8.0 Project Quality Management
8.0 Trends in Project Quality Management
* Customer Satisfaction : Understand, evaluate, define and manage requirements so that customer expectations are met. * Continual Improvement : The Plan-do-Check-act (PDCA) cycle is the basis for quality improvement as defined by Shewhart and modified by Deming. * Management Responsibility: Success requires the participation of all members of the project team. * Mutually beneficial partnership with suppliers:
8.1.1. Plan Quality Management : Inputs
8.1.1.1 Project Charter : 4.1.3.1 The project charter provides the high-level project description and product characteristics. It also contains the project approval requirements, measurable project objectives and related success criteria that will influence the quality management of the project. 8.1.1.2 Project Management Plan * Requirements Management Plan : 5.1.3.2. The Requirements management plan provides the approach for identifying, analyzing and managing the requirements that the quality management plan and quality metrics will reference. * Risk Management Plan : 11.1.3.1 * Stakeholder Engagement Plan : 13.2.3.1 * Scope Baseline 8.1.1.3 Project Documents: * Assumption Log * Requirements Documentation * Requirement Traceability Matrix * Risk Register * Stakeholder Register 8.1.1.4 Enterprise Environmental Factors * Governmental Agency requlations * Rules, standards and guidelines specific to application area. * Geographic Function. * Organizational Structure * Marketplace Conditions * Working or Operating Conditions of the projet * Cultural perceptions 8.1.1.5 Organizational Process Assets * Organizational Quality Management System including policies, procedures and guidelines. * Quality Templates such as check sheets, trace ability matrix and ohers * Historical Databases and lessons learned repository.
8.1.2 Plan Quality Management : Tools and Techniques
8.1.2.1 Expert Judgement : * Quality Assurance * Quality Control, * Quality Measurements * Quality Improvements * Quality Systems 8.1.2.2 Data Gathering * Benchmarking * Brainstorming * Interviews 8.1.2.3 Data Analysis * Cost Benefit Analysis * Cost of Quality ** Prevention Costs : Build a quality product ** Appraisal Costs : Assess the quality ** Failure Costs 8.1.2.4 Decision Making 8.1.2.5 Data Representation * Flowcharts * Logical Data Models * Matrix Diagrams * Mind Mapping 8.1.2.6 Test and Inspection Planning 8.1.2.7 Meetings
8.1.3 Plan Quality Management : Outputs
8.1.3.1 Quality Management Plan : It is a component of the project management plan that describes how applicable policies, procedures, and guidelines will be implemented to achieve the quality objectives. The quality management plan should be reviewed early in the project to ensure that decisions are based on accurate information. 8.1.3.2 Quality Metrics 8.1.3.3 Project Management Plan Updates * Risk Management Plan * Scope Baseline 8.1.3.4 Project Document Updates * Lessons Learned Register * Requirements Traceability Matrix * Risk Register * Stakeholder Register
8.2.1 Manage Quality : Inputs
8.2.1.1 Project Management Plan : 8.2.1.2 Project Documents * Lessons Learned Register * Quality Control Measurements * Quality Metrics * Risk Reports 8.2.1.3 Organizational Process Assets
8.2.2 Manage Quality : Tools and Techniques
8.2.2.1 Data Gathering 8.2.2.2 Data Analysis * Alternative Analysis * Document Analysis * Process Analysis * Root Cause Analysis (RCA) 8.2.2.3 Decision Making 8.2.2.4 Data Representation * Affinity Diagrams * Cause-and-effect diagrams : Fishbone diagrams , why-why-diagrams, Ishiwaka Diagrams. * FLow Charts * Histograms * Matrix Diagrams * Scatter Diagrams 8.2.2.5 Audits 8.2.2.6 Design for X 8.2.2.7 Problem Solving 8.2.2.8 Quality Improvement Methods
8.2.3 Manage Quality : Output
8.2.3.1 Quality Reports 8.2.3.2 Test and Evaluation Documents 8.2.3.3 Change Requests 8.2.3.4 Project Management Plan Updates * Quality Management Plan * Scope Baseline * Schedule Baseline * Cost Baseline 8.2.3.5 Project Document Updates * Issue Log * Lessons Learned Register * Risk Register
8.3.1 Control Quality : Inputs
8.3.1.1 Project Management Plan 8.3.1.2 Project Documents * Lessons Learned Register * Quality Metrics * Test and evaluation documents 8.3.1.3 Approved Change Requests 8.3.1.4 Deliverables : Deliverables that are outputs from the Direct and Manage project work processes are inspected and compared to the acceptance criteria defined in the project scope statement. 8.3.1.5 Work Performance Data 8.3.1.6 Enterprise Enviromental Factors 8.3.1.7 Organizational Process Assets
8.3.2 Control Quality : Tools and Techniques
8.3.2.1 Data Gathering * Check Lists * Check Sheets * Statistical Sampling * Questionnaires and Surveys 8.3.2.2 Data Analysis * Performance Reviews * Root Cause analysis 8.3.2.3 Inspection 8.3.2.4 Testing/Product Evaluations 8.3.2.5 Data Representation * Cause and Effect Diagrams * Control Charts * Histograms * Scatter Diagrams 8.3.2.6 Meetings * Approved Change Requests Review * Retrospectives/lesson learned
8.3.3 Control Quality : Outputs
8.3.3.1 Quality Control Measurements 8.3.3.2 Verified Deliverable 8.3.3.3 Work Performance Information 8.3.3.4 Change Requests 8.3.3.5 Project Management Plan Updates 8.3.3.6 Project Document Updates * Issue Log * Lessons Learned Register * Risk Register * Test and Evaluation Documents *
8.3 Control Quality
Control Quality is the process of monitoring and recording results of executing the quality management activities in order to assess performance and ensure the project outputs are complete and meet customer expectations. The key benefit of this process is verifying that project deliverables and work meet requirements specified by key stakeholders for final acceptance. The Control quality process determines if the project outputs do what they were intended to do. This process is done through out the project.
8.0 Tailoring Project Quality Management Processes
Each project is unique, there PM need to tailor the PQM processes. * Policy Compliance and Auditing : What quality policies and procedures exist in the organization? What quality tools. techniques and templates are used in organization ? * Standards and regulatory compliance : Are there any specific quality standards in the industry that need to be applied? Are there any specific governmental , legal or regulatory constraints that need to be taken into consideration. * Continuous Improvement * Stakeholder Engagement : Is there a collaborative environment for stakeholders and suppliers.
8.2 Manage Quality
Manage Quality is the process of translating the quality management plan into executable quality activities that incorporate the organizations quality policies into the project. The key benefits of this process are that it increases the probability of meeting the quality objectives as well as identifying ineffective processes and causes of poor quality. Manage Quality uses the data and results from the control quality processes to reflect the overall quality status of the project to the stakeholders. This process is performed through out the process. Manage Quality is some times called Quality Assurance.
8.1 Plan Quality Management
PQM is the process of identifying quality requirements, standards for the project and its deliverables, and documenting how the project will demonstrate compliance with quality requirements standards. The key benefits of this process is that it provides guidance and direction on how quality will be managed and verified through out the project. This process is performed once or at predefined points in the project.
8.0 Project Quality Management
Project Quality Management includes the processes for incorporating the organization's quality policy regarding planning, managing and controlling project and product quality requirements in order to meet stakeholder's objectives. Project Quality Management also supports continuous process improvement activities as undertaken on behalf of the performing organization. 8.1 Plan Quality Management : The process of identifying quality requirements standards for the project and its deliverables, and documenting how the project will demonstrate compliance with quality requirements or standards. 8.2 Manage Quality : The process of translating the quality management plan into executable quality activities that incorporate the organizations quality policies into the project. 8.3 Control Quality : The process of monitoring and recording the results of executing the quality management activities to assess performance and ensure the project outputs are complete, correct and meet customer expectations. The Cost of Quality ( COQ) includes all costs incurred over the life of the product by investment in preventing non conformance to requirements, appraising the product or service for conformance to requirements, and failing to meet requirements. Failure Costs or Cost of Poor Quality: They are often categorized as internal ( found by the project team ) and external (found by the customer ). There are five levels of effective quality managements * Let the customer find the defects : This approach is most expensive. It can lead to warranty issues, recalls, loss of reputation and rework costs. * Detect and correct the defects before the deliverables are sent to the customer as part of quality control process. The control quality process has related costs, which are mainly the appraisal costs and internal failure costs. * Use Quality Assurance to examine and correct the process itself and not just special defects. * Incorporate quality into planning and designing of the project and product. * Create a culture throughout the organization that is aware and committed to quality in processes and products.