6.3

The law of effect was most clearly highlighted by:

Skinner's experiments on reinforcement.

A token used in exchange for a food item is an example of

a secondary reinforcer

Airline frequent flyer programs that reward customers with a free flight after every 25,000 miles of travel illustrate the use of a ________ schedule of reinforcement.

fixed-ratio

All of the following are examples of primary reinforcers except a

high score on an exam for which a student studied diligently.

A disadvantage of primary reinforcers that can be avoided by using secondary reinforcers:

satiation

In teaching her son to play basketball, Mrs. Richards initially reinforces him with praise for simply dribbling while standing still, then only for walking while dribbling, and finally only for running while dribbling. She is using a procedure known as:

shaping

Jemma wants to teach her son to say thank you. Every time he says thank you, Jemma praises him and gives him a hug. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

Continuous

Which of the following is an example of fixed ratio reinforcement schedule?

Knowing you will get to play miniature golf as soon as you collect 10 gold stars for your reward chart

Learning that occurs but is not observable in behavior until there is a reason to demonstrate it is called ________ learning.

Latent

The work of Thorndike on the Law of Effect best reflected the ______________ school of psychological thought.

behaviorist

Negative punishment ________ the rate of operant responding, and negative reinforcement ________ the rate of operant responding.

decreases; increases