A & P - Muscles

d. a neuron and the muscle fiber it innervates

A motor unit is composed of: a. a muscle, the bone it attaches to, and the nerve that innervates it b. a neuron and its connective tissue c. a muscle and the bone to which it is attached d. a neuron and the muscle fiber it innervates

a. cell

A muscle fiber is a muscle... a. cell b. sarcomere c. contractile unit d. protein

b. the end of an axon where it nears the surface of a muscle

A neuromuscular junction is: a. a space between a dendrite and a muscle b. the end of an axon where it nears the surface of a muscle c. a direct attachment of an axon with a muscle

a. cramp

A painful spasm is a _____. a. cramp b. spasm c. fasiculation d. tremor

c. myoglobin

A red-colored, oxygen-binding protein found in muscles: a. hemoglobin b. troponin c. myoglobin d. myosin

b. the area between two Z discs

A sarcomere is: a. the area between two intercalated discs. b. the area between two Z discs. c. the wavy lines on the cell seen in the microscope. d. the nonfunctional unit of skeletal muscle.

b. is derived from embryonic cells called myoblasts

A skeletal myofiber... a. retains the ability to divide even in the adult b. is derived from embryonic cells called myoblasts c. has one centrally located nucleus

b. tendon

A/An _______ is connective tissue that attaches muscle to the periosteal memebrane of bone. a. deep fascia b. tendon c. aponeurosis d. superficial fascia

a. axon terminal

Acetylcholine is released by the: a. axon terminal b. motor end plate c. sarcolemma d. dendrite

d. A band

Actin and myosin filaments are both present in the dense region called the a. H zone b. M band c. I band d. A band

b. sarcoplasmic reticulum

An elaborate network of membranes in skeletal muscle cells that functions in calcium storage is the: a. mitochondria b. sarcoplasmic reticulum c. myofibrillar network d. intermediate filament network

c. troponin

Calcium ions bind to a. tropomyosin b. actin c. troponin d. myosin

d. muscle

Cells that contract are a type of _______ tissue. a. epithelial b. connective c. nerve d. muscle

d. actin filaments

During muscle contraction, myosin cross bridges attach to which active sites? a. myosin filaments b. Z discs c. thick filaments d. actin filaments

d. actin filaments slide, but not myosin

During muscular contraction... a. neither myosin nor actin filaments slide b. myosin filaments slide, but not actin c. both actin and myosin filaments slide d. actin filaments slide, but not myosin

b. myoblasts

Embryonic cells that fuse to form muscle cells: a. myofibers b. myoblasts c. sarcomere d. sarcolemma

b. ATP = ADP + P

Energy for muscle contraction is provided by a. AMP = ADP b. ATP = ADP + P c. Glucose + O = lactic acid d. Glucose + Water + lactic acid

a. belly

Fleshy portion of the muscle a. belly b. insertion c. origin d. tensor

c. lactic acid

If muscle cells operate anaerobically for too long there is a build up of: a. creatine phosphate b. ATP c. lactic acid d. glycogen

d. none of these

In contraction the : a. thick filaments become thicker b. thin filaments become shorter c. thin filaments become longer d. none of these

c. none of these

In contraction, the: a. thick filaments become longer b. thick filaments become shorter c. none of these d. thin filaments become shorter e. thin filaments become longer

a. spasm

Involuntary contraction of a single muscle is called a _____. a. spasm b. cramp c. fasiculation d. tremor

a. fasiculation

Involuntary, brief muscle twitch visible under the skin a. fasiculation b. cramp c. tremor d. spasm

c. sphincter

Muscle that decreases the size of an opening a. levator b. pronator c. shincter d. supinator

b. abductor

Muscle that moves a bone away from the midline a. flexor b. abductor c. adductor . extensor

b. pronator

Muscle that turns the palm downward a. rotator b. pronator c. depressor d. tensor

a. supinator

Muscle that turns the palm upward. a. supinator b. sphincter c. levator d. stabilizer

b. transmissibility

Muscle tissue has all of the following properties except: a. contractility b. transmissibility c. extensibility d. excitability

d. blood cell production

Muscle tissue provides for all of the following EXCEPT: a. stabilization of body position b. thermogenesis c. motion d. blood cell production

b. tendons

Muscles are attached to bones via: a. ligaments b. tendons

d. oblique

Muscles that have fibers that run diagonally to the midline are called _____. a. brevis b. transverse c. rectus d. oblique

b. rectus

Muscles that have fibers that run parallel to the midline are called_____. a. oblique b. rectus c. transverse d. biceps

d. transverse

Muscles that have fibers that run perpendicular to the midline are called _____. a. triceps b. rectus c. oblique d. transverse

b. is a decrease in muscle mass due to loss of myofibrils

Muscular atrophy a. is an increase in muscle mass due to increased numbers of myofibrils b. is a decrease in muscle mass due to loss of myofibrils c. is the result of overuse of muscles d. is an increase in muscle mass due to increased numbers of myofibers

b. flexor

Name given to a muscle that decreases the angle at a joint a. adductor b. flexor c. abductor d. extensor

a. extensor

Name given to a muscle that increases the angle at a joint a. extensor b. flexor c. adductor d. abductor

c. axon terminals

Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within: a. myofibrils b. motor units c. axon terminals d. motor end plates

c. a sarcomere

One functional unit of a skeletal muscle is: a. a myofibril b. a myofilament c. a sarcomere d. the sarcoplasmic reticulum

e. 4,1,5,2,6,7,3

Place the events at the neuromuscular junction in the order in which they occur: 1. release of acetylcholine 2. activation of ACh receptors on motor endplate 3. termination of ACh activity by acetylcholinesterase 4. arrival of an action potential at the synaptic end bulb 5. diffusion of ACh across the synaptic cleft 6. opening of Na+ channels in the motor endplate 7. production of muscle fiber action potential a. 4,1,5,2,3,7,6 b. 4,1,2,5,6,7,3 c. 4,1,5,6,2,7,3 d. 4,1,5,2,7,6,3 e. 4,1,5,2,6,7,3

d. tremor

Rhythmic, involuntary contractions of opposing muscle groups a. cramp b. fasiculation c. spasm d. tremor

a. ATP is required to release the attached actin and myosin molecules

Rigor mortis occurs because: a. ATP is required to release the attached actin and myosin molecules. b. the cells are dead c. sodium ions leak out the muscle d. proteins are beginning to break down, thus preventing a flow of calcium ions

c. T tubules

Specifically, action potentials in muscle fibers travel inward along the ____________. a. cytoskeletal system b. plasma membrane c. T tubules d. sarcoplasmic reticulum

T

T/F A motor unit is made up of a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates.

T

T/F Actin filaments move toward the middle of the sarcomere during muscle contraction and away on relaxation.

T

T/F During contraction calcium leaves the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

F

T/F Exercise has little effect on delaying or reversing age-related loss of skeletal muscle function.

T

T/F Muscle growth is due to cellular enlargement, not cell division.

F

T/F Skeletal muscle tissue retains its ability to divide and regenerate throughout life.

T

T/F Skeletal muscle tissue retains its ability to divide and regenerate throughout life.

T

T/F The sarcolemma is the muscle cell membrane.

c. myosin; actin

The _____ has a globular head that inserts into the _____ during muscle contraction. a. tropoinin; tropomyosin b. actin; mysosin c. mysoin; actin d. troponin; actin

b. extensibility

The ability of a muscle tissue to stretch without being damaged is called: a. elasticity b. extensibility c. excitability d. contractility

b. A and B are correct

The ability to respond to stimuli by producing action potentials ... a. is called excitability b. A an B are correct c. is not exhibited by nervous tissue d. A, B, and C are correct e. is a property of muscle tissue

a. myofibrils

The contractile units of skeletal muscles are: a. myofibrils b. T tubules c. microtubules d. mitochondria

c. in the lower leg

The gastrocnemius muscle is located _____. a. in the hip area b. on the back c. in the lower leg d. in the arm

a. regulate intracellular calcium concentration.

The major function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction is to: a. regulate intracellular calcium concentration. b. make and store phosphocreatine. c. provide a source of myosin for the contraction process. d. synthesize actin and myosin myofilaments.

ACh

The neuromuscular transmitter released at the axon bulb is a. ACh b. Na c. ATP d. Ca

d. myoglobin

The oxygen-binding protein found in muscle cells is: a. hemoglobin b. ATP c. immunoglobin d. moglobin

c. in teh chest

The pectoralis major muscle is located _____. a. in the lower leg b. in the upper leg c. in the chest d. on the back

c. actin

The regulatory proteins bind to the: a. motor end plate b. myosin c. actin d. dendrite e. axon

a. actin and myosin sliding past each other but not shortening.

