A&P 1: Test 2

functions of integumentary system

1.Regulates body temperature. 2.Stores blood. 3.Protects body from external environment. 4.Detects cutaneous sensations. 5.Excretes and absorbs substances. 6.Synthesizes vitamin D.

Epidermal ridges are only found in thick skin. A. True B. False

A. True

Melanocytes are found in mucous membranes. A. True B. False

A. True

The relative thickness of skin is a response to mechanical stress. A.True B. False

A. True

The dermis houses an extensive network of blood vessels. As a result the skin can function A. as a blood reservoir. B. in protection. C. as an excretory structure. D. in the synthesis of vitamins.

A. as a blood reservoir.

Prior to adulthood hyaline cartilage remains between the diaphysis and epiphysis as the A. epiphyseal plate B. marrow cavity C. articular cartilage D. epiphyseal line

A. epiphyseal plate

Which of the following bone cells help regulate blood calcium levels? Select all that apply. A. osteoclasts B. osteoblasts C. osteogenic cells D. osteocytes

A. osteoclasts B. osteoblasts

Compact bone tissue is found_________________. Select all that apply. A. overlying spongy bone tissue B. beneath the periosteum C. primarily in the axial skeleton D. primarily in irregularly-shaped bones E. in the bulk of the diaphyses of long bones

A. overlying spongy bone tissue B. beneath the periosteum E. in the bulk of the diaphyses of long bones

Which of the following serves as a storage depot for fat? Select all that apply. A. subcutaneous layer B. epidermis C. dermis D. hypodermis

A. subcutaneous layer & D. hypodermis

The skin of individuals with albinism lacks melanocytes. A. True B. False

B. False

_________ are formed from the fusion of monocytes. A. Osteoblasts B. Osteoclasts C. Osteocytes D. Osteogenic cell

B. Osteoclasts

"Goose bumps" are caused by the action of which structure? A. hair root plexus B. arrector pili C. hair matrix D. external root sheath

B. arrector pili

The outer fibrous layer of the periosteum is composed of A. reticular connective tissue B. dense irregular connective tissue C. dense regular connective tissue D. loose irregular connective tissue

B. dense irregular connective tissue

The thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity is the A. yellow bone marrow B. endosteum C. periosteum D. epiphyseal line

B. endosteum

The hair shaft is an outgrowth of the A. dermis B. epidermis C. hypodermis D. subcutaneous tissue

B. epidermis

The thinnest layer of the skin is the _________. A. dermis B. epidermis C. hypodermis D. subcutaneous layer

B. epidermis

The ____________ is responsible for the lengthwise growth of long bones. A. epiphyseal line B. epiphyseal plate C. marrow cavity D. articular cartilage

B. epiphyseal plate

During intramembranous ossification, mesenchyme cells condense at the periphery of the bone and develop into the A. endosteum B. periosteum C. perichondrium D. cartilage model

B. periosteum

The tough connective tissue sheath that surrounds the bone surface where it is not covered by articular cartilage is the A. epiphysis B. periosteum C. perichondrium D. endosteum

B. periosteum

Blood vessels are especially abundant in the portion of the bone containing A. osteogenic cells B. red bone marrow C. yellow bone marrow D. osteoclast

B. red bone marrow

Which of the following is(are) present only in thin skin? Select all that apply. A. stratum lucidum B. sebaceous glands C. arrector pili muscles D. hair follicles E. epidermal ridges

B. sebaceous glands C. arrector pili muscles D. hair follicles

Which epidermal layer is found only in thick skin? A. stratum spinosum B. stratum lucidum C. stratum basale D. stratum corneum E. stratum granulosum

B. stratum lucidum

In the embryo, the epidermis initially consists of a single layer of cells called the_____.

Basal layer

The deepest layer of the epidermis is the stratum _______. A. lucidum B. granulosum C. basale D. corneum E. spinosum

C. Basale

The hair shaft is an outgrowth of the A. subcutaneous tissue B. hypodermis C. epidermis D. dermis

C. epidermis

The epiphyseal plate in growing bones is located in the ________. A. periosteum B. diaphysis C. metaphysis D. epiphysis

C. metaphysis

All of the following structures are found in the trabeculae of spongy bone tissue EXCEPT A. central canals B. concentric lamellae C. canaliculi D. lacunae

Central canals

Prophase

Chromosomes become visable, nuclear envelop dissolves, spindle forms

integumentary system

Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nail. protecting the body and helping regulate body temperature. It also allows you to sense pleasurable, painful, and other stimuli in your external environment.

