A & P Chapter 8

A movement away from the midline of the body is termed

abduction

A rim of fibrocartilage in the joint cavity of the hip is called the

acetabular labrum.

Which ligament connects the clavicle and the acromion?

acromioclavicular

When a person does jumping jacks, which limb movements are necessary? (Module 8.4C)

adduction and abduction

Arthritis always involves damage to

articular cartilage.

The location where two bones meet is called a joint, or an

articulation

Which of the following is not a joint of the appendicular skeleton?

atlanto-occipital

Which type of synovial joint permits the greatest range of motion? (Module 8.3C)

ball-and-socket

Which of the following athletes are at greatest risk of developing a shoulder injury?

baseball pitchers

Which of the following ligaments assists in stabilizing the shoulder joint?

both coraco-acromial and coracoclavicular

The surface of articular cartilage is

both slick and smooth.

Identify the structure at label "1."

bursa

Small pockets of synovial fluid that reduce friction and act as a shock absorber where ligaments and tendons rub against other tissues are called

bursae

The two little girls who hold and move the rope in jump- rope are performing what action?

circumduction

The joints that connect the four fingers with the metacarpal bones are ________ joints.

condylar

The radiocarpal joint is a(n) ________ joint.

condylar

Which of the following is not a property of synovial joints?

covered by a serous membrane

The ligaments that limit the anterior- posterior movement of the femur and maintain the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles are the ________ ligaments.

cruciate

The movement of a body part downward is called

depression

A freely movable joint is a(n)

diarthrosis

A synovial joint is an example of a(n)

diarthrosis

Lifting a stone with the tip of the foot is

dorsiflexion.

The movement of a body part upward is called

elevation

Which of the following movements would you associate with chewing food?

elevation

A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole of the foot outward is known as

eversion.

Usually found outside the capsule, ________ protect the articular cartilages and act as packing material for the joint.

fat pads

Syndesmosis is to ligament as symphysis is to

fibrocartilage

Which movements are possible at hinge joints? (Module 8.4A)

flexion and extension

Nodding your head "yes" is an example of

flexion and extension.

Contraction of the muscle that is attached to the radial tuberosity results in

flexion of the forearm.

The shoulder joint, or ________ joint, permits the greatest range of motion of any joint.

glenohumeral

The glenoid fossa is rimmed by the fibrocartilaginous

glenoid labrum

Describe the types of motion possible at a synovial joint. (Module 8.3A)

gliding, angular, circumduction, and rotation

Dense connective tissue is to a suture as a periodontal ligament is to a(n)

gomphosis

The synarthrosis that binds the teeth to the bony sockets is a

gomphosis

A joint that permits only flexion and extension is a ________ joint.

hinge

The ankle joint is an example of a ________ joint.

hinge

The elbow joint is an example of a ________ joint.

hinge

Which of the following is an example of a ball- and- socket joint?

hip

The largest and strongest articulation at the elbow is the

humero-ulnar joint.

What type of tissue occurs at the structure labeled "3"?

hyaline cartilage

Bending at the neck to look up at the starts would ________ the neck.

hyperextend

An extension past the anatomical position is known as

hyperextension

Which of the following does not help stabilize the knee joint?

iliofemoral ligament

Which of the following is not a function of synovial fluid?

increasing osmotic pressure within joint

Which of the following is improperly matched?

nursemaid's elbow - iliofemoral ligament

Muscles that extend the elbow attach to the

olecranon process.

Which of the following movements is a good example of depression?

opening the mouth

To pinch with a thumb and finger involves a movement called

opposition

The ligament that provides support to the front of the knee joint is the ________ ligament.

patellar

The intercarpal articulations are ________ joints.

plane

The joints between vertebrae are examples of ________ joints.

plane

Which type of joint is found between the carpal bones?

plane

Identify the types of synovial joints. (Module 8.3B)

plane, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, and ball-and-socket joint

Which foot movement enables a ballerina to stand on her toes?

plantar flexion

The back of the knee joint is reinforced by ________ ligaments.

popliteal

What movements are made possible by the rotation of the head of the radius? (Module 8.5A)

pronation and supination

You ________ your jaw when you grasp your upper lip with your lower teeth.

protract

What hand movements occur when a person wriggles into tight- fitting gloves? (Module 8.5C)

protraction, supination, and pronation

A herniated intervertebral disc is caused by

protrusion of the nucleus pulposus.

Many gyms feature weightlifting machines called "adductor machines" that are used to strengthen the thighs. If you were to work out on one of these, what would you be doing?

pulling both thighs inward toward a center point, bringing your knees together

All of the following are structural classifications of synovial joints except

rolling

The joint between the trapezium and metacarpal bone of the thumb is an example of a ________ joint.

saddle

All of the following are associated with the joints of the vertebral column except

saddle joint

A factor that does not increase the stability of the hip joint include

shallow socket

The joint that permits the greatest range of mobility of any joint in the body is the ________ joint.

shoulder

Name the type of synovial joint for each of the following: shoulder, elbow, ankle, and thumb. (Module 8.3D)

shoulder: ball-and-socket; elbow: hinge; ankle: plane; thumb: saddle.

Which of the following movements is a good example of abduction?

spreading the fingers

A suture is an example of a(n)

synarthrosis

An immovable joint is a(n)

synarthrosis

A ligamentous connection such as an interosseous ligament is termed a

syndesmosis

Which of the following is not one of the four major types of synarthrotic joints?

syndesmosis

An epiphyseal line is an example of a

synostosis

Which structural category of joints allows for the greatest range of motion? (Module 8.1B)

synovial

Which of the following is not considered to be an accessory synovial structure?

synovial membrane

The movements known as dorsiflexion and plantar flexion are limited to the

talocrural

Which of the following movements is a good example of supination?

turning the hand palm upward

Which of the following does not occur when the articular cartilage is damaged?

Friction in the joint decreases.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of articular cartilage?

It increases friction during movement.

________ subdivide synovial cavities, channel the flow of synovial fluid, and allow for variations in the shapes of the articular surfaces.

Menisci

________ is also known as degenerative joint disease.

Osteoarthritis

Define range of motion (ROM). (Module 8.1A)

Range of motion is the amount of movement at a joint.

________ is a general term for pain and stiffness that affects the skeletal or muscular system.

Rheumatism

Which of the following statements is false?

The more movement a joint allows, the stronger the joint.

Which structure acts as a cushion and consists of fibrocartilage?

4

Joints are classified by the

All of the answers are correct.

Compare dorsiflexion and plantar flexion. (Module 8.4B)

Dorsiflexion is upward movement of the foot or toes. Plantar flexion extends the ankle joint and bends the foot or toes down, as in standing on tiptoes.

Snapping your fingers involves what movement of the thumb? (Module 8.5B)

Snapping involves opposition at the thumb and flexion at the third metacarpophalangeal joint.

A slightly movable joint is a(n)

amphiarthrosis

Functionally, the public symphysis is classified as a(n) ________ articulation.

amphiarthrotic

Which of the following ligaments is not associated with the hip joint?

anterior cruciate ligament

Bursae can be found in all of the following areas except

around blood vessels.

Identify the structure labeled "5."

intracapsular ligament

A common injury to the ankle occurs by excessive turning of the sole inward, termed

inversion

The movement of rotating a limb outward is called

lateral (external) rotation.

The movement of rotating a limb toward the anterior surface of the body is called

medial (internal) rotation.

Identify the structure labeled "4."

meniscus

Which of the following movements is a good example of flexion?

moving the hand toward the shoulder

The elbow joint is extremely stable because

the ulna and humerus interlock.

The medial surface of the knee joint is reinforced by the ________ ligament.

tibial collateral