PSY Exam 2

Other-race effect

-we tend to remember faces of our own race more accurately than faces of other races -found in infants 3-9 months -prejudice

By the age of _____ months, an infant's typical babbling has changed such that a trained ear can identify the language of the infant's household.

10

In the United States, about _____ percent of all babies are walking by age 11 months, 50 percent are walking within a week after their first birthday, and about 90 percent are walking by age 15 months.

25%

The period of adolescence is lengthening in industrialized cultures such as in Europe, the United States, and Australia. Adolescents are taking more time to finish their education and establish careers. The average age for a first marriage in the United States is now 28 for men and _______ for women.

26

Intellectual disability refers to a condition of limited mental ability, which is indicated by an intelligence test score at or below _____, as well as difficulty adapting to the normal demands of independent living.

70

The difference between the intelligence models developed by Robert Sternberg and Howard Gardner is that Sternberg proposed three intelligences, while Gardner proposed _____ intelligence(s).

8

A lesion in _____ area of the brain would MOST likely result in a disruption of speech production.

Broca's

The tendency to emphasize the impact of parents' child-rearing practices on children's personality has been most characteristic of _____ psychologists.

Freudian

Initiating one or more small conciliatory acts which opens the door to a reciprocal response is a central feature of _____.

GRIT

The widely used American revision of Alfred Binet's original intelligence test was developed by _____.

Lewis Terman

_____ involves strong components of sexuality and infatuation, and is often predominant in the early part of a love relationship.

Passionate love

According to the cognitive psychologist _____, during adolescence most individuals achieve the formal operations intellectual stage of development.

Piaget

_____ goals are shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation.

Superordinate

A new family has moved in next door to you. Your 5-year-old daughter refuses to meet the neighbor's 6-year-old son. Your daughter cannot imagine that he might share her interests. The cause of her rigid stereotype about boys and girls is her gender _____.

schema

According to _____ theory, social relationships involve an exchange of goods; people try to minimize costs and maximize benefits.

social exchange

A person in a group tends to exert MORE effort when he is individually accountable than when he is working with others toward a common goal. This is known as _____.

social loafing

Scott just celebrated his 25th anniversary at the company. He felt that the gold watch he received was just a meaningless trinket, and was glad that he balanced his work with family life. According to Erik Erikson, Scott is in the stage of development called generativity vs. _____.

stagnation

Beliefs about other groups are _________

stereotypes

_____ can be defined as a cluster of characteristics that are associated with all members of a specific social group, often including qualities that are unrelated to the objective evidence that define the group.

stereotypes

Dawson is 17. He does not drink or use drugs, but he likes to participate in reckless behavior when he is behind the wheel of a car. When Dawson is 23 he will most likely _____ this type of behavior.

stop

In one of the Star Trek movies, a character states that Earth's first contact with an alien species united humanity like never before, and ushered in an era of peace, technological advancement, and well-being. Apparently, first contact provided humanity with shared ______ goals.

superordinate

Daniel just celebrated his 25th anniversary at the company. He feels that the gold watch he received is just a meaningless trinket, and is glad that he is able to balance his work with family life. Daniel is probably feeling: a. confused about his role in life. b. guilty that he doesn't work harder. c. isolated from his coworkers. d. a sense of purpose.

d. a sense of purpose.

Max does not recycle glass, metal, or plastic garbage because he thinks it is inconvenient and has minimal impact on the city's already overflowing landfills. His reaction best illustrates the dynamics of: a. social facilitation. b. social exchange theory. c. the mere exposure effect. d. a social trap.

d. a social trap.

Because of an automobile accident, June suffered damage to her left hemisphere in Broca's area. June is MOST likely to experience: a. amnesia. b. memory loss. c. auditory hallucinations. d. aphasia.

d. aphasia.

A(n) _____ measures a person's capacity to learn, whereas a(n) _____ measures what a person has already learned. a. achievement test; IQ test b. IQ test; aptitude test c. achievement test; aptitude test d. aptitude test; achievement test

d. aptitude test; achievement test

Discrimination is a negative _____, whereas prejudice is a negative _____. a. belief; action b. attitude; behavior c. behavior; action d. behavior; attitude

d. behavior; attitude

Improved judgment, impulse control, and the ability to plan for the future develop during the teens and early twenties, are largely a result of: a. a surge of hormones beginning in puberty. b. growth in the number of neurons and their connections. c. development of the parietal lobe of the brain. d. development of the frontal lobe of the brain.

d. development of the frontal lobe of the brain.

Laurie and Jim have been married for 20 years. When asked, Laurie indicated that what she most appreciated about their marriage was that they both freely give and receive affection and that they share decision-making and household responsibilities. Laurie's description is an example of: a. mere exposure effect. b. passionate love. c. self-disclosure. d. equity.

d. equity.

Women, more than men, prefer to alternate periods of high sexual activity with periods of very little sexual activity. This best illustrates gender differences in: a. set points. b. basal metabolic rate. c. refractory periods. d. erotic plasticity.

d. erotic plasticity.

Evolutionary psychologists believe that men in almost all cultures are attracted to women based on youthful physical characteristics that denote: a. lack of sexual assertiveness. b. potential for long-term mating and fidelity. c. health and likely longevity. d. fertility and good health.

d. fertility and good health.

During adolescence, according to Jean Piaget, most individuals achieve this stage of intellectual development: a. preoperational. b. concrete operations. c. sensorimotor. d. formal operations.

d. formal operations.

According to researchers, teens who start smoking typically have _____ who model smoking and offer cigarettes. a. parents b. teachers c. older neighbors d. friends

d. friends

The sentence, "Man, like other mammals, nurses his young," sounds peculiar to many people because generic words such as he, his, and man are NOT truly: a. abstract. b. linguistically-determined. c. gender-biased. d. gender-neutral.

d. gender-neutral.

To most people, the sexual abuse of a very young child is so emotionally repulsive that they immediately recognize it as immoral. This best illustrates that moral judgments may possibly reflect: a. concrete operational thought. b. insecure attachments. c. habituation. d. gut-level intuitions.

d. gut-level intuitions.

Research has shown that among American couples that live together before marriage, there are: a. lower rates of divorce. b. no effects on marital happiness or outcomes. c. greater commitments to marriage when it occurred. d. higher rates of divorce.

d. higher rates of divorce.

Daniel is 82 years old. Which of these memories will he most likely remember best? a. what he had for dinner two Friday's ago b. a neighborhood kid's first birthday party c. the first time he went to the zoo as a child d. his high school prom

d. his high school prom

Marshall frequently expresses his extreme attitude about gun control legislation. He is very knowledgeable about the topic, and he has a vested interest in the subject. According to the attitudes-follows-behavior principle, Marshall: a. is likely to behave only in ways that will gain him social acceptance and approval. b. will tend to talk a lot about this topic but is not likely to take any concrete action. c. is likely to privately behave in a way that is just the opposite of the attitudes he has publicly expressed. d. is very likely to behave in accordance with his attitudes.

d. is very likely to behave in accordance with his attitudes.

According to Erikson, failure to achieve intimacy leads to: a. despair. b. guilt. c. confusion. d. isolation.

d. isolation.

With repeated exposure, the emotional response to any erotic stimulus often _____, or habituates. a. stays the same b. fluctuates c. increases d. lessens

d. lessens

Donna's parents divorced when she was a little girl. Her mother works two jobs and they eat a lot of fast food. It is likely that Donna will: a. have a less developed cortex as an adult. b. grow taller than her peers. c. turn to drugs and alcohol as a teenager. d. mature at an earlier age.

d. mature at an earlier age.

When adolescents reach the stage of formal operations, they tend to become: a. less argumentative. b. less self-absorbed. c. more hypocritical. d. more idealistic.

d. more idealistic.

Marla and Dave, a married couple in their 30s, have a 2-year-old child. They are most likely to feel: a. a decreased need to socialize with peers. b. increased stress from raising a family. c. less desire to have more children. d. more satisfaction out of life.

d. more satisfaction out of life.

People who can recognize emotion in faces, music, and stories are generally good at what those interested in emotional intelligence would call: a. understanding emotions. b. using emotion. c. managing emotions. d. perception of emotion.

d. perception of emotion.

Jackie has an extremely low IQ of 65. She lives at an assisted living center where she works part time in the kitchen cleaning dishes. Jackie's ability to work effectively displays: a. social skills. b. conceptual skills. c. creative intelligence. d. practical skills.

d. practical skills.

During this stage of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, children are able to represent things with words and images and use intuitive rather than logical reasoning. a. concrete operational b. sensorimotor c. formal operational d. preoperational

d. preoperational

According to researchers, preschoolers who dislike a certain food despite their parent's urging often will eat the food if: a. put at a table with a group of adults who like it. b. put at a table with a group of teenagers who like it. c. put at a table with a group of older children who like it. d. put at a table with a group of children who like it.

d. put at a table with a group of children who like it.

When people feel drawn to a partner: a. they seek advice from their religious leaders. b. they become motivated to overestimate the sexual risks. c. they seek out contraception. d. they become motivated to underestimate the sexual risks.

d. they become motivated to underestimate the sexual risks.

Aggression-replacement programs teach parents to: a. use physical punishment to remove aggressive behavior in children. b. replace aggressive behavior in children with sports. c. replace physical punishment with verbal intimidation. d. use positive reinforcement rather than punishment to obtain desirable behavior in children.

d. use positive reinforcement rather than punishment to obtain desirable behavior in children.

Professor Mungal hands out an exam that is supposed to be on Chapters 11 and 12. The class is shocked to see that the exam is covering Chapters 13 and 14 instead. The exam clearly lacks _____ in relation to Chapters 11 and 12. a. reliability b. standardization c. heritability d. validity

d. validity

A recent ad for toy cars stated the following: "Your son will feel ten feet tall today. He will be able to explore his world, he will be able to create cities, and he will be able to drive his imagination to new places." This is an example of a(n) _____.

gender role

In the United States as of 30 years ago, men were expected to initiate dates and women to select wedding gifts. This best illustrates aspects of _____.

gender roles

Because 14-year-old Ferris believes that crying is a feminine trait, he has difficulty admitting that a movie makes him tearful. His experience best illustrates dynamics highlighted by _____ theory.

gender schema

The sentence, "Man, like other mammals, nurses his young," sounds peculiar to many people because generic words such as he, his, and man are NOT truly _____.

gender-free

Freud's ideas of love and work correspond to Erikson's stages of intimacy and _____.

generativity

According to Alice Eagly and Wendy Wood, cultures with gender inequality where men are providers and women are "homemakers" are more likely to have _____ gender differences in mate preferences than are cultures with gender equality.

greater

Marissa resents the burden and constraints of caring for her infant daughter. She frequently ignores her daughter's cries for attention. As a consequence, her daughter is most likely to display signs of _____ attachment.

insecure

Gary, 15 months of age, says things like "doggy," "mama," and "dada." He is in the _____ stage.

one-word

The correct order of the stages of the sexual response cycle is excitement, plateau, _____, and resolution.

orgasm

According to Sternberg, _____ intelligence is often required for everyday tasks, which are frequently ill-defined, with multiple solutions.

practical

Ryan thinks he should obey his teachers only if they are carefully watching him. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that Ryan demonstrates a(n) _____ morality.

preconventional

During the _____ stage of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, children are able to represent things with words and images and use intuitive rather than logical reasoning.

preoperational

A baby's ability to comprehend speech is known as receptive language; his or her ability to speak is known as _____ language.

productive

The process of developing a sense of identity during adolescence was highlighted by Erik Erikson's _____ development theory.

psychosocial

After Mrs. Daniels and her children had helped themselves to free samples of the cookies promoted in the grocery store, she felt obligated to buy some, even though they seemed unreasonably expensive. Her reaction best illustrates the significance of the _____.

reciprocity norm

Tia regularly donates blood because she received a life-saving transfusion when she was in a car accident five years ago. Tia's helping behavior is best explained by the _____.

reciprocity norm

The average age of children having their earliest conscious memory is _____ years. a. 3.5 b. 3 c. 5 d. 4.5

a. 3.5

_____ is the unselfish regard for the welfare of others. a. Altruism b. Social exchange theory c. Social facilitation d. The mere exposure effect

a. Altruism

This is the portion of the brain that controls the muscles that are responsible for speech. a. Broca's area b. Wernicke's area c. hypothalamus d. amygdala

a. Broca's area

_____ increases with age, while _____ decreases with age. a. Crystallized intelligence; fluid intelligence b. Practical intelligence; fluid intelligence c. Fluid intelligence; crystallized intelligence d. Crystallized intelligence; emotional intelligence

a. Crystallized intelligence; fluid intelligence

Research investigating the responses that people have to erotic stimuli has found which of the following results? a. Erotic stimuli produce virtually identical levels of arousal in both men and women. b. Erotic stimuli produce sexual arousal in men that is far greater than the arousal produced in women. c. Erotic stimuli produce sexual arousal in women that is far greater than the arousal produced in men d. Research exploring the impact of erotic stimuli on men and women has not been conducted, as it violates established protocols of research ethics.

a. Erotic stimuli produce virtually identical levels of arousal in both men and women.

Early maturation in boys tends to produce boys who are: a. more self-assured, popular, and independent. b. less likely to engage in alcohol use and other risky behaviors. c. less mature emotionally. d. more vulnerable to sexual harassment and embarrassment.

a. more self-assured, popular, and independent.

In English, most _____ are combinations of two or more phonemes. a. morphemes b. syntactical rules c. phonemes d. semantics

a. morphemes

Sit, run, walk, and crawl represent a sequence of which milestones? a. motor development b. physical fitness c. neural branching d. cortical development

a. motor development

According to Sternberg, _____ is often required for everyday tasks, which are frequently ill-defined, with multiple solutions. a. practical intelligence b. creative intelligence c. fluid intelligence d. analytical intelligence

a. practical intelligence

Jessica acts so differently with her parents than with her girlfriends that she often thinks her personality is completely phony. Erik Erikson would have suggested that Jessica is experiencing: a. role confusion. b. insecure attachment. c. egocentrism. d. fluid intelligence.

a. role confusion.

According to Jean Piaget, during this stage of cognitive development, object permanence and stranger anxiety are the developmental phenomena that occur. a. sensorimotor b. formal operational c. concrete operational d. preoperational

a. sensorimotor

Tameka volunteers twice a week at a homeless shelter along with members of her church youth group. They tutor and read to young elementary age children who are housed in the shelter. Tameka's volunteerism is an example of: a. social-responsibility norm. b. social facilitation. c. reciprocity norm. d. social exchange theory.

a. social-responsibility norm.

According to contemporary newspaper accounts, although neighbors heard Kitty Genovese screaming for help as she was being murdered, they failed to call the police in time to save her. This best illustrates: a. the mere exposure effect. b. the bystander effect. c. social facilitation. d. group polarization.

b. the bystander effect.

In the English language, adjectives are typically placed before nouns (e.g., "green car"). This illustrates an English language rule of: a. phonemes. b. semantics. c. syntax. d. algorithms.

c. syntax.

While on vacation in Mexico, James attempts to speak Spanish. However, he is finding it difficult to communicate with others. He is using Spanish terms, but using English word order. James is having difficulty with: a. semantics. b. insight. c. syntax. d. phonemes.

c. syntax.

Critics of evolutionary psychology are particularly likely to emphasize that gender differences in mate preferences can also be byproducts of_____ practices.

cultural

Gussie and Max have been happily married for 54 years. This morning, however, Gussie made an unkind remark about Max's table manners. Given research findings on marital satisfaction and attribution, what did Max think of this comment? a. "She has a negative personality disorder." b. "She is always on my case; she is such an unforgiving person." c. "She is a perfectionist with no patience." d. "She must be having a bad day."

d. "She must be having a bad day."

Although physical decline begins in early adulthood, it is not until later in life that it becomes really noticeable. Which of the following declines in later life? a. visual sharpness b. muscle strength c. auditory levels d. All of these abilities decline in later life

d. All of these abilities decline in later life

Sasha is a 4-year-old female cat who is "in heat." She is yowling to be let out of the house. Her owner knows that when she is "in heat": a. she is sexually receptive. b. she is ovulating. c. her estrogen level is at its peak. d. All of these things will occur when Sasha is "in heat."

d. All of these things will occur when Sasha is "in heat."

_____ refers to a person's accumulated knowledge and verbal skills. a. Practical intelligence b. Fluid intelligence c. Emotional intelligence d. Crystallized intelligence

d. Crystallized intelligence

Maddie and Darren are twins. They were about the same height until they were eleven. What would one expect to occur when they are eighteen? a. Maddie will be taller than Darren. b. They will both grow taller but they will still be about the same height. c. They will remain the same height and stop growing. d. Darren will be taller than Maddie.

d. Darren will be taller than Maddie.

