A level Sociology Globalisation

Cohen and Kennedy (2000)

A series of transformations of the world including changes in the concept of time and space, interdependent economies, increasing cultural interaction and increasingly shared problems

McChesney Marxist

Highlights the similarity between different types of DC which leads to a cult of homogeneity

Braudrillard PM

Hyper-reality - people can no longer distinguish between reality and hyper-reality

Cochrane Liberal Feminist

Identifies a fourth wave of feminism powered by digital communication which is encouraging women to build and empowering, popular and reactive movement online.

Shaw and Gant (2002)

Internet use round to decrease loneliness and depression.

Marche (2012)

Is Facebook making us lonely? DC can extend networks but it can also increase isolation and loneliness

Mertens and D'Haenens (2010)

Lower social class linked with lower internet use

Martell

Technology is revolutionary but does not mean it will have revolutionary impact

Collins (2005) Postmodernist

By looking at sites such as Facebook and using a Micro sociological approach we can gain an understanding of how people see the world around them

Livingstone (2009)

Children today communicate more with the virtual world than with members of their family

Helsper

DC are dominated by middle-class usage

Turkle

DC free people of the burdens of their physical identities, allow people to present a better view of themselves Alone Together - young people mentally 'tethered' to their devices, their thoughts and feelings are not real until they have been validated online. The post-familial family

Van Dijk

DC good for increasing types of social capital, bridging, bonding and political

Cummings

DC helps people stay in contact with friends and family when separated by geography

Seabrook Marxist

DC is a type of cultural imperialism, dominated by Western cultural industries that use it to impose their cultural values on the rest of the world

Gardner and Davis

DC is like a virtual tap on the shoulder and useful in maintaining relationships

Cornford and Robins (1999) Marxist

DC just an extension of old forms of media that are owned and controlled by the ruling classes

Bjorkland (1998) PM

DC offer an ongoing autobiography

Giddens (1990)

Definition of globalisation - Can be defined as the intensification of worldwide social relations which can link distant societies in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring may miles away and vice versa

Cochrane and Pain (2000)

Definition of globalisation - The emergence of a global economic and cultural system which is incorporating the people of the world in to a single global society

Howard (2011)

Digital Jesus - Like minded individuals can create a large web of religious communication online

Jenkins Marxist

Digital media developed as a result of investment and ownership is concentrated in the hands of a few

Van Dijk

Disclosing identity online is closely linked to popularity

Castells (2000) Marxist

Global networked society - Power now rests in networks which are unlikely to be access by the unskilled and low paid DC and networks can have the ability to revitalise democracy

Green and Singleton Feminist

Emphasise the use of smart phone and particularly texting in maintaining and creating feminine identities and friendship networks. However, the sites they populate eg. Mumsnet and Facebook may reinforce the patriarchal notion that women should perform emotion and housework.

Arlaccki (1997)

Exploitation of women and children one of the most undesirable consequences of globalisation

Kirkpatrick (2010)

Facebook was a catalyst for social movement in Colombia

Miller

Fasbook' - evidence of glocalisation in Trinidad

Held

Flow of digital influence not just one way - the West is influenced by other cultures

Kramarae Rad Feminist

Men control the internet and therefore women's voices are muted

Bauman PM

Most people use social media not to unite, not to open their horizons wider, but on the contrary, to cut themselves a comfort zone where the only sounds they hear are the echoes of their own voice, where the only things they see are the reflections of their own face

Hart (2011) PM

People are writing their autobiographies on an almost daily basis

Kross and Verduyn

People can stage happiness on line and this can lead to depression and being less satisfies with life

Giddens

Reverse colonisation - the Mexicanisation of California

Boellstorff (2008)

Second Life - virtual worlds can change ideas about identity and society and can be positive particularly for the marginalised. However, there are moral issues eg,. Rape add ons and criminal activities which go unrecorded and unregulated.

Li and Kirkup (2007)

Significant gender differences in DC use. Men more likely to use email, chatrooms and employment sites. Women more likely to use social media sites.

Bargh and Mckenna

Social platforms can help those with low self esteem and can lower barriers for interaction

Berry (2011)

Some psychological barriers preventing older people using DC but there are training programmes and schemes offered to encourage use and bridge the generational divide

Foucault (1977) Post-structuralist

Surveillance is likely to become the most effect means of regulating behaviour and controlling crime

Fuchs Marxist

Takes a conflict view of DC. It reproduces and legitimises inequality in capitalist society. Brings about a state of false class consciousness.

Miller (2011)

Tales from Facebook - Facebook has become a vehicle for maintaining relationships, business, church, sex and remembering those who have passed away. A positive tool in maintaining relationships but can also be instrumental in breaking relationships.

Kasim

The Arab Spring occurred because of digital social networks

Haraway Feminist

The anonymity of much DC allows women to transcend an oppressed identity eg. Cyborgs

Mohammadi (1996)

The image of Western media dominance over the rest of the world is exaggerated

Keen

The internet is too chaotically managed to bring about real change

Curran

The part social networks played in the Arab Spring is over exaggerated

Harvey (1990)

Time space compression

Murthy

Twitter has the potential to shape people's political, social and economic lives

Carter (2005)

Virtual communities - Cybercity - Relationships on line are just as important and as those off line. Those who meet someone online often continue the relationship in the real world. Supports the idea we now live in a global village

Case (2007) PM

We're all Cyborgs Now - Identity is constructed both on and offline and this can present a challenge to some especially adolescents

Boyle (2007)

With each successive generation comes the greater reliance on DC

Nakamura (2011) Feminist

Women from a range of ethnic minorities are gaining an increased presence in digital communication industries

Gardner and Davis

Young people are the most frequent users of social media. This reduces the time they have for self-contemplation and real-life interaction.

Boyd

Young people can use DC to bridge the gap between adolescence and adulthood