Physical Science test 2

the type of deformation caused by twisting

torsion

A device used to measure altitude

altimeter

solids that have molecules or atoms randomly arranged are

amorphous

downward force of gravity on an airplane

weight

amount of deformation is proportional to the amount of stretching force

Hooke's law

Study the formulas

Okay, Mrs. Misiura

find the pressure on the surface of a table caused by the weight of a book

P = F/A

find a new volume of a gas if pressure is increased and temperature is kept constant

P1V1 = P2V2

applied pressure inside a closed container is equally distributed

Pascal's law

the principle demonstrated by a hydraulic press

Pascal's principle

at a constant volume, temperature and pressure of a gas are directly proportional

Amonton's law

Describe how Bernoulli's principle contributes to the forces of thrust and lift on an airplane in flight

Answer should include the following ideas: Lift - an airfoil's shape causes the air over the top of the wing to speed up relative to the air beneath the wing Bernoulli's principle requires the faster air on top to exert less pressure on the wing than the slower air below The difference in pressure between the top and bottom of he wing pushes the wing up, toward lower pressure. Thrust - the spinning blades of a propeller are airfoils that generate thrust by producing a low-pressure region in front of the blades

buoyant force experienced by an object is exactly equal to the weight of the fluid displaced

Archimedes' principle

lateral pressure exerted by a moving fluid decreases as the fluid's speed increases

Bernoulli's principle

random motion of microscopic solid particles in a fluid

Brownian motion

at a constant pressure, volume and temperature of a gas are directly proportional

Charles's law

Use Hooke's law to determine the force required to stretch a spring

F = kx

the hardness scale that measures how easily a material can be scratched

Mohs scale

the scientist who proposed that air has weight and therefore exerts pressure

Torricelli

structure that tilts the airplane from side to side

aileron

The basis for the scientific understanding of all matter

atomic theory of matter

the extremely small particles that make up matter

atoms

A combination of stretching and compression

bending

the tendency of a solid object to float when placed in a fluid

buoyancy

the phenomenon in which liquids in thin tubes rise above or fall beneath their levels is

capillarity

the ability of a gas to be easily squeezed and compacted into smaller containers

compressibility

solids whose molecules or atoms are arranged in an ordered pattern

crystalline

the process of mixing molecules of one substance with another substance by random molecular motion

diffusion

force that tends to slow an object moving through a liquid

drag

The ability of a solid to recover its original shape after it is deformed

elasticity

controls pitch

elevator

increases wing area to produce more lift

flap

airfoil-like structures designed for use in water

hydofoil

The theory that says that all molecules of matter are in constant motion and that molecules move faster at warmer temperatures

kinetic theory of matter

molecules of a ________ are able to move quickly but remain close to each other

liquid

the curved structure that forms because the adhesion of water to glass is stronger than the cohesion between water molecules

meniscus

at what point is a submarine completely underwater but not sinking?

neutral buoyancy

one-way diffusion through a semipermeable membrane

osmosis

the SI unit of pressure

pascal

the maximum amount of permanent change a solid may be subjected to without breaking

plasticity

the property that describes how strongly a material opposes deformation

rigidity

Thin solids that allow certain substances to diffuse through them are said to be

semipermeable

a simple device used to move a liquid over an obstacle without pumps

siphon

the science of shaping objects to allow the smooth flow of fluids around them

streamlining

what type of vessel can change its buoyancy to float on the water's surface or maneuver beneath the surface?

submarine

adhesion

the attractive force between unlike molecules

an airplane's angle left or right

yaw