Physical Science test 2
the type of deformation caused by twisting
torsion
A device used to measure altitude
altimeter
solids that have molecules or atoms randomly arranged are
amorphous
downward force of gravity on an airplane
weight
amount of deformation is proportional to the amount of stretching force
Hooke's law
Study the formulas
Okay, Mrs. Misiura
find the pressure on the surface of a table caused by the weight of a book
P = F/A
find a new volume of a gas if pressure is increased and temperature is kept constant
P1V1 = P2V2
applied pressure inside a closed container is equally distributed
Pascal's law
the principle demonstrated by a hydraulic press
Pascal's principle
at a constant volume, temperature and pressure of a gas are directly proportional
Amonton's law
Describe how Bernoulli's principle contributes to the forces of thrust and lift on an airplane in flight
Answer should include the following ideas: Lift - an airfoil's shape causes the air over the top of the wing to speed up relative to the air beneath the wing Bernoulli's principle requires the faster air on top to exert less pressure on the wing than the slower air below The difference in pressure between the top and bottom of he wing pushes the wing up, toward lower pressure. Thrust - the spinning blades of a propeller are airfoils that generate thrust by producing a low-pressure region in front of the blades
buoyant force experienced by an object is exactly equal to the weight of the fluid displaced
Archimedes' principle
lateral pressure exerted by a moving fluid decreases as the fluid's speed increases
Bernoulli's principle
random motion of microscopic solid particles in a fluid
Brownian motion
at a constant pressure, volume and temperature of a gas are directly proportional
Charles's law
Use Hooke's law to determine the force required to stretch a spring
F = kx
the hardness scale that measures how easily a material can be scratched
Mohs scale
the scientist who proposed that air has weight and therefore exerts pressure
Torricelli
structure that tilts the airplane from side to side
aileron
The basis for the scientific understanding of all matter
atomic theory of matter
the extremely small particles that make up matter
atoms
A combination of stretching and compression
bending
the tendency of a solid object to float when placed in a fluid
buoyancy
the phenomenon in which liquids in thin tubes rise above or fall beneath their levels is
capillarity
the ability of a gas to be easily squeezed and compacted into smaller containers
compressibility
solids whose molecules or atoms are arranged in an ordered pattern
crystalline
the process of mixing molecules of one substance with another substance by random molecular motion
diffusion
force that tends to slow an object moving through a liquid
drag
The ability of a solid to recover its original shape after it is deformed
elasticity
controls pitch
elevator
increases wing area to produce more lift
flap
airfoil-like structures designed for use in water
hydofoil
The theory that says that all molecules of matter are in constant motion and that molecules move faster at warmer temperatures
kinetic theory of matter
molecules of a ________ are able to move quickly but remain close to each other
liquid
the curved structure that forms because the adhesion of water to glass is stronger than the cohesion between water molecules
meniscus
at what point is a submarine completely underwater but not sinking?
neutral buoyancy
one-way diffusion through a semipermeable membrane
osmosis
the SI unit of pressure
pascal
the maximum amount of permanent change a solid may be subjected to without breaking
plasticity
the property that describes how strongly a material opposes deformation
rigidity
Thin solids that allow certain substances to diffuse through them are said to be
semipermeable
a simple device used to move a liquid over an obstacle without pumps
siphon
the science of shaping objects to allow the smooth flow of fluids around them
streamlining
what type of vessel can change its buoyancy to float on the water's surface or maneuver beneath the surface?
submarine
adhesion
the attractive force between unlike molecules
an airplane's angle left or right
yaw