The sliding filament model of contraction involves: a. actin and myosin sliding past each other but not shortening. b. actin and myosin shortening but not sliding past each other. c. the Z discs sliding over the myofilaments. d. the shortening of thick filaments so that thin filaments slide past.

c. cardiac

Tissue whose cells are striated and fused at the ends by intercalated disks so that cells contract as a unit is _____ muscle. a. smooth b. skeletal c. cardiac

b. are tiny pockets of plasma membrane that extend into the muscle cell

Transverse tubules... a. neither answer above is correct b. are tiny pockets of plasma membrane that extend into the muscle cell c. both answers above are correct d. prevent the spread of an action potential to the interior of a muscle fiber

a. skeletal

What type of muscle tissue has multiple peripheral nuclei? a. skeletal b. cardiac c. smooth

b. smooth

What type of muscle tissue is found in blood vessel walls? a. skeletal b. smooth c. cardiac

b. both smooth and cardiac

What type of muscle tissue is involuntarily controlled? a. skeletal b. both smooth and cardiac c. smooth d. cardiac

b. skeletal

What type of muscle tissue is striated and voluntary? a. cardiac b. skeletal c. smooth

a. smooth

What type of muscle tissue lacks visible striations? a. smooth b. skeletal c. cardiac

b. shorter

When muscle cells contract, they get: a. longer b. shorter

a. isometric

When there is no movement of a muscle during exercise, it is termed: a. isometric b. isotonic

a. creatine phosphate

Which molecule will be used to supply energy to regenerate ATP? a. creatine phosphate b. tropomyosin c. glucose d. lactate

c. sarcomere

Which of these are not in a long bone? a. medullary cavity b. compact bone c. sarcomere d. spongy bone

a. thick filaments

Which of the following are composed of myosin? a. thick discs b. Z discs c. all myofilaments d. thin filaments

a. all are functions of muscle tissue

Which of the following are functions of muscle tissue? a. all are functions of muscle tissue b. moving materials through the body c. pulling on bones to move the body d. generating heat to maintain body temperature

d. generating heat

Which of the following can be a function of muscle tissue in general? a. controlling flow of nerve impulses b. storage of triglycerides c. storing calcium d. generating heat

a. Tropomyosin molecules move and expose specific binding sties on actin filaments.

Which of the following major events in muscle contraction is stated properly? a. Tropomyosin molecules move and expose specific binding sties on actin filaments. b. Calcium reveals the binding site where the head of actin inserts into the myosin molecule. c. Actin filaments slide inward along troponin filaments d. Cross-bridges form between actin and sarcolemma filaments

e. Calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum helps expose the binding sites on the actin allowing for cross bridges to form between the actin and myosin during contraction.

Which of the following statements best describes muscle contraction and relaxation? a. the actin and myosin filaments slide apart when calcium is brought into the sarcoplasm by the T-tubules that transverse the sarcolemma during relaxation. b. The actin and myosiin change shape and are metabolized before each contraction. c. The actin and myosin slide apart during contraction and require energy to slide together during relaxation because calcium must be actively transported out of the sarcoplasm. d. The actin and myosin slide apart when calcium is removed from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and goes into the sarcoplasm. e. Calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum helps expose the binding sites on the actin allowing for cross bridges to form between the actin and myosin during contraction.

b. endomysium

Which of the following surrounds the individual muscle cell? a. epimysium b. endomysium c. fascicle d. perimysium

c. smooth

__________ muscle is contained in some blood vessels. a.cardiac b. skeletal c. smooth

c. skeltal

__________ muscle is voluntarily controlled. a. cardiac b. smooth c. skeletal

d. origin

_____is the immovable end of a muscle. a. insertion b. oblique c. belly d. origin

a. tenosynovitis

_____is the inflammation of tendon and associated connective tissues at certain joints such as the wrist, elbows, and shoulder. a. tenosynovitis b. arthritis c. gout d. bursitis

c. insertion

_____is the movable end of a muscle. a. belly b. fixator c. insertion d. origin

d. antagonist

_____stretches and yields to the prime mover. a. agonist b. synergist c. fixator d. antagonist

a. agonist

___contracts to cause the desired action. a. agonist b. antagonist c. fixator d. synergist

diaphragm

aids in inhalation and exhalation

orbicularis oculi

closes eye

rectus abdominis

compresses abdomen to aid in forced exhalation, childbirth, excretions, etc

perimysim

connective tissue surrounding bundles of 10-100 individual muscle fibers

endomysium

connective tissue surrounding each individual muscle cell

epimysium

connective tissue surrounding entire muscle

sternocleidomastoid

extends from clavicle to mastoid process of the temporal bone; rotates head to side

biceps brachii

flexes forearem at elbow joint

frontalis

raises eyebrows

orbicularis oris

shapes lips during speech

deltoid

thick, powerful shoulder muscle covering shoulder joint and forming rounded contour of the shoulder