A&P 18/19

the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin.

A bruise appears as a greenish spot in the skin because

blood clot

A fibrin network that contains trapped blood cells and platelets is called a(n)

formed elements abundance.

A hematocrit provides information on

calcitonin

A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is

aldosterone.

A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion content of the body is

cortisol.

A hormone that promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver is

embolus

A moving blood clot is called a(n)

hypovolemic

A person who has a low blood volume is said to be

presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane.

A person's blood type is determined by the

fibrinogen.

A plasma protein essential for blood clotting is

bleeding

A sign of thrombocytopenia would be

hypercortisolism

A tumor in the pituitary gland could directly result in all of the following except

osteoporosis and kidney stones.

A tumor present on the parathyroid gland causing hyperparathyroidism may lead to

osteoclasts

Activity of which of the following cells is inhibited by calcitonin release?

leptin

Adipocytes produce a peptide hormone called ________ that acts on the hypothalamus

gene transcription is initiated.

After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex,

generating action potentials.

All of the following are functions of blood except

It is stored in the anterior pituitary

All of the following are true of oxytocin except?

E. are produced by the adrenal medulla.

All of the following are true of steroid hormones except that they A. bind to receptors within the cell. B. are derived from cholesterol. C. are lipids. D. are produced by reproductive glands. E. are produced by the adrenal medulla.

can act as an insulin synergist.

All of the following may be functions of melatonin except that it

red bone marrow

All the circulating red blood cells in an adult originate in the

glucagon; insulin

Alpha cells are to ________ as beta cells are to ________.

increased erythropoiesis.

An obstruction in blood flow to the kidneys would result in

Rh negative individuals who have been exposed to the D surface antigen.

Anti-D antibodies are present in the blood of

immunoglobulin

Antibodies are what type of plasma protein?

formed elements

Approximately 45 percent of blood volume is composed of the

plaques

Areas in a vessel wall where large quantities of lipid accumulate are called

serum

Blood that has clotting proteins removed is termed

target

Cells that respond to a hormone are called ________ cells.

epidermis of the integumentary system

Cholecalciferol is synthesized within the

glucocorticoids

Cushing's disease results from an excess of

aldosterone and ADH.

During dehydration the body would increase production of

liver and spleen

During fetal development the primary site(s) of red blood cell production is/are

iron

Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of

four iron atoms

Each hemoglobin molecule contains

testosterone

Each of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative except

D. is a component of the hypothalamus

Each of the following is true of the pineal gland except that it A. responds to light and darkness. B. is a component of the epithalamus. C. secretes melatonin. D. is a component of the hypothalamus. E. contains pinealocytes

destroying antibody-labeled antigens.

Eosinophils function in

blood flow to the kidney declines.

Erythropoiesis is stimulated when

released by the kidneys to stimulate red blood cell production.

Erythropoietin is a hormone

hemosiderin and ferritin

Excess iron is stored in the liver and spleen as

promote cortisol release.

Growth hormone does all of the following except

mineralocorticoids.

Hormones from the adrenal cortex that regulate electrolyte balance are

derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine.

Hormones known as "catecholamines" are

gonadotropins

Hormones produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that regulate the male and female reproductive organs are collectively called

Addison's disease

Hyposecretion of cortisol causes

red bone marrow

In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is the

O negative

In an emergency situation when you have no time to wait for cross-matched blood you could give a patient type ________ until the cross-match is available.

increase blood volume and maintain osmolarity.

In an emergency situation, a patient may be given plasma expanders while blood typing occurs. The plasma expanders are used to

Plasma antibodies and white blood cells defend against pathogens.

In what way does blood assist in immune function?

diabetes mellitus.

Inability of the pancreas to produce insulin results in

calcitonin; osteoclasts

Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to decreased levels of calcium ion in the blood via inhibition of ________.

has antibodies to B agglutinogens.

Jane has Type A blood; therefore, she

pineal gland

Melatonin is produced by the

catecholamines, peptide hormones, and eicosanoids

Membrane receptors are used by which of the following types of hormones?

hypothyroidism.

Mental and physical sluggishness and low body temperature may be signs of

hemoglobin

More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is

insulin receptor down-regulation

One cause for insulin resistance in non-insulin dependent (Type II) diabetes is

build up bone

Parathyroid hormone does all of the following except

they lack a functional intrinsic pathway.

People who suffer from hemophilia A fail to produce a functional Factor VIII; as a result,

their blood lacks A or B agglutinins

People with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because

composed of amino acids

Peptide hormones are

injections of vitamin B12

Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by

55; 92

Plasma composes about ________ percent of whole blood and water composes ________ percent of the plasma volume.

immunoglobulins.

Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the

cytoplasmic fragments of large cells.

Platelets are

megakaryocytes.

Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called

catecholamines

Receptors for ________, peptide hormones, and eicosanoids are found in the cell membranes of target cells.

erythropoietin.

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone

aldosterone.

Reduction of fluid losses at the kidneys due to the retention of Na+ is the action of

hemorrhage.

Some rat poisons contain a toxin that blocks the liver's ability to utilize vitamin K. Animals that consume this poison would die of

bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells.

Steroid hormones

pernicious anemia.

Surgical removal of the stomach could cause

synthesis and release

TSH plays a key role in the ________ of thyroid hormones.

calcitonin

The C cells of the thyroid gland produce

catecholamines.

The adrenal medulla produces

epinephrine and norepinephrine

The adrenal medulla produces the hormones

adenohypophysis.

The anterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the

4 months

The average life span of a red blood cell is

insulin

The beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce

agglutination.

The clumping of red blood cells, when the specific antibody against the antigen on the cells is added, is called

thrombin

The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by the enzyme

a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal.

