A&P 1: Chapter 8 (Appendicular Skeleton)

lesser tubercle

Is a smaller projection that lies on the anterior, medial surface.

Femur

Is the longest and heaviest bone in the body

pelvic outlet

Is the opening bounded by the coccyx, the ischial tuberosities, and the inferior border of the pubic symphysis

Navicular

It articulates with the talus and with the three cuneiform bones

glenohumeral joint

Joint that articulates the scapulae to humerus

Tibia

Large, medial weight bearing bone of the leg

greater and lesser trochanters

Large, rough projections at junction of neck and shaft. For tendon attachments

calcaneus

Largest tarsal bone that Transfers weight from talus to ground. Attached calcaneal tendon

sternoclavicular joint

Location where the sternum articulates with the clavicle

Condyle

Region where the humerus articulates with the ulna and radius, the bones of the forearm.

anterior margin

Ridge that extends distally from tibial tuberosity

head

Round, proximal portion of the humerus that articulates with scapula

intercondyar fossa

Separates the medial and lateral condyles

iliac fossa

Shallow depression between iliac crest and arcuate line

fovea capitis

Small pit in the center of the femoral head

Fibula

Small, lateral bone of the leg that attached muscles of feet and toes

medial and lateral condyles

Smoothly rounded condyles which are part of the knee joint

obturator foramen

Space encircled by ischial and pubic rami

ischial spine

Superior to lesser schiatic notch

radial fossa

Superior to the capitulum, accommodates portion of the radial head when the elbow bends. Projections from ulnar surface fit here when straightening the elbow.

tibial tuberosity

attaches patellar ligament

acetabular notch

A gap in the ridge that forms margins of acetabulum

Acetabulum

A concave socket that articulates with the head of the femur

interosseous membrane

A fibrous sheet that connects the lateral margin of the ulna to the radius

Phalanges

14 bones of the toes

pectineal line

A ridge that ends at the pubic tubercle, is found on the anterior, superior surface of the superior ramus

Epicondyle

Are processes that develop proximal to an articulation. Provide additional surface for muscle attachment.

Medial and lateral tibial condyles

Articulate with medial and lateral condyles of femur

head of ulna

Articulates with radius to from distal radio-ulnar joint.

head of radius

Articulates with the capitulum of the humerus

radial notch

Articulates with the head of the radius to form proximal radio-ulnar joint

Head of the femur

Articulates with the hip bone at the acetabelum

radial tuberosity

Attached biceps brachii

ulnar styloid process

Attached to articular disc between forearm and wrist.

Triquetrum

Carpal bone that articulates with the articular disc that separates the ulnar head from the wrist.

hallux

Called as great toe and has two phalanges

Scaphoid

Carpal bone closest to the styloid process of radius

Lunate

Comma-shaped bone that lies medial to the scaphoid

pectoral girdle

Connects each arm to the body

1. two s-shaped clavicles 2. two broad scapula

Consists of these bones

wrist

Contains 8 carpal bones

ulnar nerve

Crosses the posterior surface of the medial epicondyle. Sometimes called the funny bone.

transverse arch

Describes the degree of curvature change from one side of the foot to the other. In the condition known as flatfeet, normal arches are lost ("fall") or never form.

1. Trapezium 2. Trapezoid 3. Capitate 4. Hamate

Distal carpal bones are:

proximal phalanges

Distally, metacarpals articulate with the ________________

14

Each hand has _____ bones

medial end of clavicle

End of each clavicle that articulates with the manubrium of the sternum. These are the only joints that directly articulate the pectoral girdle to the axial skeleton.

greater tubercle

Establishes the lateral contour of shoulder

inferior pubic ramus

Extends between ischial ramus and the pubic tubercle

false pelvis

False Perspective

Scapulae

Flat bones found on the posterior side of the rib cage. Articulates with humerus and clavicle

coronoid process

Forms interior lip of the trochlear notch

capitulum

Forms the lateral surface of the condyle

1. ilium 2. ischium 3. pubis

Hip bones are formed by:

appendicular skeleton

Includes the bones of the limbs and the supporting girdles that connect them to the trunk

