7.1 Quiz Biology
____________ RNA copies the genetic instructions from DNA in the nucleus, and carries them to the cytoplasm.
Messenger
In DNA, A always pairs with ____________, and G always pairs with ____________.
T, C
The subunits of DNA are nucleotides consisting of
a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base.
helps form ribosomes
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Chargaff's rules state that
the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine.
brings amino acids to ribosomes
transfer RNA (tRNA)
Which of the following statements concerning DNA is correct? (1) DNA contains instructions for all the proteins your body makes. (2) The shape of DNA is a double helix. (3) The central dogma of molecular biology states RNA → DNA → Protein.
1 and 2
Differences between DNA and RNA include which of the following? (1) RNA consists of one nucleotide chain. (2) RNA contains the nitrogen base uracil instead of thymine. (3) RNA contains the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose.
1, 2, and 3
The amount of A equals the amount of T and the amount of G equals the amount of C is known as ____________ rules.
Chargaff's
the amount of A = T, and the amount of C = G
Chargaff's rules
the process in which DNA is copied
DNA replication
Griffith showed that a substance could be transferred to harmless bacteria and make them ____________.
Dangerous
DNA stands for ____________.
Deoxyribose nucleic acid
used X rays to learn more about DNA's structure
Franklin
T or F? Erwin Chargaff demonstrated that in DNA, the amount of adenine is about the same as the amount of guanine.
False
T or F? For many decades, scientists thought that proteins were the genetic material.
False
T or F? In DNA replication, half of the parent DNA molecule is conserved in each of the two daughter DNA molecules.
False
T or F? In eukaryotic cells, proteins always remain in the nucleus, but DNA is made at ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
False
T or F? James Watson and Francis Crick used X rays to learn about DNA's structure.
False
T or F? Oswald Avery was the first to conclude that DNA is the genetic material.
False
T or F? RNA is much larger than DNA.
False
T or F? There are 4 types of RNA: mRNA, rRNA, sRNA, and tRNA.
False
If one strand of DNA is CAGGTTACG, the opposite strand is
GTCCAATGC
found that there exists a substance that could change the characteristics of another organism
Griffith
The order of experiments proving that DNA is the genetic material is
Griffith → Avery → Hershey and Chase.
The DNA molecule has a double ____________ shape.
Helix
_________ and Chase confirmed that DNA is the genetic material.
Hershey
confirmed that DNA is the genetic material
Hershey and Chase
The structure of DNA was identified by
James Watson and Francis Crick.
DNA → RNA → ____________
Protein
________ contains the nitrogen base uracil.
RNA
_______ RNA helps form ribosomes,
Ribosomal
Proteins are made in the cytoplasm on small organelles called ____________.
Ribosomes
______ RNA brings amino acids to ribosomes,
Transfer
T or F? Because of Chargaff's rules, if the order of bases on one strand of DNA is known, the order of bases on the other strand can be predicted.
True
T or F? DNA contains instructions for all the proteins your body makes.
True
T or F? If one strand of DNA is GAATTC, the opposite strand would be CTTAAG.
True
T or F? Proteins are made on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
True
T or F? RNA uses the instructions in DNA to make a protein.
True
T or F? The shape of DNA is similar to a spiral staircase, and is referred to as a double helix.
True
T or F? mRNA is a copy of the genetic instructions from the DNA.
True
discovered the shape of DNA
Watson and Crick
DNA → RNA → Protein
central dogma of molecular biology
the shape of DNA
double helix
copies the genetic instructions from DNA in the nucleus, and carries the instructions to the cytoplasm
messenger RNA (mRNA)
The types of RNA include
messenger RNA.
subunit of DNA
nucleotide