(A&P 2) Ch 19: Cardiovascular- The Heart

autorhythmic cells

1% of the heart cells make up the conduction system

coronary atherosclerosis

Clogging of coronary vessels with plaque build up.

1.epicardium 2.myocardium 3.endocardium

From outermost to innermost layer-arrange the layers in a correct sequence

steroidal hormones

steroidal or protein hormone attached to the dna, reason their effect last longer

protein

steroidal or protein hormone has to be injected

contractile cells

99% of the heart cells

fibrillation

A condition of rapid and irregular or out-of-phase contraction of heart muscle cells.

tricuspid

AV valve with three flaps

mitral valve

AV valve with two flaps.

atrial systoleearly

AV valves are open and ventricular filling occurs

heart murmurs

Abnormal heart sounds

P wave

Absence of a _______ wave may indicate damage to the SA node

ectopic focus

An abnormal pacemaker.

q

An excessively enlarged ___________wave can indicate the heart is enlarged.

lubb sound

Closing of the AV valves and signifies beginning of ventricular systole

dubb sound

Closing of the semilunar valves and signifies the beginning of ventricular diastole.

heart block

Damage to the AV node interfers with the ability of the ventricles to receive pacing impulses.

infarction

Death of heart muscle cells.

AV bundle

Found in the interventricular septum

myocardium

Heart muscle

ischemia

Heart muscle is deprived of oxygen.

bradycardia

Heart rate slower than 60beats/ min

yes

If a dr prescribes you a estrogen, cortisol, testosterone patch for your skin will it get into your body?

arrythymias

Low CO results in inadequate blood circulation

Purkinjie fibers

Network found in the ventricular myocardium

Fibrous Pericardium

Outermost layer consisting of tough collagen fibers that cover the heart.

T wave

Point that represents the "dup" sound made by the heart.

aortic semilunar vavle

Prevents back flow into the left ventricle

tricuspid valve

Prevents back flow into the right atrium

pulmonary semilunar valves

Prevents back flow into the right ventricle

mitral valve

Prevents backflow into the left atrium

pulmonary trunk

Principle blood vessel that originates from the right ventricle

QRS wave

Represents ventricular depolarization and precedes ventricular contraction

P wave

Results from depolarization of the atria and signals the onset of atrial contraction

T wave

Results from repolarization of ventricles and precedes ventricular relaxation

ventricular systole

Semilunar valves open and blood is ejected out of the ventricles

visceral pericardium

Serous layer covering the heart muscle also called as the epicardium

heart murmur

Sounds produced by regurgitation the valves. Causes: Inflammation of the heart valves, rheumatic fever, age related changes, congenital abnormalities, and septal defects

pericardial cavity

Space between the parietal & visceral layers of the pericardium

protein

Steroidal or Protein Hormone? insulin

ventricular septal defect

Superior part of the interventricular septum fails to form.

true

T/F Blood viscosity is 5x thicker than water

false stays the same

T/F Daily length of a blood vessel does change

true

T/F Exercise training can greatly increase cardiac reserve

true

T/F Lack of exercise and cardiovascular disease can reduce cardiac reserve

false

T/F Low capillary blood pressure is not desired

false

T/F The blood flow is not effected at all by diameter increase

false

T/F The farther you are from the heart the the greater the blood pressure

true

T/F The longer the length of the vessel the greater the friction

true

T/F The shorter the length of the vessel the lesser the friction

false, protein

T/F antidiuretic hormone is steroidal

true

T/F if the heart contracts as a unit it does not contract at all

false

T/F steroidal hormones cannot pass through the plasma membrane

false

T/F the heart does not contract as a whole unit

false, injected

T/F you can apply insulin into the skin and get it into your body

endocardium

The inner lining of the heart composed of simple squamous epithelium.

parietal layer

The outermost layer of the serous pericardium

SA node

The pacemaker of the heart.

AV node

The point in the conduction system of the heart where the impulse is temporarily delayed.

PR interval

The time that the atria contract and begin to relax

aorta

Vessel leaves the left ventricle

coronary sinuses

Vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the myocardium

inferior vena cava

Vessel that returns blood from the body trunk and lower limbs.

superior vena cava

Vessel that returns blood from the head and upper limbs

pulmonary artery

Vessels that carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

pulmonary veins

Vessels that return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

histamine

What causes dilation

elasticity

What does arterial blood pressure depend on?

jugular

What drains blood down

carotid

What drains blood up

atrial repolarization occurs at the same time

Why is there no wave representing atrial repolarization?

beta blockers

drugs that block the epinephrine -nor epinephrine receptors reduce the rate and strength of cardiac muscle contractions

steroidal

steroidal or protein hormone last longest

protein hormones

steroidal or protein hormone only attach to the plasma membrane level, reason they dont last long

contractile cells autorhythmic cells

what are the two types of cardiac muscle cells

antihistamine

what decreases dilation