_____ is a sex hormone that is secreted in greater amounts in females than in males. a. GABA b. Deoxyribonucleic acid c. Testosterone d. Estrogen

d. Estrogen

_____ refers to the system of rules of a language that enables people to communicate with and understand others speaking the same language. a. Framing b. Phoneme c. Morpheme d. Grammar

d. Grammar

How did the rate of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among "commercial sex workers" in Thailand drop from more than 400,000 cases to fewer than 30,000 cases in a four-year period? a. The Thai government enacted new laws that outlawed commercial sex practices. b. The medications used to eradicate such STIs had not been available prior to that four-year period. c. The Thai legislature enacted harsh punishments, including lengthy prison terms, for any such worker found guilty of transmitting a STI to a customer. d. Thailand promoted a policy of 100-percent condom use by such individuals during that time.

d. Thailand promoted a policy of 100-percent condom use by such individuals during that time.

_____refers to people's ideas about their own and others' mental states; that is, how feelings, perceptions, or thoughts might predict behavior. a. Theory of conservation b. Assimilation c. Schemas d. Theory of mind

d. Theory of mind

The _____ is one of the MOST widely used intelligence tests for children. a. Binet Intelligence Test (BIT) b. WAIS c. SAT d. WISC

d. WISC

In which brain area would a lesion MOST likely result in a disruption of language comprehension and expression? a. hypothalamus b. Broca's area c. amygdala d. Wernicke's area

d. Wernicke's area

In a study that followed hundreds of 5- to 18-year-old girls from New Zealand and the United States, _____ correlated with sexual activity before age 16. a. egocentrism b. erotic plasticity c. basal metabolic rate d. a father's absence

d. a father's absence

____ proposed cognitive dissonance theory.

Festinger

The American revision of Binet's original intelligence test was called the _____.

Stanford-Binet

_____ is a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test.

Factor analysis

Jennifer experienced a traumatic head injury after she collided with a tree while downhill skiing. During her recovery, her doctors noticed that she had a difficult time understanding what others were saying to her. Jennifer probably damaged _____ area.

Wernicke's

_____ were researchers in human sexuality who observed muscle contractions all over the body during orgasm.

William Masters and Virginia Johnson

According to Sternberg, _____ intelligence is assessed by intelligence tests, which present well-defined problems having a single right answer.

analytical

A(n) _____ test measures a person's capacity to learn, whereas an achievement test measures what a person has already learned.

aptitude

Freud's ideas of love and work correspond to Erikson's stages of: a. connectedness and competence. b. affiliation and attachment. c. intimacy and generativity. d. attachment and productivity.

c. intimacy and generativity.

The _____ is the smallest unit of language that carries meaning. a. syntax b. phoneme c. morpheme d. prototype

c. morpheme

According to Lawrence Kohlberg, the majority of children younger than age 9 have a _____ morality. a. conventional b. operational c. preconventional d. postconventional

c. preconventional

Ovaries are to _____ as menarche is to _____. a. spermache; penis b. penis; menopause c. testes; spermache d. testes; menopause

c. testes; spermache

Joanie has noticed a decrease in her level of sexual interest since she had her ovaries removed. This decrease has most likely occurred because her natural _____ level is _____. a. PYY; raised b. testosterone; raised c. testosterone; lowered d. PYY; lowered

c. testosterone; lowered

Semantics plus syntax equals _____.

grammar

The greater the age at which one immigrates to a new country with a different language, the _____ it is to learn the language.

harder

Jason is a 25-year-old homosexual man who wonders why he is homosexual and his two younger brothers are not. A partial explanation might be that in his fourth month in utero, he was exposed to _____ levels typically experienced by female fetuses.

hormone

Jared is unlucky in love. Relationships make him anxious and usually don't turn out well. It is likely that Jared developed a(n) _____ attachment as a child.

insecure

Freud's ideas of love and work correspond to Erikson's stages of _____ and generativity.

intimacy

Though she has had sexual intercourse, 30-year-old Keshia has never had an orgasm. Her physician has told her she has a(n) _____ disorder.

orgasmic dysfunction

A person's enduring sexual attraction toward members of their own sex or the other sex is called their sexual _____.

orientation

To say the word bat, people utter the _____ b, a, and t.

phonemes

The _____ is the expectation that we should return help, not harm, to those who have helped us.

reciprocity norm

Mere exposure effect

repeated exposure increases our liking

People's sexual orientation is so basic to their identity that it operates _____.

subconsciously

Hostilities between a riverfront community's two racial subgroups were dramatically reduced when the threat that the river would flood its banks required them to work together to save their town. This best illustrates the impact of _____ goals.

superordinate

Desiree has noticed a decrease in her level of sexual interest since she had her ovaries removed. This decrease has most likely occurred because her natural _____ level is lower.

testosterone

The process of developing a sense of identity during adolescence was highlighted by the psychologist _____'s psychosocial development theory.

Erikson

Eagly Physical Attractiveness

-healthier -happier

Scapegoat Theory

-theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame -prejudice

On the original Stanford-Binet test, an 8-year-old who responds with the proficiency of an average 10-year-old would have an IQ of _____.

125

Neural Influences of Aggression

-Amygdala Stimulation -Less activity in the frontal lobes

Just-World Phenomenon

-belief that people get what they deserve -prejudice

By _____ months of age, babies can discriminate speech sounds and read lips.

4

Hussein is concerned that he has infantile amnesia. He cannot remember events before he was about _____ years old.

4

In the English language, there are about _____ phonemes, which can be combined to form more than 100,000 morphemes.

40

_____ stated that "moral feelings precede moral reasoning."

Haidt

The National Institute of Mental Health is conducting a study on older adults (50 to 75 years of age) regarding memory and response time in relation to timed tasks. They are bringing in all age groups at once to compare the differences. This is a(n) _____ study. a. cross-sectional b. experimental c. longitudinal d. chronological

a. cross-sectional

The type of intelligence that combines the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use feelings is called: a. emotional intelligence. b. crystallized intelligence. c. practical intelligence. d. social intelligence.

a. emotional intelligence.

Alexandra is well-liked by her friends. When you watch her, you can see that she mimics her friends' gestures and seems to match their moods. Your textbook suggests that this automatic mimicry is a component of: a. empathy. b. prejudice. c. authenticity. d. subjectivity.

a. empathy.

The Stanford Prison Experiment consisted of male college students who volunteered to participate in a simulated prison. Half of the students became guards, and the other half became prisoners. _____ was the name of the psychologist who had to call off the study after only six days because of the degrading behaviors displayed by the guards and the way the prisoners became passive, broke down, or rebelled.

Philip Zimbardo

What percentage of adults report a mid-life crisis? a. 60 percent b. 25 percent c. 40 percent for men; 25 percent for women d. 1 percent

b. 25 percent

A _____ is a set of expected behaviors for males and females. a. gender type b. gender role c. gender identity d. gender constancy

b. gender role

The ability to inhibit one language while using another language is known as the _____.

bilingual advantage

Research has shown that psychological, _____, and social-cultural influences have an influence on the sexual motivation of human beings.

biological

After Brita learned that penguins cannot fly, she had to modify her existing concept of birds. This best illustrates the process of _____.

accommodation

The _____ principle indicates that, although we often cannot directly control all of our feelings, we can influence our feelings by changing our behavior.

attitudes-follow-behavior

Sharon's father demands total obedience from his children. When he speaks, he expects his children to listen. There is no discussion and no arguing. He has zero tolerance for anyone breaking the rules he has decreed. Sharon's father has a(n) _____ type of parenting style.

authoritarian

Compared to children with authoritarian parents, children of _____ parents may be more likely to develop a sense of self-reliance and more likely to demonstrate social competence.

authoritative

According to research by the Kinsey Institute: a. homosexuals are twice as likely as heterosexuals to have been smothered by motherly love. b. heterosexuals are twice as likely as homosexuals to have been smothered by motherly love. c. homosexuals are twice as likely as heterosexuals to have been neglected by their fathers. d. homosexuals are no more likely than heterosexuals to have been smothered by motherly love.

d. homosexuals are no more likely than heterosexuals to have been smothered by motherly love.

The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions is referred to as emotional: a. competence. b. expressiveness. c. creativity. d. intelligence.

d. intelligence.

Howard Gardner proposed that intelligence is: a. reflected in how well one does in school. b. a concept with little utility or meaning. c. a global trait that is reflected in multiple abilities. d. reflected in any of several specific abilities.

d. reflected in any of several specific abilities.

Some people who score below average on intelligence tests have an "island of brilliance", which refers to some incredible ability, such as heightened musical memory. This condition is known as: a. split brain syndrome. b. Down syndrome. c. aphasia. d. savant syndrome.

d. savant syndrome.

The fraternal birth order effect refers to a factor associated with: a. task leadership. b. eating disorders. c. achievement motivation. d. sexual orientation.

d. sexual orientation.

All of the following are true about death and dying EXCEPT: a. parents who have lost a child had higher rates of psychiatric hospitalization compared to parents who did not suffer this type of loss. b. those who express the strongest grief immediately do not progress through their grief more quickly. c. self-help groups provide support, but the passage of time also helps. d. terminally ill and bereaved people go through predictable stages of grief, such as denial before anger.

d. terminally ill and bereaved people go through predictable stages of grief, such as denial before anger.

The hormone that is typically implicated in aggressive behavior is: a. dopamine. b. estrogen. c. GABA. d. testosterone.

d. testosterone.

Jarrod is a second-grader who is 7-years-old. He is quite bright and can do the work of a 9-year-old child in the fourth grade. Based on Alfred Binet's scoring system, Jarrod would likely have: a. an IQ of 100. b. the mental age of 7. c. an IQ of 115. d. the mental age of 9.

d. the mental age of 9.

Jeremy is 16 years old and is trying different clothes and hairstyles. His father is confused and sometimes shocked by the pairing of shirts and pants, the earrings, chains, and hair colors. His mother on the other hand, just laughs. According to Erik Erikson, Jeremy is in the stage of development called: a. generativity vs. stagnation. b. initiative vs. guilt. c. identity vs. role confusion. d. intimacy vs. isolation.

c. identity vs. role confusion.

The culturally preferred timing of events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement is known as the social _____.

clock

_____ love refers to the deep affectionate attachment people feel for those with whom their lives are intertwined.

companionate

In animals, the process of attachment occurs during a brief developmental phase known as a _____ period.

critical

Beginning at around ___ months, children may greet strangers by crying and reaching for their familiar caregivers. a. 12 b. 9 c. 7 d. 8

d. 8

Throughout the world, what is the percentage of heterosexual adults who marry? a. 95 b. 85 c. 80 d. 90

d. 90

Uninvolved parenting is to permissive parenting as low responsiveness is to _____. a. supportive listening b. harsh punishments c. constructive criticism d. few demands

d. few demands

Children start to gain control over their attention beginning in preschool. This control is related to a growth spurt in which lobe? a. occipital b. temporal c. parietal d. frontal

d. frontal

April's father had a brain tumor. It was successfully treated and removed a few years ago. April takes her kids to visit him each week. She pays close attention to her father, but she is NOT concerned: a. with changes in his behavior. b. if he remembers to pay his bills. c. if he has trouble communicating. d. with how many jokes he tells the kids.

d. with how many jokes he tells the kids.

To increase one's _____, one must learn more words. a. divergent thinking b. convergent thinking c. algorithmic power d. word power

d. word power

Beginning slowly in one's 20's and 30's, and then more quickly after age 75, fluid intelligence _____.

decreases

The reduction in personal identity and erosion of the sense of personal responsibility when one is part of a group is known as _____.

deindividuation

While driving to work, LaVerne's car started smoking and broke down on a road with a lot of traffic. Her cell phone's battery died so she could not call for help. She was unsuccessful in getting someone to stop to help for more than two hours until a police officer offered assistance. LaVerne's difficulty in getting someone to help is an example of _____.

diffusion of responsibility

Sam is 20 years old and still very much dependent on his parents. They are paying for his college tuition as well as his living expenses. He spends his school holidays at home with them. According to some researchers, he is in the phase of life known as _____ adulthood.

emerging

Actors are very good at expressing emotions for a variety of situations. It can safely be assumed that actors would score high on measures of _____ intelligence.

emotional

People who score very high on _____ intelligence tests are likely to experience high-quality interactions with friends

emotional

Although Olivia receives slightly greater rewards from her marriage than her husband, both are satisfied with the relationship because they each benefit in proportion to what they put into it. This best illustrates the significance of _____.

equity

Aphasia is usually caused by damage to the _____ hemisphere of the brain.

left

Concerning the potential association between political affiliation and the fundamental attribution error, liberals are _____ likely to make the error than are conservatives.

less

A researcher who administers a personality test to the same children every three years is conducting a(n) _____ study.

longitudinal

Evolutionary psychologists attribute gender differences in sexuality to the fact that women have a _____ reproductive potential than do men.

lower

Mary's inability to toilet train her 10-month-old infant is most likely due to _____.

maturation

The orderly sequence of developmental growth is referred to as _____.

maturation

_____ is to a girl's sexual development as spermarche is to a boy's sexual development.

menarche

The original intelligence test developed by Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon set out to measure performance in terms of _____, which refers to the chronological age that typically corresponds to a given level of performance.

mental age

The _____ is the smallest unit of language that carries meaning.

morpheme

In the context of this chapter, prefixes and suffixes are examples of _____.

morphemes

Antisocial Relations

negativity towards other groups

Fletcher is the son of a teenage mother. His mother could not handle taking care of him and put him up for adoption when he was 4 weeks old. Fletcher was adopted by a family that loves and cares for him. It is most likely that Fletcher will become a(n) _____ adult.

normal

An eminent social psychologist argues that Asch's participants often conformed to the confederates' responses because they sought the confederates' approval. Her colleague counters that it is also possible that the participants conformed because they wished to be correct about the lengths of the lines in the experiment. The eminent psychologist is suggesting that Asch's conformity is an example of _____ social influence.

normative

Robert has the potential to be an honor student but frustrates his teachers because of his actions. Rather than work to succeed, he tends to "dummy down" to act more like his friends. He has at times answered questions incorrectly in class, on purpose, to be more like his peer group. Robert's behavior is an example of _____.

normative social influence

Phyllis is at a restaurant having lunch with her son, his wife, and their teenage daughter. They have been served at this restaurant by the same waitress twice before. Phyllis is _____ likely to remember the waitress' name before her other family members.

not

In the biopsychosocial model, good _____ has a biological influence for successful aging.

nutrition

Joshua has three older brothers. According to research on fraternal birth order effect, Joshua is _____ more likely to be gay than Dan, who has two older brothers.

one-third

A male has a(n) XY combination in the _____ pair of chromosomes.

23

A public initiation into adult responsibilities and status is called a _____ of passage.

rite

Some people who score below average on intelligence tests have an "island of brilliance", which refers to some incredible ability, such as heightened musical memory. This condition is known as _____.

savant syndrome

After the attacks on the United States in 2001, some Americans boycotted Arab-American stores and lashed out at any Middle-Eastern person they saw. This behavior is best explained in terms of the _____ theory.

scapegoat

The importance of _____ was most clearly highlighted by Jean Piaget's cognitive development theory.

schemas

Andrew is starting to notice facial hair and hair under his arms. His voice also seems to be deepening. He is experiencing changes in his _____ sex characteristics.

secondary

Violet has noticed that her breasts are getting larger, and she will soon need to wear a bra. She is experiencing changes in her _____ sex characteristics.

secondary

Aggressive behavior has been linked with low levels of _____.

serotonin

Naseem is a star basketball player on the high school team. He is very tall. He is also very popular with both boys and girls. Naseem is more likely to experiment with _____.

sex

The culturally preferred timing of events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement is known as the _____ clock.

social

A _____ occurs when each person pursues his or her own self-interest but becomes caught in mutually destructive behavior.

social trap

ith respect to the topic of prejudice, discrimination is to behavior as ____ is to belief.

stereotype

Similarity sparks attraction- true or false?

true

The excitement that lingers after a frightening event can often facilitate passionate love. This is best explained by the _____.

two-factor theory

Sheila used telegraphic speech and says things like "me go," "mama bye," and "dada go." She is in the _____ stage.

two-word

Noam Chomsky argued that all human languages have the same grammatical building blocks, such as nouns and verbs, subjects and objects, and negations and questions. Because of this _____ grammar, people readily learn the specific grammar of whatever language they experience.

universal

From an evolutionary perspective, it is very _____ that a woman would advertise her maturity and affluence in the personal ads of an American newspaper?

unlikely

Professor Ricchio hands out an exam that is supposed to be on Chapters 11 and 12. The class is shocked to see that the exam is covering Chapters 13 and 14 instead. The exam clearly lacks _____ if it is intended to measure Chapters 11 and 12.

validity

_____ love is an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship.

passionate

In Jean Piaget's account of the sensorimotor stage, children acquire a sense of object _____.

permanence

Compared with males, females are more likely to base their sense of _____ on their social relationships.

personal identity

According to Lawrence Kohlberg, those who develop an abstract level of reasoning wherein they perceive basic ethical principles and the moral good as more important than their own self have developed what is known as _____ morality.

postconventional

Homophobia is a negative, unjustifiable attitude toward gays and lesbians. Defined in this way, homophobia is an example of _____.

prejudice

Tony went to see his doctor because he reaches orgasms quickly. Tony was diagnosed with _____.

premature ejaculation

In addition to sexual orientation, the text notes several other traits where homosexuals differ from heterosexuals. These are used as evidence of _____ influences on sexual orientation.

prenatal

The idea that some women invite or enjoy rape and get "swept away" while being "taken" is held by many rapists. It is a false belief known as the _____.

rape myth

In-group bias

-we favor our own group -prejudice

According to _____, those who develop an abstract level of reasoning wherein they perceive basic ethical principles and the moral good as more important than their own self have developed what is known as postconventional morality.

