A & P - Muscles
d. a neuron and the muscle fiber it innervates
A motor unit is composed of: a. a muscle, the bone it attaches to, and the nerve that innervates it b. a neuron and its connective tissue c. a muscle and the bone to which it is attached d. a neuron and the muscle fiber it innervates
a. cell
A muscle fiber is a muscle... a. cell b. sarcomere c. contractile unit d. protein
b. the end of an axon where it nears the surface of a muscle
A neuromuscular junction is: a. a space between a dendrite and a muscle b. the end of an axon where it nears the surface of a muscle c. a direct attachment of an axon with a muscle
a. cramp
A painful spasm is a _____. a. cramp b. spasm c. fasiculation d. tremor
c. myoglobin
A red-colored, oxygen-binding protein found in muscles: a. hemoglobin b. troponin c. myoglobin d. myosin
b. the area between two Z discs
A sarcomere is: a. the area between two intercalated discs. b. the area between two Z discs. c. the wavy lines on the cell seen in the microscope. d. the nonfunctional unit of skeletal muscle.
b. is derived from embryonic cells called myoblasts
A skeletal myofiber... a. retains the ability to divide even in the adult b. is derived from embryonic cells called myoblasts c. has one centrally located nucleus
b. tendon
A/An _______ is connective tissue that attaches muscle to the periosteal memebrane of bone. a. deep fascia b. tendon c. aponeurosis d. superficial fascia
a. axon terminal
Acetylcholine is released by the: a. axon terminal b. motor end plate c. sarcolemma d. dendrite
d. A band
Actin and myosin filaments are both present in the dense region called the a. H zone b. M band c. I band d. A band
b. sarcoplasmic reticulum
An elaborate network of membranes in skeletal muscle cells that functions in calcium storage is the: a. mitochondria b. sarcoplasmic reticulum c. myofibrillar network d. intermediate filament network
c. troponin
Calcium ions bind to a. tropomyosin b. actin c. troponin d. myosin
d. muscle
Cells that contract are a type of _______ tissue. a. epithelial b. connective c. nerve d. muscle
d. actin filaments
During muscle contraction, myosin cross bridges attach to which active sites? a. myosin filaments b. Z discs c. thick filaments d. actin filaments
d. actin filaments slide, but not myosin
During muscular contraction... a. neither myosin nor actin filaments slide b. myosin filaments slide, but not actin c. both actin and myosin filaments slide d. actin filaments slide, but not myosin
b. myoblasts
Embryonic cells that fuse to form muscle cells: a. myofibers b. myoblasts c. sarcomere d. sarcolemma
b. ATP = ADP + P
Energy for muscle contraction is provided by a. AMP = ADP b. ATP = ADP + P c. Glucose + O = lactic acid d. Glucose + Water + lactic acid
a. belly
Fleshy portion of the muscle a. belly b. insertion c. origin d. tensor
c. lactic acid
If muscle cells operate anaerobically for too long there is a build up of: a. creatine phosphate b. ATP c. lactic acid d. glycogen
d. none of these
In contraction the : a. thick filaments become thicker b. thin filaments become shorter c. thin filaments become longer d. none of these
c. none of these
In contraction, the: a. thick filaments become longer b. thick filaments become shorter c. none of these d. thin filaments become shorter e. thin filaments become longer
a. spasm
Involuntary contraction of a single muscle is called a _____. a. spasm b. cramp c. fasiculation d. tremor
a. fasiculation
Involuntary, brief muscle twitch visible under the skin a. fasiculation b. cramp c. tremor d. spasm
c. sphincter
Muscle that decreases the size of an opening a. levator b. pronator c. shincter d. supinator
b. abductor
Muscle that moves a bone away from the midline a. flexor b. abductor c. adductor . extensor
b. pronator
Muscle that turns the palm downward a. rotator b. pronator c. depressor d. tensor
a. supinator
Muscle that turns the palm upward. a. supinator b. sphincter c. levator d. stabilizer
b. transmissibility
Muscle tissue has all of the following properties except: a. contractility b. transmissibility c. extensibility d. excitability
d. blood cell production
Muscle tissue provides for all of the following EXCEPT: a. stabilization of body position b. thermogenesis c. motion d. blood cell production
b. tendons
Muscles are attached to bones via: a. ligaments b. tendons
d. oblique
Muscles that have fibers that run diagonally to the midline are called _____. a. brevis b. transverse c. rectus d. oblique
b. rectus