The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if

vascular spasm

The first step of hemostasis is

carry dissolved blood gases

The function of hemoglobin is to

process called hemostasis

The function of platelets is to assist in the

carry oxygen to the cells and then carry away carbon dioxide

The function of red blood cells is to

atrial natriuretic peptide

The heart secretes the hormone

MSH

The hormone produced by the pars intermedia of the adenohypophysis during early childhood is

leptin

The hormone related to appetite control is

parathyroid hormone

The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is

inhibin

The hormone that opposes the release of FSH in both males and females i

thyroxine.

The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is

oxytocin.

The hormone(s) that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is/are

endocrine

The hypothalamus acts as both a neural and a(n) ________ organ.

secreting releasing and inhibiting hormones into the hypophysealportal system.

The hypothalamus controls secretion in the adenohypophysis by

increased water conservation by kidneys.

The main action of antidiuretic hormone is

water

The most abundant component of plasma is

albumins

The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are

type O.

The most common blood type is

neutrophils

The most numerous WBCs in a differential count of a healthy individual are

neutrophils

The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the

insulin

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is

increases the level of calcium ions in the blood.

The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that

coagulation

The phase of hemostasis that involved clotting of blood is called

sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

The pituitary gland is located within this structure.

ACTH

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex is

FSH

The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is

LH

The pituitary hormone that promotes ovarian secretion of progesterone and testicular secretion of testosterone is

growth hormone.

The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is

prolactin

The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is

TSH

The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is

neurohypophysis

The posterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the

red bone marrow

The process of lymphopoiesis occurs mainly in the

erythropoiesis.

The process of red blood cell production is called

all cells of the body.

The specific target cells of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine are

polyuria

The term used to describe excess production of urine is

follicles

The thyroid gland is composed of many ________ that produce and store thyroid hormone.

isthmus

The two lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by the

glucocorticoids.

The zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex produces

mineralocorticoids.

The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex produces

androgens.

The zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex produces

tyrosine

Thyroid hormones are structural derivatives of the amino acid

thyroid gland

Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the

can usually be controlled by diet and exercise rather than with medication.

Type 2 diabetes

anti-B

Type A blood has ________ antibodies in the blood plasma.

RBCs have both the A & B surface antigens and no ABO plasma antibodies.

Type AB blood has which of the following characteristics?

ADH

Vasopressin is a common term for this hormone.

second messenger appears in the cytoplasm.

When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, the

glucagon is released

When blood glucose levels fall

carbaminohemoglobin.

When carbon dioxide is bound to hemoglobin it is termed

deoxyhemoglobin

When hemoglobin does not have oxygen bound to hemoglobin it is termed

oxyhemoglobin

When hemoglobin is saturated with oxygen atoms it is termed

in the follicle cavity

Where does the chemical reaction between thyroglobulin and iodine take place?

aspirin

Which common over the counter drug can decrease blood clotting and thus may be beneficial for preventing a heart attack?

adrenal (suprarenal)

Which gland is called the "emergency gland" and helps the body adjust to stress?

glucocorticoids

Which group of hormones cause an anti-inflammatory action?

calcitriol

Which hormone is not produced by the pancreas?

cortisol

Which hormone may be prescribed in chronic inflammatory disorders such as Lupus?

erythrocyte

Which mature cell has no nucleus, no mitochondria and no ribosomes?

mother Rh negative, baby Rh positive

Which of the following combinations may result in the hemolytic disease of the newborn?

tissue plasminogen activato

Which of the following could be used as a treatment for a stroke if given early in the disease progression?

iodine

Which of the following elements is necessary for the production of thyroid hormone?

cortisol

Which of the following hormones increases and prolongs effects of the sympathetic nervous system?

erythropoietin

Which of the following hormones increases production of red blood cells?

Exposure to light stimulates production.

Which of the following is false concerning melatonin?

It enables red blood cells to phagocytose bacteria.

Which of the following is not a way that red blood cell shape is significant?

inhibits T3 and T4 secretion

Which of the following is not an action of TSH?

leptin; thymosins

Which of the following is not an antagonistic hormone pair?

antibodies

Which of the following is not one of the formed elements of blood?

about same size as basophils

Which of the following is not true of monocytes?

A. They are associated with synapses

Which of the following is not true regarding target cells? A. They are associated with synapses. B. They can respond to more than one hormone if they have receptors for each one. C. If a target cell lacks receptors for a hormone then it cannot bind that hormone. D. They have receptors for a specific hormone. E. They can be anywhere in the body.

It responds slowly but effectively for maintaining homeostatic functions.

Which of the following is true of the endocrine system?

C. They are anucleate

Which of the following is true regarding red blood cells? A. They are produced in the spleen B. They have a biconvex shape C. They are anucleate D. They survive for approximately one year E. They primarily carry carbon dioxide

low blood glucose

Which of the following might occur in an overdose of insulin?

Red cells are about 18 µm in diameter

Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is false?

The islets contain a variety of different cells producing different hormones

Which of the following statements is true about the pancreas?

vitamin K

Which of the following vitamins is needed for the formation of clotting factors?

develop into plasma cells and produce antibodies in response to antigens

Which of these descriptions best matches the term B lymphocytes?

are involved in cell mediated immunity

Which of these descriptions best matches the term T lymphocytes?

ferritin, hemosiderin, and transferrin

Which of these proteins functions to store or transport iron?

liver

Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?

eosinophils

Which white blood cell is most effective against parasitic infections?

eosinophils

White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the

basophils.

White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are

B positive, B negative, O positive, O negative

You have type B positive blood. What are all the types of packed RBCs you can receive?

Hormones

________ are chemical messengers that are released by cells and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues.

Reticulocytes

________ are immature erythrocytes that are present in the circulation.

Monocytes

________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells.

Coagulation

________ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

Anemia

________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced.