A & P 2 - Module 22/3

In the oral cavity, the digestive enzyme __________ is found in saliva and begins the digestion of __________.

amylase; starch

The small, slender structure that is attached to the large intestine and is suffused with lymphoid nodules is the

appendix

The reflex that occurs in the large intestine and promotes the movement of feces toward the anus is the

defecation reflex

The bile duct and the pancreatic duct both enter the duodenum at the

duodenal papilla

When two fluids are separated by a selectively permeable membrane, water tends to flow into the fluid that has the

higher concentration of solutes

Which of the following causes an immediate increase in the rates of glandular secretion and peristaltic activity in all segments of the small intestine?

Gastroenteric reflex

What are the pouches that give the colon its typical appearance?

Haustra

Which of the following is not a function of saliva?

Increasing dental caries

Which of the following produces, on a daily basis, the least number of the peristaltic contractions that force food through the digestive tract?

Large intestine

Why is diarrhea potentially life threatening?

Loss of water and electrolytes

Which of the following does NOT digest proteins?

Nuclease

Which of the following does NOT digest carbohydrates?

Pancreatic lipase

Which of the following is not true of the parotid glands?

Secretions empty along the lingual frenulum

Which of the following is NOT a region of the small intestine?

Cecum

What is the correct sequence of parts in the colon moving from the small intestine to the anus?

Cecum; ascending colon; transverse colon; descending colon; sigmoid colon; rectum

There are some obvious bends in the colon that you don't see in the small intestine. What are the names of these bends?

Flexures

What is perhaps the most important function of the large intestine?

Water reabsorption

What is the average composition of fecal waste material?

75 percent water, 5 percent bacteria, and 20 percent indigestible materials, inorganic matter, and epithelial remains

Which of the following are NOT absorbed in the large intestine?

All of the listed substances are absorbed in the large intestine.

If you put marbles in your mouth, which cranial nerve monitors receptors that detect their presence and causes the salivary reflex?

Cranial nerve V

What is the main stimulus that triggers the defecation reflex?

Distension of the rectum

How does the mucosa of the rectum compare with that of the colon and the cecum?

The colon and the cecum are lined with a simple columnar epithelium for absorption, whereas the rectum is lined with a stratified squamous epithelium because the rectum is next to the opening to the exterior of the body.

The two positive-feedback loops involved in the defecation reflex are

the stretch receptors in the rectal walls and the sacral parasympathetic system