Muscles that have fibers that run parallel to the midline are called_____. a. oblique b. rectus c. transverse d. biceps
d. transverse
Muscles that have fibers that run perpendicular to the midline are called _____. a. triceps b. rectus c. oblique d. transverse
b. is a decrease in muscle mass due to loss of myofibrils
Muscular atrophy a. is an increase in muscle mass due to increased numbers of myofibrils b. is a decrease in muscle mass due to loss of myofibrils c. is the result of overuse of muscles d. is an increase in muscle mass due to increased numbers of myofibers
b. flexor
Name given to a muscle that decreases the angle at a joint a. adductor b. flexor c. abductor d. extensor
a. extensor
Name given to a muscle that increases the angle at a joint a. extensor b. flexor c. adductor d. abductor
c. axon terminals
Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within: a. myofibrils b. motor units c. axon terminals d. motor end plates
c. a sarcomere
One functional unit of a skeletal muscle is: a. a myofibril b. a myofilament c. a sarcomere d. the sarcoplasmic reticulum
e. 4,1,5,2,6,7,3
Place the events at the neuromuscular junction in the order in which they occur: 1. release of acetylcholine 2. activation of ACh receptors on motor endplate 3. termination of ACh activity by acetylcholinesterase 4. arrival of an action potential at the synaptic end bulb 5. diffusion of ACh across the synaptic cleft 6. opening of Na+ channels in the motor endplate 7. production of muscle fiber action potential a. 4,1,5,2,3,7,6 b. 4,1,2,5,6,7,3 c. 4,1,5,6,2,7,3 d. 4,1,5,2,7,6,3 e. 4,1,5,2,6,7,3
d. tremor
Rhythmic, involuntary contractions of opposing muscle groups a. cramp b. fasiculation c. spasm d. tremor
a. ATP is required to release the attached actin and myosin molecules
Rigor mortis occurs because: a. ATP is required to release the attached actin and myosin molecules. b. the cells are dead c. sodium ions leak out the muscle d. proteins are beginning to break down, thus preventing a flow of calcium ions
c. T tubules
Specifically, action potentials in muscle fibers travel inward along the ____________. a. cytoskeletal system b. plasma membrane c. T tubules d. sarcoplasmic reticulum
T
T/F A motor unit is made up of a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates.
T
T/F Actin filaments move toward the middle of the sarcomere during muscle contraction and away on relaxation.
T
T/F During contraction calcium leaves the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
F
T/F Exercise has little effect on delaying or reversing age-related loss of skeletal muscle function.
T
T/F Muscle growth is due to cellular enlargement, not cell division.
F
T/F Skeletal muscle tissue retains its ability to divide and regenerate throughout life.
T
T/F Skeletal muscle tissue retains its ability to divide and regenerate throughout life.
T
T/F The sarcolemma is the muscle cell membrane.
c. myosin; actin
The _____ has a globular head that inserts into the _____ during muscle contraction. a. tropoinin; tropomyosin b. actin; mysosin c. mysoin; actin d. troponin; actin
b. extensibility
The ability of a muscle tissue to stretch without being damaged is called: a. elasticity b. extensibility c. excitability d. contractility
b. A and B are correct
The ability to respond to stimuli by producing action potentials ... a. is called excitability b. A an B are correct c. is not exhibited by nervous tissue d. A, B, and C are correct e. is a property of muscle tissue
a. myofibrils
The contractile units of skeletal muscles are: a. myofibrils b. T tubules c. microtubules d. mitochondria
c. in the lower leg
The gastrocnemius muscle is located _____. a. in the hip area b. on the back c. in the lower leg d. in the arm
a. regulate intracellular calcium concentration.
The major function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction is to: a. regulate intracellular calcium concentration. b. make and store phosphocreatine. c. provide a source of myosin for the contraction process. d. synthesize actin and myosin myofilaments.
ACh
The neuromuscular transmitter released at the axon bulb is a. ACh b. Na c. ATP d. Ca
d. myoglobin
The oxygen-binding protein found in muscle cells is: a. hemoglobin b. ATP c. immunoglobin d. moglobin
c. in teh chest
The pectoralis major muscle is located _____. a. in the lower leg b. in the upper leg c. in the chest d. on the back
c. actin
The regulatory proteins bind to the: a. motor end plate b. myosin c. actin d. dendrite e. axon
a. actin and myosin sliding past each other but not shortening.
