A&P 18/19
the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin.
A bruise appears as a greenish spot in the skin because
blood clot
A fibrin network that contains trapped blood cells and platelets is called a(n)
formed elements abundance.
A hematocrit provides information on
calcitonin
A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is
aldosterone.
A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion content of the body is
cortisol.
A hormone that promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver is
embolus
A moving blood clot is called a(n)
hypovolemic
A person who has a low blood volume is said to be
presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane.
A person's blood type is determined by the
fibrinogen.
A plasma protein essential for blood clotting is
bleeding
A sign of thrombocytopenia would be
hypercortisolism
A tumor in the pituitary gland could directly result in all of the following except
osteoporosis and kidney stones.
A tumor present on the parathyroid gland causing hyperparathyroidism may lead to
osteoclasts
Activity of which of the following cells is inhibited by calcitonin release?
leptin
Adipocytes produce a peptide hormone called ________ that acts on the hypothalamus
gene transcription is initiated.
After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex,
generating action potentials.
All of the following are functions of blood except
It is stored in the anterior pituitary
All of the following are true of oxytocin except?
E. are produced by the adrenal medulla.
All of the following are true of steroid hormones except that they A. bind to receptors within the cell. B. are derived from cholesterol. C. are lipids. D. are produced by reproductive glands. E. are produced by the adrenal medulla.
can act as an insulin synergist.
All of the following may be functions of melatonin except that it
red bone marrow
All the circulating red blood cells in an adult originate in the
glucagon; insulin
Alpha cells are to ________ as beta cells are to ________.
increased erythropoiesis.
An obstruction in blood flow to the kidneys would result in
Rh negative individuals who have been exposed to the D surface antigen.
Anti-D antibodies are present in the blood of
immunoglobulin
Antibodies are what type of plasma protein?
formed elements
Approximately 45 percent of blood volume is composed of the
plaques
Areas in a vessel wall where large quantities of lipid accumulate are called
serum
Blood that has clotting proteins removed is termed
target
Cells that respond to a hormone are called ________ cells.
epidermis of the integumentary system
Cholecalciferol is synthesized within the
glucocorticoids
Cushing's disease results from an excess of
aldosterone and ADH.
During dehydration the body would increase production of
liver and spleen
During fetal development the primary site(s) of red blood cell production is/are
iron
Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of
four iron atoms
Each hemoglobin molecule contains
testosterone
Each of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative except
D. is a component of the hypothalamus
Each of the following is true of the pineal gland except that it A. responds to light and darkness. B. is a component of the epithalamus. C. secretes melatonin. D. is a component of the hypothalamus. E. contains pinealocytes
destroying antibody-labeled antigens.
Eosinophils function in
blood flow to the kidney declines.
Erythropoiesis is stimulated when
released by the kidneys to stimulate red blood cell production.
Erythropoietin is a hormone
hemosiderin and ferritin
Excess iron is stored in the liver and spleen as
promote cortisol release.
Growth hormone does all of the following except
mineralocorticoids.
Hormones from the adrenal cortex that regulate electrolyte balance are
derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine.
Hormones known as "catecholamines" are
gonadotropins
Hormones produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that regulate the male and female reproductive organs are collectively called
Addison's disease
Hyposecretion of cortisol causes
red bone marrow
In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is the
O negative
In an emergency situation when you have no time to wait for cross-matched blood you could give a patient type ________ until the cross-match is available.
increase blood volume and maintain osmolarity.
In an emergency situation, a patient may be given plasma expanders while blood typing occurs. The plasma expanders are used to
Plasma antibodies and white blood cells defend against pathogens.
In what way does blood assist in immune function?
diabetes mellitus.
Inability of the pancreas to produce insulin results in
calcitonin; osteoclasts
Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to decreased levels of calcium ion in the blood via inhibition of ________.
has antibodies to B agglutinogens.
Jane has Type A blood; therefore, she
pineal gland
Melatonin is produced by the
catecholamines, peptide hormones, and eicosanoids
Membrane receptors are used by which of the following types of hormones?
hypothyroidism.
Mental and physical sluggishness and low body temperature may be signs of
hemoglobin
More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is
insulin receptor down-regulation
One cause for insulin resistance in non-insulin dependent (Type II) diabetes is
build up bone
Parathyroid hormone does all of the following except
they lack a functional intrinsic pathway.
People who suffer from hemophilia A fail to produce a functional Factor VIII; as a result,
their blood lacks A or B agglutinins
People with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because
composed of amino acids
Peptide hormones are
injections of vitamin B12
Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by
55; 92
Plasma composes about ________ percent of whole blood and water composes ________ percent of the plasma volume.
immunoglobulins.
Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the
cytoplasmic fragments of large cells.
Platelets are
megakaryocytes.
Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called
catecholamines
Receptors for ________, peptide hormones, and eicosanoids are found in the cell membranes of target cells.
erythropoietin.
Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone
aldosterone.
Reduction of fluid losses at the kidneys due to the retention of Na+ is the action of
hemorrhage.
Some rat poisons contain a toxin that blocks the liver's ability to utilize vitamin K. Animals that consume this poison would die of
bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells.
Steroid hormones
pernicious anemia.
Surgical removal of the stomach could cause
synthesis and release
TSH plays a key role in the ________ of thyroid hormones.
calcitonin
The C cells of the thyroid gland produce
catecholamines.
The adrenal medulla produces
epinephrine and norepinephrine
The adrenal medulla produces the hormones
adenohypophysis.
The anterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the
4 months
The average life span of a red blood cell is
insulin
The beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce
agglutination.
The clumping of red blood cells, when the specific antibody against the antigen on the cells is added, is called
thrombin
The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by the enzyme
a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal.
The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if
vascular spasm
The first step of hemostasis is
carry dissolved blood gases
The function of hemoglobin is to
process called hemostasis
The function of platelets is to assist in the
carry oxygen to the cells and then carry away carbon dioxide
The function of red blood cells is to
atrial natriuretic peptide
The heart secretes the hormone
MSH
The hormone produced by the pars intermedia of the adenohypophysis during early childhood is
leptin
The hormone related to appetite control is
parathyroid hormone
The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is
inhibin
The hormone that opposes the release of FSH in both males and females i
thyroxine.
The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is
oxytocin.
The hormone(s) that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is/are
endocrine
The hypothalamus acts as both a neural and a(n) ________ organ.
secreting releasing and inhibiting hormones into the hypophysealportal system.
The hypothalamus controls secretion in the adenohypophysis by
increased water conservation by kidneys.
The main action of antidiuretic hormone is
water
The most abundant component of plasma is
albumins
The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are
type O.
The most common blood type is
neutrophils
The most numerous WBCs in a differential count of a healthy individual are
neutrophils
The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the
insulin
The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is
increases the level of calcium ions in the blood.
The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that
coagulation
The phase of hemostasis that involved clotting of blood is called
sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
The pituitary gland is located within this structure.
ACTH
The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex is
FSH
The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is
LH
The pituitary hormone that promotes ovarian secretion of progesterone and testicular secretion of testosterone is
growth hormone.
The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is
prolactin
The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is
TSH
The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is
neurohypophysis
The posterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the
red bone marrow
The process of lymphopoiesis occurs mainly in the
erythropoiesis.
The process of red blood cell production is called
all cells of the body.
The specific target cells of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine are
polyuria
The term used to describe excess production of urine is
follicles
The thyroid gland is composed of many ________ that produce and store thyroid hormone.
isthmus
The two lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by the
glucocorticoids.
The zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex produces
mineralocorticoids.
The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex produces
androgens.
The zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex produces
tyrosine
Thyroid hormones are structural derivatives of the amino acid
thyroid gland
Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the
can usually be controlled by diet and exercise rather than with medication.
Type 2 diabetes
anti-B
Type A blood has ________ antibodies in the blood plasma.
RBCs have both the A & B surface antigens and no ABO plasma antibodies.
Type AB blood has which of the following characteristics?
ADH
Vasopressin is a common term for this hormone.
second messenger appears in the cytoplasm.
When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, the
glucagon is released
When blood glucose levels fall
carbaminohemoglobin.
When carbon dioxide is bound to hemoglobin it is termed
deoxyhemoglobin
When hemoglobin does not have oxygen bound to hemoglobin it is termed
oxyhemoglobin
When hemoglobin is saturated with oxygen atoms it is termed
in the follicle cavity
Where does the chemical reaction between thyroglobulin and iodine take place?
aspirin
Which common over the counter drug can decrease blood clotting and thus may be beneficial for preventing a heart attack?
adrenal (suprarenal)
Which gland is called the "emergency gland" and helps the body adjust to stress?
glucocorticoids
Which group of hormones cause an anti-inflammatory action?
calcitriol
Which hormone is not produced by the pancreas?
cortisol
Which hormone may be prescribed in chronic inflammatory disorders such as Lupus?
erythrocyte
Which mature cell has no nucleus, no mitochondria and no ribosomes?
mother Rh negative, baby Rh positive
Which of the following combinations may result in the hemolytic disease of the newborn?
tissue plasminogen activato
Which of the following could be used as a treatment for a stroke if given early in the disease progression?
iodine
Which of the following elements is necessary for the production of thyroid hormone?
cortisol
Which of the following hormones increases and prolongs effects of the sympathetic nervous system?
erythropoietin
Which of the following hormones increases production of red blood cells?
Exposure to light stimulates production.
Which of the following is false concerning melatonin?
It enables red blood cells to phagocytose bacteria.
Which of the following is not a way that red blood cell shape is significant?
inhibits T3 and T4 secretion
Which of the following is not an action of TSH?
leptin; thymosins
Which of the following is not an antagonistic hormone pair?
antibodies
Which of the following is not one of the formed elements of blood?
about same size as basophils
Which of the following is not true of monocytes?
A. They are associated with synapses
Which of the following is not true regarding target cells? A. They are associated with synapses. B. They can respond to more than one hormone if they have receptors for each one. C. If a target cell lacks receptors for a hormone then it cannot bind that hormone. D. They have receptors for a specific hormone. E. They can be anywhere in the body.
It responds slowly but effectively for maintaining homeostatic functions.
Which of the following is true of the endocrine system?
C. They are anucleate
Which of the following is true regarding red blood cells? A. They are produced in the spleen B. They have a biconvex shape C. They are anucleate D. They survive for approximately one year E. They primarily carry carbon dioxide
low blood glucose
Which of the following might occur in an overdose of insulin?
Red cells are about 18 µm in diameter
Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is false?
The islets contain a variety of different cells producing different hormones
Which of the following statements is true about the pancreas?
vitamin K
Which of the following vitamins is needed for the formation of clotting factors?
develop into plasma cells and produce antibodies in response to antigens
Which of these descriptions best matches the term B lymphocytes?
are involved in cell mediated immunity
Which of these descriptions best matches the term T lymphocytes?
ferritin, hemosiderin, and transferrin
Which of these proteins functions to store or transport iron?
liver
Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?
eosinophils
Which white blood cell is most effective against parasitic infections?
eosinophils
White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the
basophils.
White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are
B positive, B negative, O positive, O negative
You have type B positive blood. What are all the types of packed RBCs you can receive?
Hormones
________ are chemical messengers that are released by cells and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues.
Reticulocytes
________ are immature erythrocytes that are present in the circulation.
Monocytes
________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells.
Coagulation
________ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.
Anemia
________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced.