A & P Chapter 8
A movement away from the midline of the body is termed
abduction
A rim of fibrocartilage in the joint cavity of the hip is called the
acetabular labrum.
Which ligament connects the clavicle and the acromion?
acromioclavicular
When a person does jumping jacks, which limb movements are necessary? (Module 8.4C)
adduction and abduction
Arthritis always involves damage to
articular cartilage.
The location where two bones meet is called a joint, or an
articulation
Which of the following is not a joint of the appendicular skeleton?
atlanto-occipital
Which type of synovial joint permits the greatest range of motion? (Module 8.3C)
ball-and-socket
Which of the following athletes are at greatest risk of developing a shoulder injury?
baseball pitchers
Which of the following ligaments assists in stabilizing the shoulder joint?
both coraco-acromial and coracoclavicular
The surface of articular cartilage is
both slick and smooth.
Identify the structure at label "1."
bursa
Small pockets of synovial fluid that reduce friction and act as a shock absorber where ligaments and tendons rub against other tissues are called
bursae
The two little girls who hold and move the rope in jump- rope are performing what action?
circumduction
The joints that connect the four fingers with the metacarpal bones are ________ joints.
condylar
The radiocarpal joint is a(n) ________ joint.
condylar
Which of the following is not a property of synovial joints?
covered by a serous membrane
The ligaments that limit the anterior- posterior movement of the femur and maintain the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles are the ________ ligaments.
cruciate
The movement of a body part downward is called
depression
A freely movable joint is a(n)
diarthrosis
A synovial joint is an example of a(n)
diarthrosis
Lifting a stone with the tip of the foot is
dorsiflexion.
The movement of a body part upward is called
elevation
Which of the following movements would you associate with chewing food?
elevation
A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole of the foot outward is known as
eversion.
Usually found outside the capsule, ________ protect the articular cartilages and act as packing material for the joint.
fat pads
Syndesmosis is to ligament as symphysis is to
fibrocartilage
Which movements are possible at hinge joints? (Module 8.4A)
flexion and extension
Nodding your head "yes" is an example of
flexion and extension.
Contraction of the muscle that is attached to the radial tuberosity results in
flexion of the forearm.
The shoulder joint, or ________ joint, permits the greatest range of motion of any joint.
glenohumeral
The glenoid fossa is rimmed by the fibrocartilaginous
glenoid labrum
Describe the types of motion possible at a synovial joint. (Module 8.3A)
gliding, angular, circumduction, and rotation
Dense connective tissue is to a suture as a periodontal ligament is to a(n)
gomphosis
The synarthrosis that binds the teeth to the bony sockets is a
gomphosis
A joint that permits only flexion and extension is a ________ joint.
hinge
The ankle joint is an example of a ________ joint.
hinge
The elbow joint is an example of a ________ joint.
hinge
Which of the following is an example of a ball- and- socket joint?
hip
The largest and strongest articulation at the elbow is the
humero-ulnar joint.
What type of tissue occurs at the structure labeled "3"?
hyaline cartilage
Bending at the neck to look up at the starts would ________ the neck.
hyperextend
An extension past the anatomical position is known as
hyperextension
Which of the following does not help stabilize the knee joint?
iliofemoral ligament
Which of the following is not a function of synovial fluid?
increasing osmotic pressure within joint
Which of the following is improperly matched?
nursemaid's elbow - iliofemoral ligament
Muscles that extend the elbow attach to the
olecranon process.
