6.1

Areas bordering the primary auditory cortex are important for ____.​

analyzing the meaning of sounds

A tonotopic map refers to a(n) ____.​

auditory cortex map of sounds

Damage to the primary auditory cortex results in ____.​

difficulty in responding to sequences of sounds

Tinnitus may be ____.​

due to a phenomenon like the phantom limb

Pitch is a perception related to which aspect of sound?​

frequency

Conductive deafness is also known as ____.​

middle ear deafness

Where are the auditory receptor cells located?​

on the basilar membrane

Timing differences can be used most accurately for localizing ____

sudden-onset sounds

To what lobe of the cerebral cortex is auditory information sent?​

temporal

How do sound waves ultimately result in the production of receptor potentials?​

​Hair cells in the cochlea vibrate, causing ion channels to open in their membrane.

Which of the following is true for nerve deafness?​

​It can result from damage to the cochlea.

Why is it important for sound vibrations to be amplified as they pass through the ear?​

​More force is needed to create waves in fluid.

​What occurs to a tone as the frequency increases?

​Pitch gets higher.

Three small bones connect the tympanic membrane to the oval window. What is the function of these bones?​

​They convert airwaves into waves of greater pressure.

Visual imagery is to ____ as auditory imagery is to ____.​

​V1; A1

The ability to hear a note and identify it perfectly is called ____.​

​absolute pitch

What dimension determines the intensity of a sound wave?​

​amplitude

According to the frequency theory, the ____.​

​basilar membrane vibrates in synchrony with a sound, producing action potentials at the same frequency

The ____ of a sound is the number of compressions per second.​

​frequency

The fact that the refractory period limits the firing rate of a neuron is problematic for which of the following?​

​frequency theory only

Perception of a low tone is to ____ as perception of a high tone is to ____.​

​frequency theory; place theory

Vibrations in the fluid of the cochlea causes ____.​

​hair cells to displace

A sound shadow refers to ____.​

​how much louder a high-frequency sound is for the ear closest to the sound

What is the perception of the intensity of a sound wave called?​

​loudness

What sound characteristics can be compared between the two ears to locate the source of the sound?​

​loudness and timing

In the auditory system, hair cells are specialized receptors that respond to ____.​

​mechanical displacement

Patients with damage in area MT have problems with perception of ____.​

​movement of objects and sounds

What kind of deafness is the result of damage to the cochlea or the hair cells?​

​nerve

The tympanic membrane connects to three tiny bones that transmit the vibrations to the ____. ​

​oval window

Humans localize low frequencies by ____ differences and high frequencies by ____ differences. ​

​phase; loudness

The structure that we commonly refer to as the ear (on the outside of the head) is formally known as the ____.

​pinna

Timing differences can be used most accurately for localizing ____.​

​sudden-onset sounds

Most auditory information is sent to which hemisphere of the brain?​

​the contralateral side

The eardrum vibrates at ____.​

​the same frequency as the sound waves that hit it

The eardrum is also known as the ____.​

​tympanic membrane

The current view of how we perceive high frequencies is based on ____.​

​where along the basilar membrane neurons fire most rapidly