A & P Chapter 22 Microbiology Study Guide

A microsorganism that is usally harmless but may become pathogenic in certain circustance is called a(n)

(opportunist) infection (E. coli in the bladder)

A virus is made of ___ or ___, surrounded by a _________

DNA, RNA, capsid (protein shell)

An infection that begins suddenly or progresses rapidly is called _____

acute

Bacteria that require oxygen to reproduce are called _______

aerobic

Bacteria that reproduce only in the absense of oxygen are called __________

anerobes

An important trigger for some muscosal yeast infections is the use of a(n) __________ for a previous infection

antibiotic

If part of a bacterial cell is antigenic, that means it will stimulate __________ by the ____________

antibody production, lymphocytes

bacterial capsules may be used to make vaccine because the capsules are _________

antigenic

A chemical that is used to destroy bacteria on the skin is called a(n) __________

antiseptic

Rod-shaped bacteria are called ________

baccilus

Bacteria usually reproduce by the process of ___________

binary fission

Septicemia is the presence of bacteria in the _____

blood

A(n) _____________ antibiotic is considered effective against many kinds of bacteria

broad spectrum

Skin is an exellent barrier to pathogens unless it is __________

broken / open

The part of a bacterial cell that enables it to resist phagocytosis by WBCs is the _________

capsures

A person who recovers from a disease but continues to shed the pathogen is called a ________

carrier

In epidemiology, to be a reservior means to be a _______

carrier

The part of a bacterial cell that makes it gram positive or negative is the _________

cell walls

The chemical ________ is often added to the water supply to make the water safe to drink

chlorine

An infection that lasts a long time or that progresses slowly is called _______

chronic

The respiratory tract limits the intake of airborne pathogens because of its ________ epithelium

ciliated

Spherical bacteria are called ______

coccus

A disease that may be spread directly or indirectly from host to host is considered ____________________

communicable disease

A disease that maybe spread directly from host to host by respiratory droplets or casual cutaneous contact is considered ________

contagious

Fungi are present in small numbers in the skin flora but may multiply if the skin is constantly _________

damp (moist)

Spherical bacteria that grow in pairs are called __________

diphlococci

A chemical that is used to destroy bacteria on countertops or sinks is called a(n) __________

disinfectant

Repiratory pathogens are most often spread by ________

droplets

A(n) endemic disease is one that is present in a population, with a certain number of cases expected

endemic

An infection that is caused by the patient's own flora in an abnormal site is called a(n) ___________ infection

endogenous

A(n) ________ disease is one with more than the usual number of cases in a population

epidemic

Bacteria that can reproduce in the presence or absense of oxygen are called _____________

facultatively anaerobic

Intestinal pathogens are usually spread by the _________ route

fecal-oral

Bacteria that are motile usually have one or more _________

flagellum

Inanimate objects that may be sources of pathogens are called ________

fomites

A superficial mycosis is a(n) ______ infection of the ____ or the _______________

fungal, skin, mucous membrane

To prevent hospital-acquired infections, the staff should make ____________ a first priority

handwashing

The time between the entry of a pathogen and the onset of symtoms os disease is called the ___________

incubation

Viruses are obligate intracellular paracites, which means that they must be ________ in order to __________

inside the cell, reproduce

A systemic mycosis is a(n) ______ infection of __________________

internal organs / lungs

An infection such as a cold, in one area of the body, is called _________

localized

The sweeping of ciliated epithelium normally prevents pathogens from reaching the ____

lungs

Mosquitoes are vectors of ______ and ____________________

malaria, yellow fever / encephalitis

The multicelluar fungi are called ________________ and they reproduce by forming ______

molds / mushrooms, spores

The vector of West Nile virus is a ______

mosquito

The vector of malaria is a ________

mosquito

A(n) ______________ antibiotic is considered effective against just a few kinds of bacteria

narrow-spectrum

A disease such as tetanusm which cannot be spread from one host to another, is considered ____________

noncommicable

a(n) _________ infection is one that is acquired in a hospital

nosocomial

With respect to bacteria, diplo means _____, staphylo means ________, and strepto means _____

pair (2), clusters, chains

When a disease spreads to several countries, it is said to be ________

pandemic

The use of moderate heat to destroy most of the bacteria in dairy products is called _______________

pasteurization

The way a pathogen gets into a host is called the ____________

portal of entry

The way a pathogen leaves a host is called the ___________

portal of exit

Sources of infection for people are, in general, called ________

reseviors

Microorganisms that are on or in nearly everyone most of the time are called _____________

resident flora

The fatty acids in _____ inhibit the growth of some bacteria on the skin

sebum

An infection that follows another infection that has lowered the host's resistance is called a __________________

secondary infection

A disease that typically lasts a certain period of time and is followed by recovery is called _______

self-limiting

A coccus is shaped like a _____, a bacillus is shapred like a ____, and a spirillum is shaped like a __________

sphere, rod, spiral / coil

Spiral bacteria are called _________

spirillum, bacillus, coccus

Spiral bacteria are called _________, rod-shaped bacteria are called ________, and spherical bacteria are called ______

spirillum, bacillus, coccus

Basteria may be able to survive a freezing environment if that are able to form ______

spores

Spherical bacteria that grow in clusters are called ____________

staphyloccus

The procedure used to destroy all microorganisms on surgical instruments is called ___________

sterlization

Hydrocloric acid destroys most pathogens that get to the _______

stomach

Rod-shaped bacteria that grow in chains are called ________________

streptosebacilli

An infection in which a person shows no symtoms is called _________ or ________

subclinical, symptomic, or inapparent

Ringworm is an example of a(n) ___________ mycosis because it affects the ____

superficial, skin

A fungus infection of the heart valves is an example or a(n) __________ mycosis

systematic

An infection that has spread throughout the body by way of the blood or lymph is called ________

systemic

A bacterial spore is a resistant form, which means that is can survive extremes of ____________

temperature

The vector of Lyme disease is a ____

tick

The vector of Rocky Mountain spotted fever is a ____

tick

Bacterial chemicals that are harful to the cells of the host are called _____

toxin

The body systems lines with musous embranes are the digestive, respiratory, reproductive, and ______

urinary

In women only, the acidic pH created by the normal flora of the ______ inhibits the growth of pathogens

vagina

The colon flora are beneficial to us because they produce ________, and they inhibit _________

vitamins, pathogens

The unicellular fungi are called _____, and they reproduce by the process of _______

yeast, budding

A disease that people acquire from animals is called a ________

zoonoses

The Gram stain distinguishes between bacteria that are ______________, and this difference is based on the ________ of the bacteria

Gram positive or Gram negative, cell wall

Musuc from the respitaory tract is usually swallowed and potential pathogens are destoryed by the ___ in the ______

HCL, stomach