CH16- 1848 REVOLUTIONS

December 1851, Louis Napoleon did what?

He dissolved the Constituent Assembly.

The humiliation of Olmutz was about what?

This was when Prussia was forced (by the Russians, due to their fear of Prussia expansion) demobilize their army and discard the idea of a Prussian union. It was signed in November 29,1850

The Frankfurt Parliament's Basic Rights proclaimed (ALL OF THE FOLLOWING EXCEPT)

equality of "every German" before the law, freedom of speech, assembly and religion; the end of seigneurial obligations, and the right to private property. Jews also gained equality

British authorities in the late 1840's searched ships arriving from the U.S. due to

fear of potential weapons and funds for insurgents

In 1848 the Frankfurt Assembly...

had numerous delegates gather in Frankfurt's St. Paul's Church. ⅔ of the delegates had educated occupations and about a third of the delegates had some legal training (thus the name 'parliament of lawyers'. Many members debated their ideas but it was inaudible to the people in the back. Eventually, Heinrich von Gagern was elected president.

The most difficult question for all-German Frankfurt Assembly to resolve was:

how to unite the German nation

The "June Days" were

in France in 1848. The National Workshops were to be closed for 3 days so workers protested in Central and Eastern Paris. General Cavaignac put down the movement. Immediate legislation was passed in order to curtail popular political movements (limit of freedom of the press, assembly, and closed political clubs).

The government established in France as a result of the February 1848 revolution was known as:

The Second Republic of France

Metternich's response to the Revolutions of 1848 was

"I am not a prophet and I do not know what will happen, but I am an old physician and can distinguish between temporary and fatal diseases. We now face one of the latter" - Metternich. He thought the Revolutions would bring the end.

Mazzini's "Risorgimento" means what?

"Rising Again/Revival" the movement for Italian Unification

The Montagnards in this period were:

"The Mountain." A political group in France that opposed the Party of Order. Louis Blanc was a member. Led by Ledru-Rollin. (democratic-socialists)

What is the Bach system?

A system of carefully coordinated bureaucratic surveillance, spying, and repression that helped root out political opposition. It was established by Alexander Bach, the minister of justice.

During the "June Days"...

For three days, workers raged in their quarters of central and eastern Paris. GEneral Louis Cavaignac put down the uprising with extreme brutality, using regular army soldiers, the Mobile Guard, and the National guard units. More than 1,500 insurgents were killed and thousands deported or incarcerated. It occurred from the announcement of the closing of the National Workshops

In 1848, the king of Prussia was:

Frederick WIlliam IV

Giuseppe Mazzini, Young Italy, what's that all about?

Giuseppe Mazzini was the father of Italian nationalism and a promoter of Italian unification and suggested that Europe became a loose confederation of democratic states. He created the Young Italy nationalist movement.

Revolution broke out in 1848 in each of the following places EXCEPT:

Great Britain and Russia

The 2 powers most conspicuously absent from the tumult of 1848:

Great Britain and Russia

What are the legacies of 1848?

Increased militarization, dashed the hopes of liberals, republicans, and nationalists, marked the first time workers put forward organized demands for political rights, increased German nationalism, spread ideas of republicanism, nationalism, and socialism, increased Italian desire for unification, rise of Chartism in Great Britain, Irish nationalist movement,and fear from Great Britain of revolutions, peasants were free from labor obligations in Austria

Kleindeutsch versus Grossdeutsch?

Kleindeutsch wanted to center around Prussia (Protestant) and did not want the inclusion of Austria (Roman Catholic). Grossdeutsch wanted Germany to include all states and territories within the German Confederation.

The Hungarian nationalist movement was led by a noble lawyer by the name of:

Lajos Kossuth

The Revolutions of 1848 first broke out in what city?

Palermo, Sicily

After being appointed the head of the Austrian government in the late 1848, this counter-revolutionary noble convinced Ferdinand I to abdicate in favor of his more able son:

Prince Felix zu Schwarzenberg

Passed in March 1850 by the French Assembly, the Falloux Law was a conservative measure which did what?

The Catholic clergy were now permitted to open secondary schools and to serve on education committees.

The French Falloux Law of 1850 was about what?

The Catholic clergy were now permitted to open secondary schools and to serve on education committees.

The revolution of 1848 in France ultimately resulted in what?

The ascension of Napoleon III as emperor, going back to the imperial absolutism.

The Roman Republic was established in 1849 after the pope fled the Papal States, but it was soon defeated by...

the French (NApoleon III)

The main consequence of the Revolutions of 1848 was:

the demise of parliamentary government and anti-evolution

The February 1848 revolution in France as provoked by this action:

the disastrous harvests, the international humiliation from Egypt, and the neglection. On February 22, 1848, in Paris, there was a giant reform banquet in where numerous marchers were shot in panic. King Louis-Philippe abdicated his throne, and the Second French Republic was proclaimed at the town hall.

A key reason for the failure of the Revolutions of 1848 was

the division between the revolting groups in goals and culture.

All of the following are true about the Revolutions of 1848 EXCEPT:

the nearly simultaneous fall of governments throughout Europe was due in part to an international revolutionary conspiracy

Louis Blanc's "national workshops" in France...

were created by the government to create jobs for the unemployed. Workers leveled hills and fixed roads.

In 1848, the peoples of the Austrian empire

were very diverse and of different backgrounds. Along with the Germans and Austrians were the Hungarians (Magyars), Italians, Czechs, Croats, Serbs, Slovaks, and Romanians.