Kohlberg

_____ placed 22 Oklahoma City boys in two separate areas of an area known as Robbers Cave. He then put the two groups through a series of competitive activities, with prizes going to the victors. Before long, each group became intensely proud of itself and hostile to the other group.

Muzafer Sherif

Your married friend Gwen is quite upset. She asks you why she, rather than her husband, is always the one who cooks, cleans, and takes care of the children the majority of the time. You tell her all of the following EXCEPT that: a. employed women have more time to devote to taking care of the children. b. in the United States, gender roles still assign these tasks to women. c. employed American men spend at least an hour less on unpaid housework. d. 90 percent of the time, the mother stays home with the children when they are sick.

a. employed women have more time to devote to taking care of the children.

A lesion in this part of the brain would MOST likely result in a disruption of speech production. a. hypothalamus b. amygdala c. Broca's area d. Wernicke's area

c. Broca's area

Emotional intelligence is NOT characterized by: a. managing one's own emotions. b. understanding one's own emotions. c. intense emotional display. d. recognizing the emotions of others.

c. intense emotional display.

Teens who smoke typically have friends who smoke. To avoid overestimating the impact of peer pressure on teens' smoking habits, it would make the most sense to consider the impact of: a. temperament on physical health. b. personal space on connectedness. c. smoking preferences on friendship choices. d. natural selection on gender typing.

c. smoking preferences on friendship choices.

What accountants call cost-benefit analysis and what philosophers term utilitarianism is the same idea as social psychologists': a. bystander effect. b. reciprocity norm. c. social exchange theory. d. social-responsibility norm

c. social exchange theory.

During adolescence, according to Jean Piaget, most individuals achieve the ____ operations stage of intellectual development.

formal

he first modern test of intelligence was developed in _____.

france

Lindy is a cheerleader. She has been hanging around with the same group of very popular friends for the last two years of high school. It is a month before senior prom and she is asked by one boy from her social group with whom she is friends and another boy from her physics class whom she really likes but is not popular. Lindy will most likely go to the prom with her _____.

friend

Children start to gain control over their attention beginning in preschool. This control is related to a growth spurt in the _____ lobe.

frontal

Deficits in the functioning of the _____ are associated with aggression.

frontal lobes

Frustration-Aggression Principle

frustration--> anger --> aggression

Your grandmother is in her early eighties and is beginning to seem frail. Which of the following are you likely to notice about her abilities? a. Her hearing, distance perception, and sense of smell are diminishing. b. Her hearing and sight are diminishing, but her stamina and sense of smell remain strong. c. Her muscle strength is decreasing, but all of her sensory abilities seem to be going strong. d. Her visual sharpness is decreasing, but her stamina remains unchanged.

a. Her hearing, distance perception, and sense of smell are diminishing.

_____ result(s) from a person's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality. a. Informational social influence b. Normative social influence c. Situational attributions d. Dispositional attributions

a. Informational social influence

Babies should be put to sleep on their backs to prevent: a. SIDS. b. ADD. c. AIDS. d. FAS.

a. SIDS.

_____ is revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others. a. Self-disclosure b. Equity c. Passionate love d. Social exchange

a. Self-disclosure

_____ refers to the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language. a. Syntax b. Semantics c. Heuristics d. Insight

a. Syntax

This area controls language reception and is involved in language comprehension and expression. a. Wernicke's area b. Broca's area c. phonemes d. morphemes

a. Wernicke's area

Benjamin Whorf's linguistic determination hypothesis states that: a. a person's specific language shapes his or her thinking. b. language is primarily a learned ability. c. language is partially an innate ability. d. the size of a person's vocabulary reflects his or her intelligence.

a. a person's specific language shapes his or her thinking.

When a child adapts his current understandings to incorporate his new experience, this is known as: a. accommodation. b. conservation. c. assimilation. d. cognition.

a. accommodation.

Marci suggests that the aggressiveness of her sister's new friend is the result of that friend's abuse during childhood. Marci's inference about the cause of the behavior of her sister's friend is an example of: a. an attribution. b. prejudice. c. deindividuation. d. altruism.

a. an attribution.

According to Sternberg, _____ is assessed by intelligence tests, which present well-defined problems having a single right answer. a. analytical intelligence b. fluid intelligence c. emotional intelligence d. practical intelligence

a. analytical intelligence

According to Sternberg, _____ is assessed by intelligence tests, which present well-defined problems having a single right answer. a. analytical intelligence b. practical intelligence c. fluid intelligence d. emotional intelligence

a. analytical intelligence

Impaired use of language is called: a. aphasia. b. linguistic determinism. c. heuristics. d. intuition.

a. aphasia.

The _____ areas of the cortex are the last brain areas to develop. a. association b. frontal c. motor d. occipital

a. association

The _____ occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts, while the _____ occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker's attractiveness. a. central route to persuasion; peripheral route to persuasion b. peripheral route to persuasion; central route to persuasion c. hindsight bias; confirmation bias d. confirmation bias; hindsight bias

a. central route to persuasion; peripheral route to persuasion

When people experience an unpleasant state of psychological tension resulting from two inconsistent thoughts or perceptions, they are said to be experiencing: a. cognitive dissonance. b. the actor-observer discrepancy. c. normative social influence. d. diffusion of responsibility.

a. cognitive dissonance.

Compared to women, men are more likely to: a. commit suicide. b. suffer from depression. c. smell faint odors. d. develop an eating disorder.

a. commit suicide.

According to Sternberg, _____ is demonstrated in reacting adaptively to novel situations and generating novel ideas. a. creative intelligence b. analytical intelligence c. practical intelligence d. general intelligence

a. creative intelligence

Which is a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test? a. factor analysis b. availability heuristic c. standard deviation d. confirmation bias

a. factor analysis

One's ability to reason speedily and abstractly is referred to as: a. fluid intelligence. b. crystallized intelligence. c. emotional intelligence. d. practical intelligence.

a. fluid intelligence.

"Teens are less guilty by reason of adolescence" because their: a. frontal lobes are not fully developed. b.growth spurts have been completed. c. myelin sheaths have finished growing. d. neurons are still not pruned.

a. frontal lobes are not fully developed.

Because 14-year-old George believes that crying is a feminine trait, he has difficulty admitting that a movie makes him tearful. His experience best illustrates dynamics highlighted by: a. gender schema theory. b. social learning theory. c. behavior genetics. d. evolutionary psychology.

a. gender schema theory.

Kelly is a Republican and Carlos is a Democrat. Both believe that the members of their own political party are more fair-minded and trustworthy than members of any other party. This belief best illustrates: a. ingroup bias. b. the just-world phenomenon. c. the social responsibility norm. d. deindividuation.

a. ingroup bias.

IQ is simply a person's _____ divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100 to eliminate the decimal point. a. mental age b. aptitude test c. analytical intelligence d. crystallized intelligence

a. mental age

IQ is simply a person's _____ divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100 to eliminate the decimal point. a. mental age b. aptitude test c. crystallized intelligence d. analytical intelligence

a. mental age

For older people, which of these is easiest to remember? a. names b. skills c. verbal recall d. unimportant events

b. skills

Social loafing refers to the: a. tendency for people to exert more effort when working in groups than when working alone. b. tendency for people to exert less effort when working in groups than when working alone. c. social norm that obligates the general public to help those who may not be completely able to help themselves (e.g., children and the elderly). d. tendency to spend more time being productive when in the company of one's peers

a. tendency for people to exert more effort when working in groups than when working alone.

