A&P 2 Chapter 19 Blood

Fibrin

A blood clot is composed of blood cells, platelets, and a sticky protein called

hematoma

A bruise or mass of clotted blood in a tissue is known as ________.

Leukemia

A cancer of the white blood cells is called

leukopenia

A deficiency of circulating leukocytes is called

B and Rh; neither A nor Rh antibodies

A newborn baby is type B, Rh positive. The RBCs will have the _____ antigen(s) and the plasma will have _____ antibody(ies).

fibrinogen.

A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is

lipoprotein

A triglyceride + globulin complex is termed a(n) __________.

45

A typical adult hematocrit is around

A, Rh negative; B, Rh positive

A woman has a normal pregnancy, but the second pregnancy results in hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), or erythroblastosis fetalis. The second child needed a transfusion to completely replace the agglutinating blood. The mother is most likely type _____ and both children are most likely _____.

an increased reticulocyte count.

After donating 0.5 liter of blood, one would expect

E (important in coagulation)

All of the following are true of neutrophils, except that they are A) active in fighting bacterial infections. B) granular leukocytes. C) phagocytic. D) round cells with lobed nuclei. E) important in coagulation.

red bone marrow

All the circulating red blood cells originate in the

hypoxemia

An abnormally low concentration of oxygen in the bloodstream is called ___.

a severe infection.

An individual has a white blood cell count of 25,000 cells/microliter. You could assume that the individual may have

B; A and Rh

An individual has type B, Rh positive blood. The individual has the _____ antigen(s) and _____ antibody(ies).

hemolytic anemia

Any form of anemia that results from an excessive rate of erythrocyte destruction is classified as

horemone production

Blood has all of the following functions except

fibrinogen

Blood serum is essentially the same as blood plasma, except that plasma contains ___ and serum does not.

O2; iron in heme

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless gas that occurs in cigarette smoke, engine exhaust, and fumes from furnaces and space heaters. Carbon monoxide competes with _____ for the same binding site located on the _____.

Neutrophils

During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of

Agglutinogens

Erythrocyte antigens that determine a person's ABO blood type are known as ________.

transport carbon dioxide

Erythrocytes transport oxygen and serve to

The kidneys

Erythropoiesis is stimulated by a hormone that is secreted by

erythrocytes 45

Hematocrit is the percent volume of ______ and averages about ______ percent.

RhoGAM prevents the mother's immune system from actively producing antibodies against fetal Rh antigens by destroying fetal red blood cells that cross the placenta during delivery.

How does RhoGAM prevent HDN?

leeches

Identify the 2 dark structures shown.

red blood cell or erythrocyte

Identify the cell

phlebotomy or venipuncture

Identify the process of blood collection from a vein.

red bone marrow

In adults, erythropoiesis exclusively takes place in

red bone marrow

In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is the

red bone marrow and lymphoid tissues.

In the adult, blood formation occurs in the

agranulocytes

Lymphocytes and monocytes are classified as ___ to distinguish them from the other three types of leukocytes.

biliverdin iron

Macrophages in the spleen and liver will phagocytize ruptured RBCs and decompose heme into _____ and ______.

liver

Most clotting factors are plasma proteins synthesized by the ___.

0.9

Most people have been to the hospital and have seen people hooked up by an IV to a plastic bag containing various solutions. One of the most common solutions used in an IV is normal saline. If you looked at the bag of normal saline, you would expect its salinity to be about ____%.

thrombosis; embolus

Most strokes and heart attacks are caused by clots in unbroken vessels. This condition is called ____ and pieces may break loose of the vessel wall and travel in the bloodstream as a(n) _____.

their blood lacks A or B antibodies.

People with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because

injections of vitamin B12

Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by

interstitial fluid

Plasma is closest in composition to

55%

Plasma makes up approximately what percentage of whole blood?

cytoplasmic fragments of large cells.

Platelets are

C (dissolving a formed clot)

Platelets function in all of the following, except A) forming temporary clump in injured areas. B) contraction after clot formation. C) dissolving a formed clot. D) initiating the clotting process. E) releasing chemicals that stimulate clotting.

Neutrophils

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes are

erythropoietin

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone

carbon dioxide oxygen

Red blood cells carry __________ to the lungs and __________ to the tissues.

hemorrhage

Some rat poisons contain a toxin that blocks the liver's ability to utilize vitamin K. Animals that consume this poison would die of

hemocytoblasts

Specialized cells called ____ produce all the formed elements.

spleen

The ___ is especially involved in breaking up old erythrocytes and disposing of the cellular remains.

