(A&P 2) Ch 19: Cardiovascular- The Heart
autorhythmic cells
1% of the heart cells make up the conduction system
coronary atherosclerosis
Clogging of coronary vessels with plaque build up.
1.epicardium 2.myocardium 3.endocardium
From outermost to innermost layer-arrange the layers in a correct sequence
steroidal hormones
steroidal or protein hormone attached to the dna, reason their effect last longer
protein
steroidal or protein hormone has to be injected
contractile cells
99% of the heart cells
fibrillation
A condition of rapid and irregular or out-of-phase contraction of heart muscle cells.
tricuspid
AV valve with three flaps
mitral valve
AV valve with two flaps.
atrial systoleearly
AV valves are open and ventricular filling occurs
heart murmurs
Abnormal heart sounds
P wave
Absence of a _______ wave may indicate damage to the SA node
ectopic focus
An abnormal pacemaker.
q
An excessively enlarged ___________wave can indicate the heart is enlarged.
lubb sound
Closing of the AV valves and signifies beginning of ventricular systole
dubb sound
Closing of the semilunar valves and signifies the beginning of ventricular diastole.
heart block
Damage to the AV node interfers with the ability of the ventricles to receive pacing impulses.
infarction
Death of heart muscle cells.
AV bundle
Found in the interventricular septum
myocardium
Heart muscle
ischemia
Heart muscle is deprived of oxygen.
bradycardia
Heart rate slower than 60beats/ min
yes
If a dr prescribes you a estrogen, cortisol, testosterone patch for your skin will it get into your body?
arrythymias
Low CO results in inadequate blood circulation
Purkinjie fibers
Network found in the ventricular myocardium
Fibrous Pericardium
Outermost layer consisting of tough collagen fibers that cover the heart.
T wave
Point that represents the "dup" sound made by the heart.
aortic semilunar vavle
Prevents back flow into the left ventricle
tricuspid valve
Prevents back flow into the right atrium
pulmonary semilunar valves
Prevents back flow into the right ventricle
mitral valve
Prevents backflow into the left atrium
pulmonary trunk
Principle blood vessel that originates from the right ventricle
QRS wave
Represents ventricular depolarization and precedes ventricular contraction
P wave
Results from depolarization of the atria and signals the onset of atrial contraction
T wave
Results from repolarization of ventricles and precedes ventricular relaxation
ventricular systole
Semilunar valves open and blood is ejected out of the ventricles
visceral pericardium
Serous layer covering the heart muscle also called as the epicardium
heart murmur
Sounds produced by regurgitation the valves. Causes: Inflammation of the heart valves, rheumatic fever, age related changes, congenital abnormalities, and septal defects
pericardial cavity
Space between the parietal & visceral layers of the pericardium
protein
Steroidal or Protein Hormone? insulin
ventricular septal defect
Superior part of the interventricular septum fails to form.
true
T/F Blood viscosity is 5x thicker than water
false stays the same
T/F Daily length of a blood vessel does change
true
T/F Exercise training can greatly increase cardiac reserve
true
T/F Lack of exercise and cardiovascular disease can reduce cardiac reserve
false
T/F Low capillary blood pressure is not desired
false
T/F The blood flow is not effected at all by diameter increase
false
T/F The farther you are from the heart the the greater the blood pressure
true
T/F The longer the length of the vessel the greater the friction
true
T/F The shorter the length of the vessel the lesser the friction
false, protein
T/F antidiuretic hormone is steroidal
true
T/F if the heart contracts as a unit it does not contract at all
false
T/F steroidal hormones cannot pass through the plasma membrane
false
T/F the heart does not contract as a whole unit
false, injected
T/F you can apply insulin into the skin and get it into your body
endocardium
The inner lining of the heart composed of simple squamous epithelium.
parietal layer
The outermost layer of the serous pericardium
SA node
The pacemaker of the heart.
AV node
The point in the conduction system of the heart where the impulse is temporarily delayed.
PR interval
The time that the atria contract and begin to relax
aorta
Vessel leaves the left ventricle
coronary sinuses
Vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the myocardium
inferior vena cava
Vessel that returns blood from the body trunk and lower limbs.
superior vena cava
Vessel that returns blood from the head and upper limbs
pulmonary artery
Vessels that carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
pulmonary veins
Vessels that return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
histamine
What causes dilation
elasticity
What does arterial blood pressure depend on?
jugular
What drains blood down
carotid
What drains blood up
atrial repolarization occurs at the same time
Why is there no wave representing atrial repolarization?
beta blockers
drugs that block the epinephrine -nor epinephrine receptors reduce the rate and strength of cardiac muscle contractions
steroidal
steroidal or protein hormone last longest
protein hormones
steroidal or protein hormone only attach to the plasma membrane level, reason they dont last long
contractile cells autorhythmic cells
what are the two types of cardiac muscle cells
antihistamine
what decreases dilation