Patella

Is a large sesamoid bone that forms within the tendon of the quadriceps femoris, a group of muscles that extends (straightens) the knee

iliac spine

Mark the attachment sites of important muscles and ligament

ulnar notch

Marks the site of articulation with the head of the ulna

Medial malleolus

Medial projection at ankle

ischial ramus

Meets inferior pubic ramus

intertubercular sulcus

The tubercles of the humerus are separated by ________________

Humerus

One long bone that extends the scapula to elbow

Ulna

One of the parallel long bones that support the forearm.

superior pubic ramus

Originates near the acetabulum

head of fibula

Part of fibula that articulates with tibia.

arcuate line

Part of hip bones that is continuous with the pectineal line

trochlear notch

Part of ulna that articulates with the trochlea of the humerus at the elbow point

Pisiform

Pea-shaped bone that sit anterior to the triquetrum

radial groove

Posterior part that marks the path of the radial nerve.

ischial tuberosity

Posterior projection that bears the weight when you are sitting

coronoid fossa

Projections from ulnar surface fit here when bending the elbow

infraspinous fossa

The area of the scapulae inferior to the spine

supraspinous fossa

The area of the scapulae superior to the spine

1. Superior angle 2. inferior angle 3. lateral angle

The corners of the scapulae are:

subscapular fossa

The depression in the anterior surface of the scapulae

forearm

The distal portion of the upper limb

Metacarpals

These 5 bones are identified by Roman Numerals

conoid tubercle and costal tubercosity

These are clavicles attachment sites for muscles and ligaments of shoulder.

Acromion

The larger posterior process of the scapulae. This articulates with the clavicle and continuous with the spine of the scapula

Hamate

The medial distal carpal bone

surgical neck

The narrower distal part of the humerus correponds to the metaphysis of the growing bone

1. Head 2. shaft 3. condyle

These are the main parts of the humerus

Cuneiform Bones (medial, intermediate, lateral)

These wedge-shaped bones are arranged in a row, with articulations between them

1) scaphoid 2) lunate 3) triquetrum 4) pisiform

The proximal carpal bones are:

Olecranon

The proximal end of ulna and the point of the elbow

coracoid process

The small anterior projection of scapulae

lunate surface

The smooth, cup-shaped articular surface of the acetabulum is ___________________

deltoid tuberosity

This is a round , rough elevation on the lateral surface of the shaft that attached the deltoid muscle

Trochlea

This is a spool-shaped medial portion of the condyle

radial styloid process

This is located on the lateral surface of the radius that helps stabilize wrist joints

pelvic girdle

This is made up of hip bones, also called as coxal bones or pelvic bones. Attached to lower limbs.

gleniod cavity

This is the part where the scapulae articulates with the humerus

anatomical neck

This marks the extent of the joint capsule

acromial end

This part of clavicle articulates with the scapulae

sternal end

This part of the clavicle originates at the manubrium

1. Femoral head 2. shaft 3. condyles

Three parts of the femur

1. Superior Border 2. Medial Border 3. Lateral Border

Three sides of Scapulae

longitudinal arch

Ties the calcaneus to the distal portions of the metatarsals.

Arches of the foot

Transfer weight from one part of foot to another

Talus

Transfers the weight of the body from tibia towards the toes

1. Olecranon 2. Shaft 3. Ulnar Head

Ulna is made up of these:

Trapezoid

Wedge-shaped carpal bone that lies medial to the trapezium

sacro-iliac joint

Where auricular surfaces of ilia articulate with sacrum

greater sciatic notch

Where sciatic nerve reaches the lower limb

iliac tuberosity

a roughened area superior to the auricular surface that stabilizes the sacro-iliac joint

patellar surface

a smooth articular surface over which the patella glides and separate the anterior and inferior surfaces of medial and lateral condyles

Cuboid

articulates with the anterior surface of the calcaneus.

True Pelvis

inferior to pelvic brim

linea aspera

is a rough ridge that runs along the center of the posterior surface of the femoral shaft, marking the attachment site of powerful hip muscles.

Capitate

largest carpal bone

Trapezium

lateral bone of the distal row

radius

lateral bone of the forearm

lateral malleolus

lateral projection of ankle

gluteal lines

mark the attachment of large hip muscles

intertrochanteric line

marks the edge of the articular capsule on the anterior surface of the femur

iliac crest

upper brim of hip bones