3 months

The average lifespan of a red blood cell is

Agglutination Coagulation

The clumping of RBCs by antibodies is called ___, whereas the clumping of RBCs by fibrin is called ___.

bilirubin; urobilinogen; urochrome; bilirubin

The color of bile is due to ____; the color of feces is due to ____; the color of urine is due to ____; and the color of jaundice is due to _____.

whole blood

The combination of plasma and formed elements is called

pernicious anemia

The disease that results from a hereditary lack of intrinsic factor is known as ________.

plasmin

The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is

thrombin

The enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin is

leukocytes; erythrocytes and platelets

The formed elements in the blood that have one nucleus are the _____, while the formed elements that have no nucleus are the _____.

carry oxygen

The function of hemoglobin is to

carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells.

The function of red blood cells is to

100.4

The mean temperature of the blood is _____degrees F.

Water

The most abundant component of plasma is

albumin

The most abundant plasma protein is __________.

albumins

The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are

neutrophil basophil

The most common leukocyte is the _____, while the least common leukocyte is the _____.

neutrophils

The most numerous WBCs in a differential count of a healthy individual are

hematocrit

The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the

hematocrit

The percent of whole blood composed of erythrocytes is known as ________.

Coagulation

The process involving halting blood loss is called _____.

dissolves clots.

The process of fibrinolysis

erythropoiesis

The process of red blood cell production is called

hemopoiesis

The production of blood cells and platelets is called ___.

hemoglobin

The red color of erythrocytes comes from the pigment ___.

red bone marrow

The site of red blood cell production in an adult is the __________.

5 to 6

The total volume of blood in the body of an adult male is approximately ________ liters.

erythrocytes

The viscosity of blood is due more to ___ than to any other factor.

oxygen

What binds to this structure on the hemoglobin molecule?

Malaria

What does this condition protect against?

transports iron ions in the plasma

What is the role of transferrin in the cycle?

sickle cell anemia

What is this condition?

plasmin

When a clot is no longer needed, it is dissolved by

C (all of these)

When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect A) a drop in oxygen levels. B) the release of erythropoietin. C) all of these D) none of these E) a rise in hematocrit.

heparin

Which of the following agents opposes coagulation?

megakaryocyte

Which of the following cells is far larger than all the others?

myeloblast

Which of the following cells is in a different lineage than all the rest?

polycythemia

Which of the following could result from an overly zealous program of exercise?

Ca++

Which of the following ions serves as a cofactor in blood clotting?

E (All of the answers)

Which of the following is a function of the blood? A) transport of nutrients and wastes B) transport of body heat C) transport of gases D) defense against toxins and pathogens E) All of the answers

E (All of the answers are correct)

Which of the following is true of basophils? A) constitute about 1 percent of WBCs B) granules contain heparin C) granules contain histamine D) attract other defense cells E) All of the answers are correct.

vitamin K

Which of the following vitamins is needed for the formation of clotting factors?

often elevated in allergic individuals

Which of these descriptions best matches the term eosinophils?

glycogen

Which of these is not found in blood?

C (antibodies)

Which of these is not one of the formed elements of blood? A) RBCs B) platelets C) antibodies D) lymphocytes E) basophils

eosinophils

White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the

basophils

White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are

a superficial vein

Whole blood for testing in a clinical laboratory is usually collected from

eosinophil monocyte

You are looking at differential WBC counts for two patients. One patient has a parasitic infection while the other has a viral infection. The patient with the parasitic infection would have a high ____ differential count, while the patient with a viral infection would have a high ____ differential count.

increase the blood osmolarity, and the tissues would become more dehydrated

You have all seen movies of people stranded in the ocean aboard lifeboats. The people are surrounded by water yet they cannot drink the seawater. The seawater would

a relatively rare type and can only be given to AB, Rh positive recipients

Your blood type is AB, Rh positive and you are willing to give blood. In spite of a national shortage of Type A blood, you were turned down by your local blood bank. The reason for being turned down is that your blood is

Platelets

___ are formed elements of the blood that are not and never were true cells

Platelets

___ are formed elements of the blood that are not and never were true cells.

Erythropoietin

___ is secreted in response to hypoxia and produces a negative feedback loop that raises the oxygen concentration of the blood.

Coagulation

_______ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

Reticulocytes

________ are immature erythrocytes that are present in the circulation.

Monocytes

________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells.

Anemia

________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced.