650-664

Instead of focusing on unconscious and repressed thoughts and impulses, ________ therapies focus on conscious thoughts and self-perceptions.

Humanistic

Psychoanalysts are most likely to view patient transference as

a helpful aid to the process of therapy

An important feature of client-centered therapy is

active listening

When Murli told his therapist, "I came to see what you could do for me," the therapist responded, "It sounds like you're feeling you need some help. Am I right?" The therapist's response illustrates the technique of

active listening

Connor is constantly chewing tobacco. To reduce his appetite for this product, a behavior therapist would most likely use

aversive conditioning

To help Claire quit smoking, a therapist delivers an electric shock to her arm each time she smokes a cigarette. The therapist is using

aversive conditioning

Two counterconditioning techniques for replacing unwanted responses are

aversive conditioning and exposure therapy

Therapists practice ________ by using positive reinforcers to reward closer and closer approximations of a desired behavior.

behavior modification

According to psychoanalysts, resistance refers to the

blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material during therapy

During a marriage counseling session, the therapist suggests to Mr. and Mrs. Gallo that they each restate their spouse's comments before making their own. The therapist was applying a technique most closely associated with

client-centered therapy

Although originally trained in Freudian techniques, Aaron Beck developed a ________ therapy for depression.

cognitive

A procedure that trains people to make new responses to stimuli that currently trigger unwanted responses is called

counterconditioning

Benny's mother tries to reduce his fear of sailing by giving the 3-year-old his favorite candy as soon as they board the boat. The mother's strategy best illustrates

counterconditioning

Psychoanalysts would be most likely to discourage patients from

discontinuing psychotherapy whenever they felt it was no longer necessary

According to Mary Cover Jones, 3-year-old Peter lost his fear of rabbits when one was repeatedly presented while he was eating his midafternoon snack. This episode best illustrated the potential usefulness of

exposure therapies

Insight therapies aim to improve psychological functioning by

increasing the client's awareness of underlying motives and defenses

Which form of therapy would most likely help depressed patients by teaching them how to resolve disagreements with their friends?

interpersonal psychotherapy

A token economy represents an application of the principles of

operant conditioning

Praising socially withdrawn children when they make eye contact with others and ignoring them after a temper tantrum best illustrates an application of

operant conditioning

In the United States, managed health care has limited the number of psychotherapy sessions that may be covered by insurance. This is particularly likely to discourage the widespread practice of

psychoanalysis

Which of the following therapists would most likely try to understand an adult's psychological disorder by exploring that person's childhood experiences?

psychoanalyst

Psychological disorders that researchers believe are learned, such as phobias, are most likely to be treated with

psychotherapy

Which therapeutic approach emphasizes that people are often disturbed because they are unrealistic in their belief that they should never experience rejection

rational emotive behavior therapy

Gina is so fearful of taking tests for college courses that she experiences mild anxiety when registering for a course, intense anxiety when studying for a test, and extreme anxiety when answering actual test questions. Her greatest fear, however, is experienced while waiting for a professor to hand out tests. During the process of systematically desensitizing her test anxiety, the therapist is likely to ask Gina first to imagine

registering for a college course.

Stress inoculation training focuses on helping people to

replace negative self-talk with more positive comments.

Cognitive therapists would be most likely to encourage depressed clients to

stop blaming themselves for negative circumstances beyond their control.

Jonathan is afraid to ask a girl for a date, so his therapist instructs him to relax and simply imagine he is reaching for his cell phone and then calling a potential date. The therapist's technique best illustrates the process of

systematic desensitization

Which of the following is a type of exposure therapy?

systematic desensitization

Mrs. Coleman is a withdrawn schizophrenia patient. To help her become more socially active, institutional staff members give her small plastic cards whenever she talks to someone. She is allowed to exchange these cards for candy and cigarettes. Staff members are making use of

token economy

Proponents of behavior modification have suggested that institutionalized patients can be weaned from ________ by shifting them to other rewards common to life outside an institution.

token economy

Systematic desensitization is to classical conditioning as ________ is to operant conditioning.

token economy

Lynn has begun to buy small gifts for her therapist, and she feels extremely jealous of the time he spends with his other patients. To a psychoanalyst, this is most indicative of

transference

Carl Rogers referred to a caring, nonjudgmental attitude as

unconditional positive regard

A therapist who takes an eclectic approach is one who

uses a variety of psychological theories and therapeutic approaches

Which of the following techniques have behavior therapists used to help people overcome a fear of flying?

virtual reality exposure therapy