A & P 1 Module 15 - Autonomic Nervous System
?The somatic nervous system (SNS) and ANS differ in all of the following ways except ______________. a The origin of the nerve cell bodies b The myelination of the axons c Their efferent pathways d Their effectors
A
Which neurotransmitter will result in acceleration of the heart rate? a Acetylcholine b Epinephrine c Serotonin d Adenosine triphosphate
B
Preparing the body for the "fight-or-flight" response is the role of the ______________. a Parasympathetic nervous system b Cerebellum c Sympathetic nervous system d Somatic nervous system
C
The route of major parasympathetic outflow from the head is via the ______________. a Sympathetic trunk b Facial nerve c Vagus nerve d Glossopharyngeal nerve
C
beta 1 adrenergic receptor
amylase release
Which of the following tissues is only innervated by the sympathetic NS? Select all that apply. a Pupil b Kidney c Pancreas d Salivary glands e Liver
B, E
The parasympathetic ganglion that serves the eye is the ______________. a Ciliary ganglion b Optic ganglion c Submandibular ganglion d Otic ganglion
A
What is the "resting and digesting" division of the ANS? a Parasympathetic division b Sympathetic division c Central nervous system d Peripheral nervous system
A
Which nerve has parasympathetic control of the heart? a The vagus nerve b The oculomotor nerve c The pelvic nerve d The glossopharyngeal nerve
A
Which nerve has sympathetic control of arrector pili smooth muscle? a Spinal nerve b The oculomotor nerve c The pelvic nerve d The glossopharyngeal nerve
A
Which of the following adrenergic neurotransmitter receptors plays the major role in heart activity? a Beta 1 b Beta 2 c Beta 3 d Alpha 1
A
Which of the following statements correctly describe chain ganglia? Select all that apply. a They are found along the entire length of the spinal cord. b They carry parasympathetic pre-ganglionic fibers out to target tissues. c They contain just the pre-ganglionic cell. d They contain just the post-ganglionic cell. e They carry sympathetic post-ganglionic fibers out to target tissues.
A, D
Which of the following choices about norepinephrine (NE) is incorrect? a Sympathetic pre-ganglionic neurons secrete NE. b Parts of the body that produce NE are said to be noradrenergic. c Sympathetic post-ganglionic neurons secrete NE. d NE is both a neurotransmitter and a hormone.
B
Which of the following does not describe the ANS? a A system of motor neurons that innervates smooth and cardiac muscle and glands b A system of sensory neurons that innervates all muscle cells c An involuntary nervous system d General visceral motor system
B
Which of the following is not a result of parasympathetic stimulation? a Salivation b Dilation of the pupils c Increased peristalsis of the digestive viscera d Elimination of urine
B
Which of the following plexuses is not an origin for the pre-ganglionic fibers of the vagus nerve? a Esophageal plexus b Cervical plexus c Pulmonary plexus d Cardiac plexus
B
?Which of the following is an incorrect pairing? a ACh constricts bronchi. b ACh stimulates peristalsis. c ACh dilates the pupil. d ACh slows heart rate.
C
Over 90% of all parasympathetic fibers are derived from which cranial nerve? a V b VII c X d XII
C
Which of the following is not a plexus of the vagus nerve? a Cardiac b Celiac c Abdominal d Esophageal
C
The parasympathetic branch of the ANS ________________. Select all that apply. a originates in the thoracic region of the spinal cord. b innervates organs and tissues only in the bottom half of the body. c arises from the brainstem and lower regions of the spinal cord. d has long pre-ganglionic fibers.
C, D
Fibers that enter and leave the sympathetic chain without synapsing form structures called ______________. a White rami communicantes b Gray rami communicantes c Spinal nerves d Splanchnic nerves
D
Which of these cranial nerves contains pre-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers? a I, Olfactory b IV, Trochlear c VIII, Vestibulocochlear d X, Vagus
D
Which of the following correctly describes an ANS reflex? a If a tissue is innervated by both branches, then they always have opposite effects. b The parasympathetic branch is always stimulatory. c The sympathetic branch is always stimulatory. d Tissues are only innervated by one branch. e Tissues can be innervated by both branches and they usually have opposite effects.
E
beta 2 adrenergic receptor
increased insulin release
beta 3 adrenergic receptor
increased lipolysis
gamma 2 adrenergic receptor
inhibition of insulin release
under conscious control
somatic NS
originates in the spinal cord
somatic NS and autonomic NS
?Where would you not find a cholinergic nicotinic receptor? a All parasympathetic target organs b All post-ganglionic neurons c Adrenal medulla hormone producing cells d Skeletal muscle motor end plates
A
A 27-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with extreme tachycardia (175 bpm) and hypertension (153/99). An ECG reveals irregularities in her heart rate with intermittent missed beats. The physician also notices upon examination that the patient is perspiring heavily and the pupillary reflex is slowed but not absent. The patient remembers having a bad cold several weeks before the symptoms appeared. What is the likely problem the patient is suffering from? a Guillain-Barre syndrome b Damage to nuclei in the brainstem c Adrenal tumor d Meningitis
A
A 54-year-old man presents to the clinic for a two-week history of anxiety, profuse sweating, heat intolerance, and severe headaches. He notes that these symptoms seem to come and go but that he really notices them when he is working in his garden in the mornings. He also notes that the headache never really goes away. Upon further questioning, he recalls times when he felt like his heart was racing and "beating funny", like it would "come out of his chest". During physical examination, his blood pressure is 152/93 (normal 120/80), and it does not decrease after resting quietly for an hour. The attending physician orders a thyroid panel to determine blood levels of T3/T4 and has the patient record his blood pressure for a 24-hour period. The thyroid results are normal. What is the likely problem the patient is suffering from? a Overproduction of epinephrine b Overproduction of acetylcholine c Overproduction of serotonin d Underproduction of epinephrine/norepinephrine
A
Which of the following is incorrect relative to sympathetic activity? a Inhibits orgasm b Inhibits bladder contraction c Stimulates glucose production d Inhibits salivation
A
Which of these effectors is not directly controlled by the ANS? a Skeletal muscle b Cardiac muscle c Smooth muscle d Most glands
A
Beta-blockers ______________. a Increase a dangerously low heart rate b Decrease heart rate and blood pressure c Have widespread sympathetic effects d Are potent antidepressants
B
The parasympathetic fibers of the ______________ nerves innervate smooth muscles of the eye that cause the lenses to bulge to accommodate close vision. a Optic b Oculomotor c Vagus d Facial
B
The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of ______________. a Parasympathetic innervation b Sympathetic stimulation c Vagus nerve activity d Neurosecretory substances
B
How do somatic nervous system reflexes differ from autonomic nervous system reflexes? a Somatic nervous system reflexes do not send sensory information to the CNS. b Autonomic nervous system reflexes do not send information to the CNS. c The hypothalamus plays a critical role in autonomic nervous system reflexes. d The hypothalamus plays a critical role in somatic nervous system reflexes. e Somatic nervous system reflexes are meant to maintain homeostasis, autonomic nervous system reflexes are meant to control skeletal muscle.
C
Parasympathetic functions include ______________. a Stimulation of heart rate and force of contraction b Allowing the body to respond to an external threat c Lens accommodation for close vision d Mobilizing energy storage sources
C
?When comparing the ANS and the SNS, which of the following statements is incorrect? a The effector of the SNS is skeletal muscle. b In the SNS, skeletal muscle contracts when stimulated. c The neurotransmitter utilized at the effector in both systems is ACh. d In the ANS, the effector is either stimulated or inhibited.
D
?Where would you not find an autonomic ganglion? a In the head b In the cervical region c Close to the visceral effectors they serve d In the lymph nodes
D
?Which of the following statements concerning the ANS is correct? a The parasympathetic division innervates more organs than the sympathetic division. b Both divisions of the ANS innervate the organs equally. c The sympathetic division is also called the craniosacral division of the ANS. d The sympathetic chain ganglion are also called the paravertebral ganglion.
D
Poisoning of a person with mushrooms containing muscarine would be expected to have which of the following effects? a Systemic activation of all post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons b Systemic activation of all post-ganglionic parasympathetic neurons c Systemic activation of both parasympathetic and sympathetic branches of the ANS d Stimulus of target cells innervated by post-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers e Stimulus of target cells innervated by post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers
D
Sympathetic nerves may leave the spinal cord at which vertebra? a Third cervical b Fourth lumbar c Second coccyx d First thoracic
D
The smooth muscle of the digestive viscera is served largely by the ______________. a Lumbar splanchnic nerves b Cephalic plexus c Pelvic nerves d Tenth cranial nerve
D
The somatic nervous system and ANS differ in all of the following except ______________. a Their effectors b Their efferent pathways c To some degree in target responses to their neurotransmitters d All of the neurotransmitters
D
Which of the following statements about the parasympathetic division of the ANS is incorrect? a It has cell bodies in both the brainstem or in the spinal cord from S2 to S4. b All fibers are cholinergic. c All pre-ganglionic fibers release ACh. d Crying and salivation is not a parasympathetic innervation response but rather a sympathetic response.
D
gamma 1 adrenergic receptor
smooth muscle contraction
originates in the brainstem
somatic NS