The sliding filament model of contraction involves: a. actin and myosin sliding past each other but not shortening. b. actin and myosin shortening but not sliding past each other. c. the Z discs sliding over the myofilaments. d. the shortening of thick filaments so that thin filaments slide past.
c. cardiac
Tissue whose cells are striated and fused at the ends by intercalated disks so that cells contract as a unit is _____ muscle. a. smooth b. skeletal c. cardiac
b. are tiny pockets of plasma membrane that extend into the muscle cell
Transverse tubules... a. neither answer above is correct b. are tiny pockets of plasma membrane that extend into the muscle cell c. both answers above are correct d. prevent the spread of an action potential to the interior of a muscle fiber
a. skeletal
What type of muscle tissue has multiple peripheral nuclei? a. skeletal b. cardiac c. smooth
b. smooth
What type of muscle tissue is found in blood vessel walls? a. skeletal b. smooth c. cardiac
b. both smooth and cardiac
What type of muscle tissue is involuntarily controlled? a. skeletal b. both smooth and cardiac c. smooth d. cardiac
b. skeletal
What type of muscle tissue is striated and voluntary? a. cardiac b. skeletal c. smooth
a. smooth
What type of muscle tissue lacks visible striations? a. smooth b. skeletal c. cardiac
b. shorter
When muscle cells contract, they get: a. longer b. shorter
a. isometric
When there is no movement of a muscle during exercise, it is termed: a. isometric b. isotonic
a. creatine phosphate
Which molecule will be used to supply energy to regenerate ATP? a. creatine phosphate b. tropomyosin c. glucose d. lactate
c. sarcomere
Which of these are not in a long bone? a. medullary cavity b. compact bone c. sarcomere d. spongy bone
a. thick filaments
Which of the following are composed of myosin? a. thick discs b. Z discs c. all myofilaments d. thin filaments
a. all are functions of muscle tissue
Which of the following are functions of muscle tissue? a. all are functions of muscle tissue b. moving materials through the body c. pulling on bones to move the body d. generating heat to maintain body temperature
d. generating heat
Which of the following can be a function of muscle tissue in general? a. controlling flow of nerve impulses b. storage of triglycerides c. storing calcium d. generating heat
a. Tropomyosin molecules move and expose specific binding sties on actin filaments.
Which of the following major events in muscle contraction is stated properly? a. Tropomyosin molecules move and expose specific binding sties on actin filaments. b. Calcium reveals the binding site where the head of actin inserts into the myosin molecule. c. Actin filaments slide inward along troponin filaments d. Cross-bridges form between actin and sarcolemma filaments
e. Calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum helps expose the binding sites on the actin allowing for cross bridges to form between the actin and myosin during contraction.
Which of the following statements best describes muscle contraction and relaxation? a. the actin and myosin filaments slide apart when calcium is brought into the sarcoplasm by the T-tubules that transverse the sarcolemma during relaxation. b. The actin and myosiin change shape and are metabolized before each contraction. c. The actin and myosin slide apart during contraction and require energy to slide together during relaxation because calcium must be actively transported out of the sarcoplasm. d. The actin and myosin slide apart when calcium is removed from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and goes into the sarcoplasm. e. Calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum helps expose the binding sites on the actin allowing for cross bridges to form between the actin and myosin during contraction.
b. endomysium
Which of the following surrounds the individual muscle cell? a. epimysium b. endomysium c. fascicle d. perimysium
c. smooth
__________ muscle is contained in some blood vessels. a.cardiac b. skeletal c. smooth
c. skeltal
__________ muscle is voluntarily controlled. a. cardiac b. smooth c. skeletal
d. origin
_____is the immovable end of a muscle. a. insertion b. oblique c. belly d. origin
a. tenosynovitis
_____is the inflammation of tendon and associated connective tissues at certain joints such as the wrist, elbows, and shoulder. a. tenosynovitis b. arthritis c. gout d. bursitis
c. insertion
_____is the movable end of a muscle. a. belly b. fixator c. insertion d. origin
d. antagonist
_____stretches and yields to the prime mover. a. agonist b. synergist c. fixator d. antagonist
a. agonist
___contracts to cause the desired action. a. agonist b. antagonist c. fixator d. synergist
diaphragm
aids in inhalation and exhalation
orbicularis oculi
closes eye
rectus abdominis
compresses abdomen to aid in forced exhalation, childbirth, excretions, etc
perimysim
connective tissue surrounding bundles of 10-100 individual muscle fibers
endomysium
connective tissue surrounding each individual muscle cell
epimysium
connective tissue surrounding entire muscle
sternocleidomastoid
extends from clavicle to mastoid process of the temporal bone; rotates head to side
biceps brachii
flexes forearem at elbow joint
frontalis
raises eyebrows
orbicularis oris
shapes lips during speech
deltoid
thick, powerful shoulder muscle covering shoulder joint and forming rounded contour of the shoulder