Which of the following movements is a good example of depression?
opening the mouth
To pinch with a thumb and finger involves a movement called
opposition
The ligament that provides support to the front of the knee joint is the ________ ligament.
patellar
The intercarpal articulations are ________ joints.
plane
The joints between vertebrae are examples of ________ joints.
plane
Which type of joint is found between the carpal bones?
plane
Identify the types of synovial joints. (Module 8.3B)
plane, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, and ball-and-socket joint
Which foot movement enables a ballerina to stand on her toes?
plantar flexion
The back of the knee joint is reinforced by ________ ligaments.
popliteal
What movements are made possible by the rotation of the head of the radius? (Module 8.5A)
pronation and supination
You ________ your jaw when you grasp your upper lip with your lower teeth.
protract
What hand movements occur when a person wriggles into tight- fitting gloves? (Module 8.5C)
protraction, supination, and pronation
A herniated intervertebral disc is caused by
protrusion of the nucleus pulposus.
Many gyms feature weightlifting machines called "adductor machines" that are used to strengthen the thighs. If you were to work out on one of these, what would you be doing?
pulling both thighs inward toward a center point, bringing your knees together
All of the following are structural classifications of synovial joints except
rolling
The joint between the trapezium and metacarpal bone of the thumb is an example of a ________ joint.
saddle
All of the following are associated with the joints of the vertebral column except
saddle joint
A factor that does not increase the stability of the hip joint include
shallow socket
The joint that permits the greatest range of mobility of any joint in the body is the ________ joint.
shoulder
Name the type of synovial joint for each of the following: shoulder, elbow, ankle, and thumb. (Module 8.3D)
shoulder: ball-and-socket; elbow: hinge; ankle: plane; thumb: saddle.
Which of the following movements is a good example of abduction?
spreading the fingers
A suture is an example of a(n)
synarthrosis
An immovable joint is a(n)
synarthrosis
A ligamentous connection such as an interosseous ligament is termed a
syndesmosis
Which of the following is not one of the four major types of synarthrotic joints?
syndesmosis
An epiphyseal line is an example of a
synostosis
Which structural category of joints allows for the greatest range of motion? (Module 8.1B)
synovial
Which of the following is not considered to be an accessory synovial structure?
synovial membrane
The movements known as dorsiflexion and plantar flexion are limited to the
talocrural
Which of the following movements is a good example of supination?
turning the hand palm upward
Which of the following does not occur when the articular cartilage is damaged?
Friction in the joint decreases.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of articular cartilage?
It increases friction during movement.
________ subdivide synovial cavities, channel the flow of synovial fluid, and allow for variations in the shapes of the articular surfaces.
Menisci
________ is also known as degenerative joint disease.
Osteoarthritis
Define range of motion (ROM). (Module 8.1A)
Range of motion is the amount of movement at a joint.
________ is a general term for pain and stiffness that affects the skeletal or muscular system.
Rheumatism
Which of the following statements is false?
The more movement a joint allows, the stronger the joint.
Which structure acts as a cushion and consists of fibrocartilage?
4
Joints are classified by the
All of the answers are correct.
Compare dorsiflexion and plantar flexion. (Module 8.4B)
Dorsiflexion is upward movement of the foot or toes. Plantar flexion extends the ankle joint and bends the foot or toes down, as in standing on tiptoes.
Snapping your fingers involves what movement of the thumb? (Module 8.5B)
Snapping involves opposition at the thumb and flexion at the third metacarpophalangeal joint.
A slightly movable joint is a(n)
amphiarthrosis
Functionally, the public symphysis is classified as a(n) ________ articulation.
amphiarthrotic
Which of the following ligaments is not associated with the hip joint?
anterior cruciate ligament
Bursae can be found in all of the following areas except
around blood vessels.
Identify the structure labeled "5."
intracapsular ligament
A common injury to the ankle occurs by excessive turning of the sole inward, termed
inversion
The movement of rotating a limb outward is called
lateral (external) rotation.
The movement of rotating a limb toward the anterior surface of the body is called
medial (internal) rotation.
Identify the structure labeled "4."
meniscus
Which of the following movements is a good example of flexion?
moving the hand toward the shoulder
The elbow joint is extremely stable because
the ulna and humerus interlock.
The medial surface of the knee joint is reinforced by the ________ ligament.
tibial collateral