If you ask how much people like various letters of the alphabet, they tend to prefer the letters found in their own names. This best illustrates the impact of: a. the mere exposure effect. b. cognitive dissonance. c. social facilitation. d. the fundamental attribution error.

a. the mere exposure effect.

When buying groceries, many shoppers prefer certain products simply because they have a familiar brand name. This preference best illustrates the importance of: a. the mere exposure effect. b. deindividuation. c. social facilitation. d. mirror-image perceptions.

a. the mere exposure effect.

Those perceived as different or apart from one's ingroup are referred to as: a. the outgroup. b. a social trap. c. groupthinkers. d. the just-world people.

a. the outgroup.

During which phase of the sexual response cycle does the refractory period begin? a. the resolution phase b. the plateau phase c. the excitement phase d. orgasm

a. the resolution phase

Diffusion of responsibility is most likely to occur: a. when someone is witnessing an emergency and there are several other bystanders present. b. in memory studies in which bystanders did not remember as much about an emergency as the individual who was the victim. c. in an emergency involving racial minorities where there are a large number of bystanders present. d. when someone is witnessing an emergency and no one else is present.

a. when someone is witnessing an emergency and there are several other bystanders present.

Childhood is to adolescence as concrete images are to _____ ideas.

abstract

During _____, most individuals achieve Jean Piaget's intellectual stage of formal operations.

adolescence

You have a limited budget for your research, so you need to focus on a small sample of individuals who are most likely to develop alcoholism and antisocial personality disorder. Given what is known about gender differences, you should focus on a sample made up of a group of _____.

adult males

Both Jennifer and Tony experienced traumatic head injuries. While Jennifer finds it difficult understand others, Tony is able to understand what others are saying. However, he finds it difficult to speak even though there is nothing wrong with the muscles that control his speech. Both Jennifer and Tony are suffering from _____.

aphasia

Prejudice is an _________

attitude

Lana suggests that the aggressiveness of her sister's new friend is the result of that friend's abuse during childhood. Lana's inference about the cause of the behavior of her sister's friend is an example of a(n) _____.

attribution

Compared to children with _____ parents, children of authoritative parents may be more likely to develop a sense of self-reliance and more likely to demonstrate social competence.

authoritarian

Fifteen-year-old George is experiencing an increase in the hormone _____, which causes his sexual arousal to _____. a. estrogen; increase b. testosterone; increase c. testosterone; decrease d. estrogen; decrease

b. testosterone; increase

The English language has about _____ phonemes. a. 100 b. 40 c. 26 d. 66

b. 40

The word "chimps" contains _____ phoneme(s) and _____ morpheme(s). a. 6; 1 b. 5; 2 c. 1; 6 d. 2; 5

b. 5; 2

According to some research, which age group reports the highest level of life satisfaction? a. 25-34 years b. 65+ years c. 45-54 years d. 55-64 years

b. 65+ years

Shara is genetically female, but was exposed to excess testosterone during prenatal development. As a young girl, she was often described as a "tomboy." She would dress and play in a way more typical of boys than girls. What is the MOST LIKELY reason for this? a. Though most people treated her like a girl, she rejected typical female gender roles. b. Her exposure to excess testosterone caused her to act more like a boy. c. She thought she was a boy. d. Her gender schema caused her to act more like a boy.

b. Her exposure to excess testosterone caused her to act more like a boy.

Fausto is 17. He does not drink or use drugs, but he likes to participate in reckless behavior when he is behind the wheel of a car. What behavior would one most likely expect when Fausto is 23? a. He will replace reckless driving with drinking. b. His driving will become less reckless as he gets older. c. He will replace reckless driving with drug use. d. His driving will become more reckless as he gets older.

b. His driving will become less reckless as he gets older.

The widely used American revision of Alfred Binet's original intelligence test was developed by: a. Robert Sternberg. b. Lewis Terman. c. Leland Stanford. d. Charles Spearman.

b. Lewis Terman.

Which statement is taken as evidence that thinking affects language? a. The Piraha have difficulty conceptualizing numbers greater than 2. b. New words and new combinations of old words are used to express new ideas. c. Russians, who have distinct terms with which to categorize various shades of blue, are better able to distinguish between its various shades. d. Some languages have fewer color terms than others.

b. New words and new combinations of old words are used to express new ideas.

The Stanford Prison Experiment consisted of male college students who volunteered to participate in the simulation of a prison. Half of the students became guards, and the other half became prisoners. What is the name of the psychologist who had to call off the study after only six days because of the degrading behaviors displayed by the guards and the way the prisoners became passive, broke down, or rebelled? a. Stanley Milgram b. Philip Zimbardo c. Leon Festinger d. Solomon Asch

b. Philip Zimbardo

Megan is 13. Until she reached puberty she was a calm girl. Her 11-year-old sister borrowed a shirt without asking. Based upon her age, which response mirrors Megan's expected behavior? a. She shyly asks for her sister to return the shirt. b. She screams, slams the door and turns up her music. c. She asks her sister to borrow the shirt like it belongs to her sister. d. She decides to let her sister keep the shirt since she likes it so much.

b. She screams, slams the door and turns up her music.

Paula is 15. She does not drink or use drugs, but she participates in risky behavior as it relates to sexual promiscuity. What behavior would one most likely expect when Paula is 24? a. She will replace her promiscuity with drug use. b. She will become less promiscuous as she gets older. c. She will replace her promiscuity with drinking. d. She will become more promiscuous as she gets older.

b. She will become less promiscuous as she gets older.

According to research on factors that determine the likelihood that two people will become friends or form a romantic relationship, which of the following is more accurate? a. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. b. Similarity breeds content. c. Dissimilarity fosters disfavor. d. Absence makes the heart grow fonder.

b. Similarity breeds content.

His experiments on obedience at Yale University are some of the most famous psychological experiments of all time. a. Philip Zimbardo b. Stanley Milgram c. Solomon Asch d. Leon Festinger

b. Stanley Milgram

People often commit the fundamental attribution error, especially when they explain: a. the behavior of close friends. b. the behavior of strangers who have been observed in only one type of situation. c. why someone's attitude is ever-changing. d. animal pack behavior.

b. the behavior of strangers who have been observed in only one type of situation.

"Aggression is just human nature." How might you evaluate this statement in light of the evidence presented in your textbook? a. This statement is largely incorrect. Aggression stems almost entirely from sociocultural processes. b. This statement is only half right. Aggression's roots are not only biological, but also sociocultural. c. The statement is essentially correct. Aggression is overwhelmingly a genetic, biochemical, and physiological phenomenon. d. It impossible to say whether this statement is correct. To date, psychology's scientific understanding remains poor.

b. This statement is only half right. Aggression's roots are not only biological, but also sociocultural.

Charles Spearman expressed the belief that intelligence was BEST characterized as: a. one specific ability. b. a general ability. c. multiple specific abilities. d. the ability to do well in school.

b. a general ability.

An inability to speak or understand language is known as: a. apraxia. b. aphasia. c. agnosia. d. dyspraxia.

b. aphasia.

Compared to those who speak only one language, bilinguals are better able to inhibit their _____ irrelevant stimuli. a. perception of b. attention to c. cognition towards d. memory for

b. attention to

Bridget is the daughter of a teenage mother. Her mother could not handle taking care of her and put her up for adoption when she was 4 weeks old. Bridget was adopted by a family that loves and cares for her. It is most likely that Bridget will: a. have anxiety and lower intelligence. b. become a normal adult with average intelligence. c. become an abusive parent with aggressive tendencies. d. have a great drive to succeed, but avoid attachments.

b. become a normal adult with average intelligence.

David is 13 years old and is always telling his mother that she should not drive too fast and make a complete stop at the light in order to avoid getting a ticket. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates _____ morality. a. postconventional b. conventional c. unconventional d. preconventional

b. conventional

In his business meetings, Mark is very inclusive of his colleagues and welcomes their opinions, listening intently when they are speaking. This is behavior is somewhat unusual, because men are usually more _____ than women. a. democratic b. directive c. welcoming d. interdependent

b. directive

Javier is 20 years old and still very much dependent on his parents. They are paying for his college tuition as well as his living expenses. He spends his school holidays at home with them. According to some researchers, he is in the phase of life known as: a. the formal operational stage. b. emerging adulthood. c. second childhood. d. adolescence.

b. emerging adulthood.

The social group to which a person belongs is called the _____, and the social group to which a person does not belong is called the _____. a. prosocial group; altruistic group b. ingroup; outgroup c. outgroup; ingroup d. active group; passive group

b. ingroup; outgroup

As adults, women take more pleasure in talking face to face, and they are more likely to use conversation to explore relationships. This is because women are typically more _____ than men. a. directive b. interdependent c. passive. d. competitive

b. interdependent

According to Erikson, failure to achieve intimacy leads to: a. confusion. b. isolation. c. guilt. d. despair.

b. isolation.

Danielle is 37 and Meg is 23. They each had a night of unprotected sex with a man. Danielle should be _____ concerned about this single act resulting in pregnancy because her fertility is _____ than Meg's. a. more; lower b. less; lower c. more; higher d. less; higher

b. less; lower

Dr. Greco is conducting a study with military veterans from the Vietnam and Gulf Wars. He plans to evaluate them every year for 10 years to see if those with PTSD have a more pronounced decline in mental abilities and overall memory. This is a(n) _____ study. a. experimental b. longitudinal c. cross-sectional d. chronological

b. longitudinal

The more sexual content adolescents view, the: a. less likely they are to become sexually active. b. more likely they are to perceive their peers as sexually active. c. less likely they are to perceive their peers as sexually active. d. more likely they are to seek out birth control.

b. more likely they are to perceive their peers as sexually active.

Whatever the language, when children begin to speak, they tend to use mostly: a. verbs. b. nouns. c. adjectives. d. adverbs.

b. nouns.

For most adolescents, the most important people in their lives are their: a. parents. b. peers. c. teachers. d. siblings.

b. peers.

In research described in your text, Larrick et al. (2011) found that the probability of an MLB batter being hit by a pitcher is ____ correlated with temperature and ______ correlated with the number of the batter's teammates who have also been hit. a. not; not b. positively; positively c. positively; not d. not; positively

b. positively; positively

Some people who score below average on intelligence tests have an "island of brilliance", which refers to some incredible ability, such as heightened musical memory. This condition is known as: a. aphasia. b. savant syndrome. c. split brain syndrome. d. Down syndrome.

b. savant syndrome.

The _____ theory proposes that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame. a. attribution b. scapegoat c. social exchange d. cognitive dissonance

b. scapegoat

The mental files for how to act, called social scripts, are similar to the mental molds for experience that Piaget termed: a. frameworks. b. schemas. c. operations. d. scaffolds.

b. schemas.

Female breasts are to _____ as male testes are to _____. a. primary sex characteristics; secondary sex characteristics b. secondary sex characteristics; primary sex characteristics c. menopause; menarche d. menarche; menopause

b. secondary sex characteristics; primary sex characteristics

John is a star basketball player on the high school team. He is very tall. He is also very popular with both boys and girls. John is more likely to be: a. self-conscious. b. sexually active. c. dependent on friends for advice. d. an honor student.

b. sexually active

According to contemporary newspaper accounts, in 1964, Kitty Genovese was brutally stabbed to death in front of her apartment building. It took the assailant approximately 30 minutes to kill Genovese. Police reports showed that although 38 neighbors witnessed the event, no one helped or called the police. According to your knowledge of social psychology, this incident can be best explained by: a. social facilitation. b. the bystander effect. c. the just-world phenomenon. d. social exchange theory.

b. the bystander effect.

You are trying to convince your parents to send you to Europe. First, you ask them for a small favor (a bus ticket to a local city), hoping that later they will be more willing to send you on the longer trip. This technique is known as: a. cognitive dissonance. b. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. c. the fundamental attribution error. d. motivated forgetting.

b. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

Mary lives alone and is becoming forgetful. Which of these will she most probably forget? a. to take her trash out every Thursday night b. to take her medicine at 6 am, 2 pm, and 10 pm c. an appointment at the dentist appointment d. that she is out of milk after seeing a milk commercial

b. to take her medicine at 6 am, 2 pm, and 10 pm

Robert Sternberg's theory is known as the: a. quadratic theory. b. triarchic theory. c. five-intelligences theory. d. six-factor theory.

b. triarchic theory.

In 1874, Carl Wernicke discovered that damage to a specific area of the left temporal lobe limited a person's ability to: a. speak. b. understand. c. organize. d. read.

b. understand.

According to social psychologist Irving Janis, the problems associated with groupthink can be avoided by both businesses and government in decision-making: a. when leaders discourage dissent. b. when leaders invite various opinions and listen to others' critiques. c. when leaders emphasize loyalty. d. when all decisions are based on consensus with little discussion.

b. when leaders invite various opinions and listen to others' critiques.

Keith's grandmother was a heavy drinker in her youth and during middle age. Keith moved in with his grandmother recently and he is NOT concerned: a. if she has trouble communicating. b. with the amount of time she spends talking on the phone. c. with changes in her behavior. d. if she remembers to pay her bills.

b. with the amount of time she spends talking on the phone.

The first stage of speech development is the _____ stage.

babbling

Minimal communication about _____ is a factor that is related to higher rates of teen pregnancy

birth control

According to researcher Simon LeVay, it is likely that _____ anatomy influences sexual orientation.

brain

Upon what assumption did Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon base their concept of "mental age"? a. The intelligence quotient of any individual can be calculated by comparing their perceptual speed with their problem-solving skills. b. Children enter the school system with roughly equal levels of intelligence and the school environment either assists or stunts further intellectual growth. c. "Dull" children should perform as well as younger children on the tests and "bright" children should perform as well as older children. d. The concept of natural selection determines intelligence, because smarter biological parents produce smarter offspring.

c. "Dull" children should perform as well as younger children on the tests and "bright" children should perform as well as older children.

Which of the following psychologists began a series of studies in the 1960s investigating the factors involved in determining whether a person will help a stranger? a. Stanley Milgram and Diana Baumrind b. Solomon Asch and Stanley Milgram c. Bibb Latan and John Darley d. Muzafer Sherif and Solomon Asch

c. Bibb Latan and John Darley

_____ skills include language, literacy, and concepts of money, time, and numbers. a. Creative b. Practical c. Conceptual d. Social

c. Conceptual

Initiating one or more small conciliatory acts which opens the door to a reciprocal response is a central feature of: a. the just-world phenomenon. b. social facilitation. c. GRIT (Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction). d. the mere exposure effect.

c. GRIT (Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction).

_____ refers to a condition of limited mental ability, which is indicated by an intelligence test score at or below _____, as well as difficulty adapting to the normal demands of independent living. a. Down syndrome; 85 b. Intellectual disability; 85 c. Intellectual disability; 70 d. Down syndrome; 70

c. Intellectual disability; 70

_____ refers to the set of rules by which people derive meaning from sounds in a given language. a. Phoneme b. Concept c. Semantics d. Syntax

c. Semantics

The American revision of Alfred Binet's original intelligence test was called the: a. Wisconsin-Binet. b. Harvard-Binet. c. Stanford-Binet. d. Terman-Binet.

c. Stanford-Binet.

Tabitha is 15 months old. She is a happy baby, but she cries each time she meets someone new. When this happens, her parents calmly sooth her and continue with their interactions. Why aren't Tabitha's parents bothered by behavior? a. Egocentrism is a normal phenomenon in her development. b. Pretend play is a normal phenomenon in her development. c. Stranger anxiety is a normal phenomenon in her development. d. Object permanence is a normal phenomenon in her development.

c. Stranger anxiety is a normal phenomenon in her development.

If newborns have all their brain cells at birth, why can't they talk immediately? a. The pruning process needs to occur first. b. The maturation process is not established yet. c. Their nervous systems are not connected enough. d. Their motor systems don't function yet.

c. Their nervous systems are not connected enough.

Which of the following statements best describes a young teenagers' thinking? a. They can take another person's perspective. b. They are able to empathize with others. c. They imagine what others are thinking about them. d. They think logically about concrete events.

c. They imagine what others are thinking about them.

The _____ is the MOST widely used intelligence test for adults. It includes subtests for verbal comprehension and processing speed. a. Binet Intelligence Test (BIT) b. WISC c. WAIS d. SAT

c. WAIS

A female has a(n) _____ combination in the _____. a. XY; 1st pair of chromosomes b. XX; 1st pair of genes c. XX; 23rd pair of chromosomes d. XY; 23rd pair of chromosomes

c. XX; 23rd pair of chromosomes

Conflict is a perceived incompatibility of: a. goals b. actions c. any of these d. ideas

c. any of these

Cynthia thinks that her new neighbor is mean and snobbish. This _____ will likely influence Cynthia to act negatively toward her neighbor. a. cognitive dissonance b. situational attribution c. attitude d. confirmation bias

c. attitude

Deficient social interaction and an impaired understanding of another person's state of mind are most characteristic of: a. object permanence. b. egocentrism. c. autism spectrum disorder. d. stranger anxiety

c. autism spectrum disorder.

The vocal sounds NOT included in one's native language first begin to disappear from an infant's usage toward the END of the _____ stage. a. telegraphic b. one-word c. babbling d. two-word

c. babbling

Revealing intimate details of oneself to others is termed self-_____. a. efficacy b. expression c. disclosure d. actualization

c. disclosure

Although Natalie receives slightly greater rewards from her marriage than her husband, both are satisfied with the relationship because they each benefit in proportion to what they put into it. This best illustrates the significance of: a. the mere exposure effect. b. deindividuation. c. equity. d. social facilitation.

c. equity.

People who score very high on emotional intelligence scales are likely to: a. like many people, and to be liked by many more. b. do well academically. c. experience high-quality interactions with friends. d. be both religious and mystical in their orientation.

c. experience high-quality interactions with friends.

"Teens are less guilty by reason of adolescence" because their: a. growth spurts have been completed. b. neurons are still not pruned. c. frontal lobes are not fully developed. d. myelin sheaths have finished growing.

c. frontal lobes are not fully developed.

According to the fraternal birth-order effect, men who have _____ are more likely than others to be homosexual. a. younger sisters b. younger brothers c. older brothers d. older sisters

c. older brothers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that is correlated with higher rates of teen pregnancy? a. guilt related to sexual activity b. minimal communication about birth control c. peer pressure to abstain from sexual activities d. alcohol use

c. peer pressure to abstain from sexual activities

According to your textbook, animals that have successfully fought to get food or mates may become increasingly aggressive. With respect to the four main types of consequences central to operant conditioning, these children's aggression is maintained by: a. negative punishment. b. negative reinforcement. c. positive reinforcement. d. positive punishment.

c. positive reinforcement.

Studies imply that people exhibit heightened levels of prejudice when they are economically frustrated. This offers support for the: a. social exchange theory. b. cognitive dissonance theory. c. scapegoat theory. d. attribution theory.

c. scapegoat theory.

Aggression is associated with low levels of which neurotransmitter? a. endorphins b. dopamine c. serotonin d. norepinephrine

c. serotonin

You decide that your free time over the weekend is not as important as the good feelings and joy of giving back to the community so you decide to volunteer at the Special Olympics. This illustrates the: a. bystander effect. b. fundamental attribution error. c. social exchange theory. d. mere exposure effect.

c. social exchange theory.

Nine-year-old Jared has one very good friend. The two boys spend a great deal of time playing one-on-one basketball, and often can be heard talking to each other about a wide range of personal topics. Compared to other boys his age, Jared is: a. not unusual, because most boys his age often play with one friend. b. somewhat unusual, because most boys his age typically play with girls in small groups. c. somewhat unusual, because most boys his age typically play in large groups and do not engage in intimate discussion. d. not unusual, because most boys his age often do not play competitively.

c. somewhat unusual, because most boys his age typically play in large groups and do not engage in intimate discussion.

Julia was born in France. For the first 3 years of her life, she spoke both French and English. Then she moved to the United States. From age 3 on, she only spoke English. Now, as a high school student, Julia will study French. It is most likely that she will: a. speak English with a French accent. b. have an easy time learning French. c. speak with a genuine French accent. d. remember all the French she learned as a baby.

c. speak with a genuine French accent.

You decide to make a positive change in your life. Instead of going to work with a frown on your face, you will force yourself to smile when you walk out the door. According to _____, by altering your behavior you stand a good chance of changing your attitude. a. the hindsight bias b. place theory c. the attitudes-follow-behavior principle d. the foot-in-the-door phenomenon

c. the attitudes-follow-behavior principle

In the Solomon Asch conformity experiments, researchers found that a person was more likely to conform to a group when: a. threatened with electric shock. b. given attention for conforming. c. the group was unanimous. d. materially rewarded for conforming.

c. the group was unanimous.

Most people with savant syndrome typically score low on most indexes of intelligence but score very high in one or two areas. This suggests that: a. there is a global intelligence factor in contrast to the idea that there are multiple intelligences. b. intelligence is a reflection of how it is measured; it is not a trait. c. there are multiple intelligences in contrast to the idea that there is a global intelligence factor. d. some people are more intelligent than others.

c. there are multiple intelligences in contrast to the idea that there is a global intelligence factor.

Mark, a toddler of 2 years of age, is starting to put nouns and verbs together for the first time. Mark is in the _____ stage. a. one-word b. receptive language c. two-word d. productive language

c. two-word

Irv bought a new calculator for $125. One week later, he saw an ad from another store showing the same calculator on sale for $65. Irv said, "I'm still glad I got my calculator; the cheaper ones are probably defective. I don't mind having paid more for mine." Irv's statement reflects _____ reduction.

cognitive dissonance

You have very strong opinions about the tuition increase. However, once you are the student representative for the College Board, you develop a more favorable attitude about the tuition increase. The theory that best explains this attitude change is _____.

cognitive dissonance theory

An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another is to passionate love; as deep affectionate attachment is to _____ love.

companionate

Social psychologists believe that passionate love is particularly strong during the early stages of a relationship, and that _____ increases in the later stages.

companionate love

Bill, a young man with an IQ of 65, has relatively good interpersonal skills and is able take care of his own personal grooming needs. However, he has difficulty with reading and counting money. If he is to live independently, Bill would probably have MOST difficulty with _____ skills.

conceptual

A(n) _____ is a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas.

conflict

Bettina would like to attend law school and start a new career in a nearby city. Her partner, though, wishes to continue living in the country, running their small farm. Because their plans seem at odds, Bettina and her partner might experience ________.

conflict

Five-year-old Aldo complained to his mom that the pizza was not big enough. Aldo's mom cut the pizza into smaller slices, thus making Aldo happy, as he believed the pizza had become larger. Aldo lacks the concept of _____.

conservation

In his business meetings, Vik is very inclusive of his colleagues and welcomes their opinions, listening intently when they are speaking. This is behavior is somewhat unusual, because men are usually more _____ than women.

directive

Actions towards a certain group displays _______

discrimination

With respect to the topic of prejudice, _____ is to behavior as prejudice is to attitude.

discrimination

Some psychologists suggest that older men in many cultures tend to marry women younger than themselves because men are genetically predisposed to seek female features associated with _____.

fertility

According to Erik Erikson, older adults can most effectively cope with the prospect of their own death if they have achieved a sense of _____.

integrity

According to Erik Erikson, one positive outcome of the struggle for identity is a comfortable sense of who one is and a developing capacity for _____ with others.

intimacy

Lindsay has a job, a cat named Jake, and 31 candles on her birthday cake. She is worried about finding the "right man." She frequently spends nights alone and knows she is not getting any younger. According to Erik Erikson, Lindsay is in the stage of development called intimacy vs. _____.

isolation

Barry has just moved into a new neighborhood. This new neighborhood is full of drug addicts living in rundown houses in horrible condition. He often sees them struggling to find food on the street and shivering through the cold winter. When his friend asks him if he feels badly seeing these people suffer, Barry replies, "Good people don't end up that way, so I don't feel bad for them." His attitude best illustrates the _____.

just-world phenomenon

_____ refers to a verbal or signed expression of complex grammar.

language

Research studies that retest the same group of people throughout their lives are known as _____ studies.

longitudinal

When he was very young, William took an intelligence test as part of a research study. Decades later, William is asked if he would be willing to take another intelligence test in order to test the stability of intelligence. By agreeing to take another intelligence test, William is engaging in a(n) _____ study.

longitudinal

A predominantly Christian nation sees the inhabitants of an Islamic nation as savages. The Islamic nation brands the Christian society as infidels. These mutual views reflect ______.

mirror-image perceptions

Compared to men, women are about 10 times _____ likely to have for eating disorders.

more

Dorothy is at a restaurant having lunch with her son, his wife, and their teenage daughter. They have been served at this restaurant by the same waitress twice before. The teenager is _____ likely to remember the waitress' name before her other family members.

more

Typically, when compared to women, men fantasize about sex _____ often, more physically, and less romantically.

more

Typically, when compared to women, men fantasize about sex more often, _____ physically, and less romantically.

more

Research has shown that among American couples that live _____ before marriage, there are higher rates of divorce.

together