Which of the following is a skin condition that indicates the blood is inadequately oxygenated? A. albinism B. jaundice C. vitiligo D. cyanosis E. erythema

D. Cyanosis

Which of these is responsible for the growth of hair? A. hair root plexus B. external root sheath C. arrector pili D. hair matrix

D. hair matrix

The most abundant cells of the epidermis are _______ A. Merkel cells B. Langerhans cells C. Merkel discs D. keratinocytes E. melanocytes

D. keratinocytes

Which of the following guard against dehydration? Select all that apply. A. intraepidermal macrophages B. dermal blood vessels C. melanin D. lipids from lamellar granules E. acidic pH of perspiration

D. lipids from lamellar granules

The dermis is derived from which embryonic tissue? A. basoderm B. mesenchyme C. periderm D. mesoderm E. ectoderm

D. mesoderm

The ___________of a bone is/are rich in sensory nerves. A. diaphysis B. epiphyses C. metaphyses D. periosteum

D. periosteum

The synthesis of vitamin D in the skin requires A. calcitrol B. melanin C. calcium D. ultraviolet rays from the sun

D. ultraviolet rays from the sun

Which of these glands helps keep hair from drying and becoming brittle? A. mammary B. ceruminous C. apocrine D. eccrine E. sebaceous

E. sebaceous

Which of the following has the fewest number of layers of cells? A. stratum granulosum B. stratum spinosum C. stratum lucidum D. stratum corneum E. stratum basale

E. stratum basale

In which layer of the epidermis do the keratinocytes shrink and pull apart when prepared for microscopic observation? A. stratum corneum B. stratum lucidum C. stratum granulosum D. stratum basale E. stratum spinosum

E. stratum spinosum

Dermis

Inner layer of skin connective tissue vascular

The auditory ossicles and the _______ are the only movable bones of the skull

Mandible

Explain the origin of epidermal ridges.

The epidermal ridges are formed when the epidermis adapts to the contours of the dermal papillae that is underneath the epidermis

Telophase

The spindle apparatus disappears, and the two nuclei reform. Chromosomes unwind and reform chromatin

The spaces between the trabeculae in spongy bone are filled with _________________. Select all that apply. A. calcium hydroxide B. yellow bone marrow C. adipose tissue D. hydroxyapatite E. calcium phosphate F. red bone marrow

Yellow bone marrow, adipose tissue, & red bone marrow.

As bones break down, they release minerals such as which of the following? Select all that apply. A. copper B. sodium C. iron D. calcium E. phosphorus

calcium & phosphorus

Which of the following are substances that may be stored in bones? Select all that apply. A. glycogen B. calcium C. triglycerides D. copper

calcium & triglycerides

Which of the following is not a function of the skin? A. thermoregulation B. storage of blood C. synthesis of calcium D. protection from microbes E. protection from dehydration

correct Answer is C : synthesis of calcium

skin

cutaneous membrane

The ___________ of a bone is/are not rich in sensory nerves. A. diaphysis B. periosteum C. epiphyses D. metaphyses

diaphysis, epiphyses, & metaphyses

Cytokinesis

division of the cytoplasm, cleavage furrow constricts the cytoplasm into two daughter cells.

The epidermis is derived from the______.

ectoderm

Merkel cells

function as touch receptors in association with sensory nerve endings

Which of the following give protection against microbes? Select all that apply. A. keratin B. acidic pH of perspiration C. melanin D. lipids from lamellar granules E. Sebum

karatin, acidic pH of perspiration, & sebum.

Hypodermis

loose connective tissue layer of skin below the dermis. subcutaneous layer

Red bone marrow consists of ____________. Select all that apply. A. macrophages B. adipocytes C. chondroblasts D. fibroblasts E. developing blood cells F. osteocytes

macrophages, adipocytes, fibroblasts, & developing blood cells.

The dermis is derived from the______.

mesoderm

Another name for a nevus is a_________.

mole

Adult bones containing red bone marrow include the_________________. Select all that apply. A. ribs B. pelvic bones C. phalanges D. fibula E. vertebrae F. radius

ribs, pelvic bones, and vertebrae.

Metaphase

second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell

Epidermis

superficial, thinner portion, which is composed of epithelial tissue. Outer layer. avascular

Anaphase

the third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite poles