card indicates the employee's age, year of employment, present position and the length of time he or she has held it, performance ratings, strengths and weaknesses, the positions to which he or she might move, when he or she would be ready to assume these positions, and additional training he or she would need to fill the positions.

management inventory card

A __________ presents a composite view of the individuals management considers significant for human resource planning.

management manpower replacement chart

The internal environment gives management more immediate and specific control over factors like _________.

marketing and accounting

A(n) vocational interest test __________.

measures an individual's interest in performing various kinds of jobs

An aptitude test __________.

measures the potential of an individual to perform a task

When making decisions using _________, group members can support potential solutions without fear of recrimination.

nominal group technique

decision IS unique and nonrecurring, and involves custom-made solutions.

nonprogrammed decision

A(n) _________ increases the likelihood that a firm will succeed by identifying major targets that need to be reached.

organizational mission

__________ is the ability to create throughout the organization a network of people who can help solve implementation problems as they occur.

organizing skill

Audrey tends to believe that her forecasts are better than they really are. This illustrates a​ decision-making bias known as​ ________.

overconfidence

Which of the following terms describes the negative effect of having too many​ alternatives?

paradox of choice

the process of reviewing individuals' past productive activity to evaluate the contribution they have made toward attaining management system objectives.

performance appraisal

__________ are a limitation on the number of problem-solving alternatives available. An example are when the physical facilities of the org. may be inappropriate for certain alternatives

physical factors

Emily is the Director of Human Resources at her firm and she is developing a form that focuses on​ position-centered information rather than​ people-centered information. She plans to use this form to identify what to do with any particular position if that incumbent were to leave the​ position, either as a promotion or the employee leaves the firm. The form she is developing is​ a(n) _____ form.

position replacement

Wallace is a decision maker at an organization and is unsure of what will be the outcome of an alternative in a simple decision situation. What​ decision-making tool would be most helpful for Wallace considering his​ predicament?

probability theory

A __________ decision is a repetitive decision that can be handled by a routine approach.

programmed

a technique for instructing without the presence or intervention of a human instructor

programmed learning

Allocating skill is the ability to __________.

provide the organizational resources necessary to implement a strategy

a method of performance appraisal in which individuals appraising performance use a form containing several employee qualities and characteristics to be evaluated.

rating scale

Choosing the specific individual to hire from all those who have been considered is known as the process of​ _________.

selection

​Demographics, the statistical characteristics of a​ population, are reflected in the​ _________ component of the general environment.

social

A significant organizational segment that is analyzed to develop strategies for generating future business or revenue is known as a​ ________.

strategic business unit

​_____ is the last step of the strategic management process and consists of monitoring and evaluating the strategic management process as a whole to ensure that it is operating properly.

strategic control

__________ is defined as a broad and general plan developed to reach long-term objectives.

strategy

After strategic formulation, __________ is the next step in the strategic management process.

strategy implementation

decisions are NOT unique and nonrecurring, and do not involve custom-made solutions.

structured decisions

Which process identifies who will follow whom in various positions within an​ organization?

succession planning

The proportion of the total management system that will be affected by a decision is known as​ ________.

the scope of the decision

In​ Porter's Five Forces​ Model, ________ refers to the ability of new firms to enter the industry.

the threat of new entrants

Paradox of choice can result in poor decisions because

there are too many alternatives. Having too many choices can be demotivating for decision makers and harm decision making.

training is the __________ step in providing appropriate human resources for an organization.

third

Why would manufacturers the Delphi technique

to generate and revise solutions to a specific problem until all participants reach a consensus.

Why would a manufacturer used probability theory

to identify the alternative outcome with the highest expected value in situations that involve risk

Why would a manufacturer use the nominal group technique

to involve all group members in an unstructured discussion that culminates in a vote by secret ballot.

The process of developing qualities in human resources that enable employees to be more productive is best known as​ _________.

training

Which of the following refers to situations where the likelihood of an outcome is not known in​ advance?

uncertainty

Which of the following would be considered a nonprogrammed type of​ decision?

whether the organization should expand its market to Africa