A&P 2 Exam 1 Review Questions
Increased levels of this hormone will lead to increased levels of calcium ions in the blood.
PTH
The single most important regulator of calcium levels in the blood is
PTH
Which of the following hormone pairs are antagonists that regulate blood calcium ion levels?
Parathyroid and calcitonin
Before the discovery of these glands, thyroid surgery often led to a rapid drop in blood calcium levels, which triggered muscle contractions and cardiac arrhythmias. What glands are these and which hormone is lacking?
Parathyroid glands: parathyroid hormone
Somatostatin is also known as
growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH)
What is an action of growth hormone?
Release of insulin like growth factor
Main effect of insulin
Some glucose will be excreted in urine
Gluccocorticoids
Steriod, increases blood glucose in response to stress
The parathyroid gland produces a hormone that-
increases the level of calcium ions in the blood
Which of the following is not a parathyroid gland mechanism to maintain adequate levels of blood calcium?
inhibition of calcitonin synthesis
Which of the following correctly describes the way hormones are secreted from the adenohypophysis?
A tropic hormone from the hypothalamus travels through the portal vein to the adenohypophysis where a second hormone is secreted
Hormone that promotes a decrease in blood pressure and a loss of sodium and water in urine?
ADH
Which hormone released into the blood by the posterior pituitary inhibits or prevents urine formation?
ADH
Which of the following hormones helps the body avoid dehydration and water overload?
ADH
Too little secretion of cortisol and aldosterone causes
Addison's disease
What hormone is released by the anterior pituitary to target the adrenal cortex when we are under stress?
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Which of the following is a known effect of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissues?- -Increased heart rate -Increased body temperate -Increased sensitivity to autonomic stimulation -Increased oxygen consumption -All of the above
All of the above
Which of these result from excessive parathyroid hormone release? -Elevated blood calcium -Increased loss of bone material -Osteopenia -All of the above
All of the above
Which cells of the pancreas islets produce glucagon?
Alpha cells
The zona reticularis of the suprarenal cortex produces
Androgens
False regarding secretion of hormones from the hypothalamus and pituitary glands?
Anterior and posterior pituitary glands are supplied both with blood by portal veins
Parathyroid hormone does all of the following except: A) Inhibit osteoblast activity B) Build up bone C) enhance the reabsorption of calcium at the kidneys D) Stimulate the formation and secretion of calcitriol at the kidneys E) Stimulate osteoclast acitvity
Build up bone
Which of the following could occur with a hypersecreting tumor of the adrenal gland?
Elevation of blood pressure and blood glucose concentration
Addison's disease is due to a insuffient output of glucocorticoids only- True or False?
False
Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones that usually enhance the immune responses when an individual is suffering from severe stress. True or False
False
Growth hormone solely exerts its influence by targeting other endocrine glands to produce hormones. True of false?
False
Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that controls blood pressure in part by increasing the urinary excretion of sodium. True or False?
True
Calcitonin can be administered clinically to treat several metabolic disorders associated with elevated calcium levels and excessive bone formation. True or false?
True
What type of stimulation controls parathyroid release?
Humoral (hormone release due to response of changes in extracellular fluid levels or ion levels)
Which is NOT a characteristic of Cushing's syndrome?
Hypoglycemia
Structures that produce the correct signaling order of the following hormones: GHRH, GH, somatomedins, target tissue-
Hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, liver, skeletal tissue
If a patient is administered a powerful glucocorticoid (such as prednisone) to suppress the immune system, what unintended effects might this have on blood chemistry?
Increase of blood glucose
What is a potential side effect of pharmacological administration of glucocorticoids?
Increased incidence of infection
What is the primary action of glucocorticoids on whole body metabolism?
Increased mobilization of fuel sources
How do glucocorticoids enable the body to deal appropriately with stress?
Increasing blood glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid levels and enhancing blood pressure
What connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus?
Infundibulum
Why is glucose present in the urine of people with diabetes mellitus?
Insulin target cells are unable to take in glucose from the blood, resulting in hyperglycemia and saturation of kidney glucose transporters
Why does antidiuretic hormone help regulate an abnormal increase in solute concentration in the extracellular fluid?
It causes reabsorption of water by the kidney, resulting in increased blood water volume and a decreased solute concentration
Which region of the adrenal gland produces and secretes cortisol?
Zona fasciculata
Which one is mismatched?- -Zona fasciculata and cortisol -Zona glomerulosa and aldosterone -Adrenal medulla and epinephrine -Zona reticularis and norepinephrine
Zona reticularis and norepinephrine
What gland secretes growth hormone?
anterior pituitary
adenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
anterior pituitary, stimulates cortisol release
Hormone that lowers blood levels of calcium ion is-
calcitonin
What triggers the release of glucagon?
decrease in blood glucose levels
Hypothyroidism will result in
elevated TSH
To what class of hormones does cortisol belong?
glucocorticoids
What protein is produced by the follicular cells to initiate thyroid hormone production?
Thyroglobulin
What is the hypothalamic tropic hormone that regulates cortisol secretion?
Corticotropin releasing hormone
A hormone that promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver
Cortisol
Hypersecretion of what hormone can produce the effects of gigantism?
GH
Which hypothalamic hormone stimulate the release of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary?
GHRH
Which hypothalamic hormone stimulates the release of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary?
GHRH
Which organ secretes insulin like growth factors as a result of growth hormone?
Liver
What class of hormones does the zona glomerulosa produce?
Mineralocorticoids
Which is an effect of parathyroid hormones on peripheral tissues?
Mobilizes calcium from bone
What describes gluconeogensis?
Synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources
The growth promotion functions of growth hormone rely partially on to the activity of
insulin-like growth hormone
The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is not a true endocrine gland because
it does not produce hormones
Hormone opposite of calcitonin
parathyroid hormone
Hyopthalamic-hypophyseal tract
partly contained within the infundibulum
Aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of ______ and the excretion of ______
sodium ions, potassium ions
How is iodine brought into the follicular cells of the thyroid gland?
sodium/iodide symporter
Follicular thyroid cells proudce
thyroglobulin
Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the-
thyroid gland, parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland
